瓯柑果皮中总黄酮的提取及含量的测定

为了进一步开发利用瓯柑的资源,研究了瓯柑果皮中总黄酮的提取条件及含量测定.结果表明,总黄酮提取的最佳条件是:用80%乙醇在60℃下超声波提取1h、固液比为1:18、提取3次.瓯柑果皮中总黄酮的含量为2.143%,平均回收率为99.80%,RSD=0.88%(n=6).此结果为瓯柑药效功能的进一步研究和资源开发利用提供科学依据.     

维药“比也”中总黄酮及微量元素含量的分析

用紫外可见分光光度法测定维药"比也"(榅桲)中的总黄酮含量,并用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了K,Na,Ca,Fe,Cu,Co,Zn,Mn,Mg等9种元素含量.测定结果表明:"比也"(榅桲)中总黄酮量为3.87%,平均回收率为97.1%,RSD值为2.6%,并含有丰富的人体必需的微量元素,其中Na,K,Ca,Mg的含量更显著.微量元素测定方法的回收率在95.2%-104.1%之间,RSD值在0.42%-2.2%之间.通过本实验为榅桲的进一步研究和综合开发利用提供了新的科学依据.     

马蹄金中黄酮成分分析

为了进一步开发利用马蹄金的资源,用光谱法对马蹄金中黄酮类成分进行定性分析和定量测定,并利用正交设计优选马蹄金中总黄酮的提取条件。结果表明,马蹄金中含有黄酮类、黄酮醇类、异黄酮类等多种黄酮成分。总黄酮提取的最佳条件是:用70%乙醇在50℃下超声波提取1.5h、提取体积80mL、提取一次。马蹄金中总黄酮的含量为0.937%,平均回收率为100.3%,RSD=0.38%(n=6)。此结果为马蹄金药效功能的进一步研究和资源开发利用提供科学依据。     

微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定2种不同来源重楼药材中的金属元素含量

采用微波消解-火焰原子吸收光谱法测定滇重楼和华重楼中Ca、Mg、K、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn等7种金属元素的含量。结果表明,2种药材中金属元素的含量存在差异,其中滇重楼中宏量元素Ca、K、Mg,以及微量元素Cu的含量高于华重楼;而华重楼中微量元素Fe、Zn、Mn的含量高于滇重楼。实验的相关系数r≥0.9898,测定值的RSD在0.38%—1.70%之间,方法稳定可靠,其结果为进一步开发利用重楼药材资源提供了依据。     

中药红花总黄酮及微量元素含量的分析研究

采用紫外分光光度法测定了新疆地产中药红花中总黄酮的含量,在200～400 nm波长范围内扫描,最大吸收波长为λ=267.00 nm。原子吸收分光光度法测定了K, Na, Ca, Mg, Fe, Cr, Ni, Mn, Cu和Zn十种微量、常量元素的含量。结果显示红花中含有丰富的微量元素和较高的总黄酮,微量元素含量较高的是Ca, Mg, Cr, Cu和Zn元素。实验结果为探讨中药红花中总黄酮含量与微量元素的关系及研究红花中微量元素与治疗心脑血管疾病的关系提供了有用的数据。     

马牙蚕豆微量元素的测定

采用火焰原子吸收光谱法对马牙蚕豆中Cu,Zn,Fe,Mn,Ca,K,Mg和Na 8种微量元素进行了分析测定。方法的回收率(n=7)在大于97.6%,RSD值(n=7)小于2.80。实验结果表明,马牙蚕豆中K、Ca、Mg含量较高,研究结果为合理开发马牙蚕豆资源提供了可靠依据。     

微波消解-FAAS测定6种龙胆科植物花中微量元素的含量

选用硝酸和双氧水(5∶1)的混合消解液对样品进行微波消解,采用火焰原子吸收光谱法测定了云雾龙胆,管花秦艽,线性龙胆,黄管秦艽,麻花秦艽,蓝玉簪龙胆花这6种龙胆科植物花中的Ca、Mg、Cu、Fe、Mn、Zn6种微量元素的含量。该方法的加标回收率为96.53%—100.11%,相对标准偏差(RSD)小于3%,具有良好的准确度和精密度。研究结果显示,6种龙胆科植物花微量元素含量丰富,其中Mg、Ca、Fe的含量普遍较高,不同龙胆花中各元素的含量均有一定差异。本试验为这些龙胆花药材的合理药用及进一步的开发利用提供了可靠依据。     

