Co/HMS和Co/SiO2催化剂的表征及在费-托合成反应中的催化性能

 HMS介孔分子筛经水热处理得到无定形SiO2,分别以无定形SiO2和HMS为载体,用浸渍法制得了15%Co/SiO2和15%Co/HMS催化剂. 研究表明: 氧化态Co/SiO2和Co/HMS催化剂中的钴物种以Co3O4形式存在,且Co3O4晶粒粒径均较相应催化剂的孔径大,故有部分钴物种存在于催化剂外表面; 氧化态Co/HMS催化剂中的钴物种堵塞孔道较为严重; Co/HMS催化剂中存在较强的金属-载体相互作用,因此Co/HMS催化剂较Co/SiO2催化剂难还原; Co/HMS催化剂还原后具有较高的钴分散度,使其具有优异的费-托合成反应性能.     

含钴介孔分子筛Co-MCM-41耦合溴化四丁基铵协同催化苯乙烯直接氧化碳酰化制备苯乙烯环状碳酸酯

以苯乙烯为起始物,经催化环氧化然后环氧化物与二氧化碳环加成反应"串联一锅"制备苯乙烯环状碳酸酯,反应工艺简单(避免了中间体环氧化物的事先合成与分离)且绿色经济(原料苯乙烯比苯乙烯环氧化物价格低廉且毒性小),工艺具有潜在的工业应用前景。探讨了掺杂不同金属(Co,Fe,Ni,Mn,Cu,Ti)的MCM-41介孔分子筛催化剂对苯乙烯环氧化的转化率和选择性,研究表明以含钴介孔分子筛Co-MCM-41为最佳,并以Co-MCM-41耦合溴化四丁基铵(TBAB)为催化剂,考察了苯乙烯直接氧化碳酰化制苯乙烯环状碳酸酯反应。从影响反应活性和产物选择性的因素来优化反应,在80℃、4 MPa、CO2压力下,反应7 h,碳酸酯的收率达到46.1%。Co-MCM-41催化第一步苯乙烯环氧化反应,溴化四丁基铵催化第二步环加成反应。     

Co掺杂ZnO/MCM-41分子筛的制备及对异戊醇的催化氧化性能

以Co掺杂的介孔分子筛MCM-41为载体, 采用等体积浸渍法制备了系列5%ZnO/xCo-MCM-41催化剂, 并用于催化分子氧氧化异戊醇合成异戊醛的反应. 通过X射线衍射(XRD), 傅里叶变换红外光谱(FTIR), 紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), 氨气程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD), 氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)和氮气吸附-脱附等手段对样品进行表征, 并考察了Co掺杂量对分子筛结构和催化性能的影响. 结果表明, 随着Co掺杂量的增大, 样品的比表面积和孔体积均减小, 而其平均孔径呈先增大后减小的趋势. 当Co掺杂量为0.05时, 5%ZnO/0.05Co-MCM-41仍保持了MCM-41高度有序的六方介孔结构, 具有高比表面积(989 m²/g)、较大孔径(2.88 nm)和孔体积(0.88 cm³/g), 引入的Co主要以孤立态钴离子[Single-site Co(Ⅱ)]形式存在于MCM-41骨架, MCM-41骨架中的Co可以有效提高ZnO微粒的分散度, 适度降低5%ZnO/MCM-41的表面酸性, 并大幅度提高5%ZnO/MCM-41的氧化还原性. 与5%ZnO/MCM-41相比, 5%ZnO/0.05Co-MCM-41可使异戊醛的选择性提高28.3%.     

Co-MCM-41和Co-MCM-48分子筛的合成与表征及其对临CO2乙烷脱氢反应的催化性能

 合成了Co-MCM-41和Co-MCM-48分子筛,并用X射线衍射、红外光谱和紫外-可见漫反射光谱等技术对样品进行了表征. 结果表明,部分Co离子掺杂进入了各分子筛的骨架中,在Co-MCM-41分子筛中只含有Co(Ⅱ),而在Co-MCM-48分子筛中只含有Co(Ⅲ). 分子筛中Co离子的价态不同是导致它们反应性能差异的根本原因.     

