稀土铕离子掺杂对拟薄水铝石晶体结构和相变的影响

研究了Eu3+离子对拟薄水铝石高温相变及微结构的影响。XRD及热分析结果表明,拟薄水铝石在560,882及1224℃分别经历-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3,γ-Al2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变。Eu3+掺杂后-γAlOOH→-γAl2O3相变温度不变,-γAl2O3→-θAl2O3和-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变温度分别提高到1054和1237℃。晶胞体积增大及衍射峰2θ值减小说明Eu3+离子以部分离子取代的形式进入-γAl2O3及-θAl2O3晶格。Eu3+离子进入晶格抑制了γ-Al2O3及-θAl2O3晶粒生长速率。-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程中Eu3+离子随Al3+一起迁移,并与Al3+离子及O2-离子形成了一个新生化合物相EuAl12O19。分析认为,该化合物在-αAl2O3晶界间存在,阻碍了-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相转变过程中离子扩散速率,使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变活化能由822.0提高到1063.15 kJ.mol-1。Eu3+离子掺杂使-θAl2O3→-αAl2O3相变过程由形核控制转变为表面扩散控制。     

聚合氯化铝制备拟薄水铝石及γ-Al2O3的研究Ⅱ——表面活性剂影响探讨

本实验采用自制的聚合氯化铝溶液为原料,利用溶胶-凝胶法制备拟薄水铝石及其衍生物γ-Al2O3,采用XRD、TEM和N2吸附法对样品进行表征和分析,探讨了不同pH值、不同合成温度以及不同pluronic表面活性剂对产物结构性质的影响。结果表明:当pH值为8.5时水合氧化铝以拟薄水铝石为主;当温度为70℃时制备的产物为拟薄水铝石晶相。随着表面活性剂L64、L65和F68分子量的增加,生成的拟薄水铝石及其衍生物γ-Al2O3的物相结晶度升高,但产物的晶相没有改变。所制备的拟薄水铝石在500℃焙烧6 h后均得到γ-Al2O3,其中表面活性剂为L65时扩孔效果最佳,比表面积、孔容和孔径分别为231 m2.g-1、0.28 cm3.g-1和4.52 nm。     

聚合氯化铝制备拟薄水铝石及其性质研究

<正>0引言拟薄水铝石是制备γ-Al_2O_3及其系列产物氧化铝的重要前驱体,尤其γ-Al_2O_3在催化剂载体、汽车尾气净化剂、分子筛以及吸附剂等领域得到了广泛地应用。然而不同路线和方法生产的拟薄水铝石赋予了氧化铝不同的性质和用途,因此,开发具有不同孔径和比表面积的拟薄水铝石及其衍生物极为重要和必要。     

氧化铝胶体的添加对氧化铝γ→α相变的影响

在γ-Al2O3粉体中添加氧化铝胶体,研究其对氧化铝α相变的影响.结果表明,与α氧化铝粉体籽晶相比较,氧化铝胶体也可以起到籽晶的作用;由于其颗粒较小、在γ-Al2O3中分散均匀且能与之紧密接触,大大降低了α相变温度,改善了煅烧产物的微结构,从而得到分散均匀、平均粒径< 100 nm的α氧化铝超细粉体.根据对粉体形貌TEM的观察,初步探讨了添加氧化铝胶体的前驱体α相变的过程.     

活性氧化铝孔结构的控制

研究了pH值交替变动、水热处理以及表面活性剂对活性氧化铝孔结构的影响。实验结果表明：pH值交替变动可以制备出结晶度高，晶粒大且均匀的拟薄水铝石；水热处理有利于氧化铝结构内铝原子迁移，促进晶粒进一步增长；而表面活性剂能够插入拟薄水铝石层间，减少焙烧过程中层间坍塌和毛细孔收缩，从而有效调控氧化铝孔结构。其中pH值交替变动和水热处理使氧化铝微孔分布向大孔方向迁移，比表面降低；加入表面活性剂使氧化铝微孔分布向小孔方向迁移，比表面增加，制备出了低比表面(≤150 m²·g^-1)和高比表面(≥250 m²·g^-1)的大孔容氧化铝载体。同时对铝原子的配位情况进行考察，发现铝原子主要以四配位和六配位状态存在，加入表面活性剂和水热处理能显著改变四配位铝和六配位铝的比值。     