青海栽培藏木香中微量元素含量的测定

利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定藏木香中Cu、Zn、Fe、Mn、Ca、K、Mg和Na8种微量元素的含量。该方法的回收率在96.23%—104.30%之间,相对标准偏差小于1.92%,具有较好的准确度和精密度。试验发现藏木香中微量元素含量丰富,这为藏木香的合理药用及进一步的开发利用提供了可靠依据。     

FAAS测定新疆哈密红枣中的微量元素

用硝酸-高氯酸溶解试样,盐酸溶出,利用空气-乙炔火焰原子吸收光谱法测定哈密红枣中Ca、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu、Mn微量元素的含量,该方法的加标回收率在97.10%—100.20%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD)在0.18%—2.33%之间,具有较好的准确度和精密度。实验发现哈密红枣中微量元素含量丰富,这为哈密红枣的合理食用及进一步开发利用提供了可靠的依据。     

鱼腥草根部和叶子中微量元素的测定与比较

用火焰原子吸收光谱法同时测定鱼腥草根部和叶子中Fe、Cu、Zn、Mn、Ca、Mg、Na和K8种微量元素的含量。方法的相对标准偏差为(RSD)1.16%,回收率为95.0%—110.0%。结果表明,鱼腥草根部和叶子中Fe、Mn、Ca、Mg、K、Na和Zn等人体必需的生命元素含量较高,各元素的含量均有差异。本试验为鱼腥草的进一步研究和综合开发利用提供了新的科学依据。     

First-Principles Study on the Electronic Structures for Y^3＋：PbWO4 Crystals

The possible defect models of Y^3＋：PbWO4 crystals are discussed by defect chemistry and the most possible substituting positions of the impurity Y^3＋ ions are studied by using the general utility lattice program （GULP）. The calculated results indicate that in the lightly doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, the main compensating mechanism is [2Ypb^＋ ＋ VPb^2-], and in the heavily doped Y^3＋ ：PWO crystal, it will bring interstitial oxygen ions to compensate the positive electricity caused by YPb^＋, forming defect clusters of [2Ypb^＋ ＋Oi^2-] in the crystal. The electronic structures of Y3＋ ：PWO with different defect models are calculated using the DV-Xα method. It can be concluded from the electronic structures that, for lightly doped cases, the energy gap of the crystal would be broadened and the 420nm absorption band will be restricted; for heavily doped cases, because of the existence of interstitial oxygen ions, it can bring a new absorption band and reduce the radiation hardness of the crystal.     

Application of Electron-Shelving Detection via 423 nm Transition in Calcium-Beam Optical Frequency Standard

A new scheme of small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam with application of 423 nm shelving detection and sharp-angle velocity selection detection is proposed. Combining these presented techniques, we conclude that a small compact optical frequency standard based on thermal calcium beam will outperform the commercial caesium-beam microwave dock, like the 5071 Cs clock （from Hp to Agilent, now Symmetricom company）, both in accuracy and stability.     

Micro-Photoluminescence Confocal Mapping of Single V-Grooved GaAs Quantum Wire

We perform the micro-photoluminescence measurement at low temperatures and a scanning optical mapping with high spatial resolution of a single V-grooved GaAs quantum wire modified by the selective ion-implantation and rapid thermally annealing. While the mapping shows the luminescences respectively from the quantum wires and from quantum well areas between quantum wires in general, the micro-photoluminescence at liquid He temperatures reveals a plenty of spectral structures of the PL band for a single quantum wire. The spectral structures are attributed to the inhomogeneity and non-uniformity of both the space structure and compositions of real wires as well as the defects nearby the interface between quantum wire and surrounding quantum well structures. All these make the excitons farther localized in quasi-zero-dimensional quantum potential boxes related to these non-uniformity and/or defects. The results also demonstrate the ability of micro-photoluminescence measurement and mapping for the characterization of both opto-electronic and structural properties of real quantum wires.     