鼓泡浆液反应器的应用开发研究Ⅰ.气含率和固相浓度分布特性

研究了以粉体氧化铝水合物为固相的鼓泡浆液反应器的平均气含率和固体浓度分布特性。考察了表观气速、体系温度、静液高度、固相浓度及气体分布板的开孔率等对气含率的影响和不同性质氧化铝水合物在塔中的悬浮和轴向浓度分布情况。结果表明气速增大或开孔率较大时气含率增大，但固相浓度大小对气含率没有影响。水合氧化铝固体粉末在鼓泡塔中的浓度分布特性与固体的堆积密度和吸水性能有关，吸水率大堆积密度小的拟薄水铝石在低气速条件下就可完全均匀悬浮。以上结果为用气液固三相鼓泡反应器制备晶粒大小均匀的拟薄水铝石提供了可能性。     

氧化铝的水热化学研究IV.α-Al2O3的再水合现象

前面几篇文章分别介绍了拟薄水铝石（Pseudoboehm让e）、薄水铝石（Boehmite）、a一三水铝石（G山bsite）、拜铝石（Bayerite）和诺水铝石（Nordstrandte）脱水产物的再水合现象［‘－’］．至此,几种常见氧化铝水合物在10OOoC以下脱水得到的各类过渡态氧化铝的再水合情况都进     

铈锆铝复合氧化物的制备及其性能研究

以硝酸铈和硝酸锆为原料,氨水为沉淀剂,双氧水为氧化剂,采用共沉淀法将铈锆固溶体负载在固态铝源(拟薄水铝石、活性氧化铝和改性氧化铝)表面,制备了铈锆铝复合氧化物。通过XRD,TEM,BET,TPR等手段对铈锆铝复合氧化物进行了结构表征和性能分析。研究结果表明:铈锆固溶体负载在氧化铝上,颗粒明显变小,老化性能得到显著改善;不同形态固态铝源制备的铈锆铝复合氧化物性能各异,以拟薄水铝石为铝源制备的样品比表面积最大,以改性氧化铝为铝源制备的样品表现出最佳的储氧性能。     

胶凝对氧化钡改性的氧化铝热稳定性的作用(英)

比较了γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 和胶凝预处理的拟薄水铝石经Ｂａ 改性前后在１ １５０ ℃高温下的热稳定性．ＢＥＴ表面积、孔径分布和ＸＲＤ 表征结果表明, 胶凝处理降低了氧化铝的孔径并加速了高温烧结．Ｂａ 的引入抑制了上述两种氧化铝向α相的转变,同时与ＢａＯ发生高温固相反应形成钡的六铝酸盐,但拟薄水铝石的胶凝处理削弱了Ｂａ 的高温稳定作用． 结果显示, γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 经Ｂａ 的改性不但抑制了αＡｌ２Ｏ３ 的生成,而且还抑制了γＡｌ２Ｏ３ 的烧结．     

临氢水热处理对Ni/γ-Al_2O_3催化剂结构和性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了Ni负载量为17%的Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂.在氢气压力4 MPa,温度180℃条件下对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了不同时间的水热处理.通过XRD、TG、H2-TPR和低温氮气物理吸附等手段对水热处理前后的催化剂进行表征,并考察其催化1,4-丁炔二醇加氢反应性能.结果表明,临氢水热处理导致载体γ-Al2O3水合相变为薄水铝石,随着水热处理时间的延长,薄水铝石的结晶度逐渐增大.γ-Al2O3的水合相变引起活性组分Ni晶粒的聚集及催化剂比表面积和孔容下降,从而导致催化剂活性降低.     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。