Effects of in situ thermal annealing on the structural, optical, and electrical properties in Hg0.7Cd0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission, and Hall effect measurements were performed to investigate the structural, optical, and electrical properties of as-grown and in situ-annealed Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers grown on CdTe buffer layers by using molecular beam epitaxy. After the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers had been annealed in a Hg-cell flux atmosphere, the SEM images showed that the surface morphologies of the Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te thin films were mirror-like with no indication of pinholes or defects, and the FTIR spectra showed that the transmission intensities had increased in comparison to that of the as-grown Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayer. Hall-effect measurements showed that n-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers were converted to p-Hg_0.7Cd_0.3Te epilayers. These results indicate that the surface, optical, and electrical properties of the Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers are improved by annealing and that as-grown n-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers can be converted to p-Hg_1 − xCd_xTe epilayers by in situ annealing.     

Suppression of Chaos and Phase Locking in Two Coupled Nonidentical Neurons under Periodic Input

Dynamical behaviour of two coupled neurons with at least one of them being chaotic is presented. Bifurcation diagrams and Lyapunov exponents are calculated to diagnose the dynamical behaviour of the coupled neurons with the increasing coupling strength. It is found that when the coupling strength increases, a chaotic neuron can be controlled by the coupling between neurons. At the same time, phase locking is studied by the maxima of the differences of instantaneous phases and average frequencies between two coupled neurons, and the inherent connection of phase locking and the suppression of chaos is formulated. It is observed that the onset of phase locking is closely related to the suppression of chaos. Finally, a way for suppression of chaos in two coupled nonidentical neurons under periodic input is suggested.     

Fabrication of Long-Period Fibre Gratings Using 800 nm Femtosecond Laser Pulses

Long-period fibre gratings inside standard single-mode optical communication fibres are successfully fabricated with infrared femtosecond laser pulses. The refractive index perturbations are well confined within the fibre core by choosing the proper laser focusing parameters and translation speed of the fibre during the direct laser writing process. With the self-focusing effect considered and at a constant average irradiation dose of 1.62 × 10^3 J/（cm^2μm）, the threshold intensity for fabricating long-period gratings with infrared femtosecond laser pulses is determined to be 5.13 × 10^13 W/cm2.     

Tunable Nongeometric Phase Gates for Two Hot Ions via Adiabatic Evolution of Dark States

We propose a scheme for implementing nongeometric phase gates fbr two trapped ions via adiabatic passage of dark states. During the operation, the vibrational mode is only virtually excited, thus the scheme is insensitive to heating. Furthermore, the spontaneous emission is suppressed since the ions are always in the electronic ground states. The scheme is robust against small fluctuations of parameters, and the conditional phase is tunable.     

Fisher Information of Wavefunctions： Classical and Quantum

A parametric quantum mechanical wavefunction naturally induces parametric probability distributions by taking absolute square, and we can consider its classical Fisher information. On the other hand, it also induces parametric rank-one projections which may be viewed as density operators, and we can talk about its quantum Fisher information. Among many versions of quantum Fisher information, there are two prominent ones. The first, defined via a quantum score function, was introduced by Helstrom in 1967 and is well known. The second, defined via the square root of the density operator, has its origin in the skew information introduced by Wigner and Yanase in 1963 and remains relatively unnoticed. This study is devoted to investigating the relationships between the classical Fisher information and these two versions of quantum Fisher information for wavefunctions. It is shown that the two versions of quantum Fisher information differ by a factor 2 and that they dominate the classical Fisher information. The non-coincidence of these two versions of quantum Fisher information may be interpreted as a manifestation of quantum discord. We further calculate the difference between the Helstrom quantum Fisher information and the classical Fisher information, and show that it is precisely the instantaneous phase fluctuation of the wavefunctions.     

Photo-thermal Shot Noise in End Mirrors of LIGO due to Correlation of Power Fluctuation

The effect of input power fluctuation on photo-thermal shot noise in the end mirrors of a laser interferometer gravitational-wave observatory （LIGO） is analysed according to the statistical optics, which is a supplement of Braginsky＇s research. The laser light folding in LIGO increases a correlation of input power fluctuation in the photo-thermal shot noise. This part of noise has spectral density proportional to -2 in low frequency bands, and -4 in high frequency bands. It is not a white noise and may affect the processing about data of interferometers. To obtain an advanced LIGO, photo-thermal shot noise in end mirrors due to correlation of input power fluctuation is up to Braginsky＇s photo-thermal noise in the frequency range 1-100 Hz.