Y型分子筛固载Co(Salprn)配合物的制备及催化烯烃环氧化性能

采用自由配体法将双水杨醛缩丙二胺席夫碱钴配合物Co(Salprn)封装于Y型分子筛超笼中,并通过X射线衍射、漫反射UV-Vis光谱、FT-IR光谱和差热分析技术对所制备的催化剂进行了表征。该催化剂样品( [Co(Salprn)]-Y)在苯乙烯环氧化反应中较纯配合物Co(Salprn)表现出很高的催化活性。反应条件（包括溶剂、催化剂用量、异丁醛浓度和反应时间）对催化性能有较大影响。研究结果还表明,[Co(Salprn)]-Y对其他烯烃的环氧化也具有较高催化活性。其活性顺序为苯乙烯﹥环己烯﹥环辛烯﹥正辛烯。     

浸渍溶液pH值对Co/SiO2催化剂催化F-T合成反应的影响

 以硅胶为载体,利用硝酸和尿素调节浸渍液的pH值,采用等体积浸渍法制得钴质量分数为10.0%的Co/SiO2 催化剂,结合XRD,TPR和原位IR等表征手段,考察了浸渍溶液pH值对催化剂物化性质和催化性能的影响. 结果表明,浸渍溶液pH值大于硅胶载体的等电点有利于活性组分钴在硅胶表面的吸附和分散,促进了钴与硅的相互作用,降低了催化剂的还原度,使催化活性降低,甲烷选择性增大. 浸渍溶液pH值小于硅胶载体的等电点则减弱了钴在硅胶表面的吸附,降低钴的分散,削弱了钴与硅的相互作用,有利于提高催化剂催化费托合成反应的活性和选择性.     

钴分子筛催化剂的制备及其分子筛载体对环己烷氧化选择性的影响

为了考察催化剂载体的孔道结构和择形性能对环己烷部分氧化反应的影响,采用直接水热法制备出了Co/S-1,Co/TS-1以及Co/MCM-41分子筛催化剂.XRD,FT-IR和SEM结果表明合成的样品具有较高的结晶度,晶粒大小均匀,其活性组分钴进入了分子筛骨架.采用氧气为氧化剂,考察了合成的钴催化剂样品对环己烷部分氧化的催化性能,并与CoAPO-5、Co/A l2O3、均相Co(OAc)2.4H2O催化剂以及无催化氧化的结果进行了比较.实验结果表明:分子筛载体能利用其孔道结构和择形性能,降低环己醇(酮)选择性对环己烷转化率的依赖性,且反应的选择性随分子筛载体孔径的增加而下降.孔道较小的Co/TS-1和Co/S-1做催化剂时,过氧化物含量低,环己烷转化率可达5%以上,同时反应总选择性为95%左右.     

钴基F-T合成重质烃催化剂载体效应的研究

 考察了ZrO2,Al2O3和SiO2等载体对Co基催化剂上CO加氢反应性能的影响．结果表明,载体的特性明显影响CO转化率、产物分布及链增长几率．氧化态催化剂上的钴主要以Co3O4形态存在,其晶粒大小的顺序为Co／ZrO2＜Co／SiO2＜Co／Al2O3．XPS测试结果表明,载体与钴之间存在着相互作用．     

Synthesis of Cobalt Doped Mesoporous Silica with high Cyclohexanone Selectivity for Catalytic Oxidation of Cyclohexane by the wild Sugarcane-grass Stems Bio-template Route

以野生滇蔗茅为生物模板剂合成Co掺杂的介孔SiO2催化氧化环己烷.并用X射线衍射、N2-物理吸附和解吸附、紫外-可见光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对材料进行了表征.X射线衍射、N2-物理吸附和解吸附研究结果表明该材料为介孔材料且氧化钴高分散于介孔材料的表面.紫外-可见光光谱表明钴离子以Co2＋和Co3＋的形态存在.环己烷的催化氧化结果表明催化剂能高效催化环己烷（环己烷的转化率为71.0%）转化为环己酮（选择性高达76.7%）.催化剂的重复性试验表明该催化剂具有较高的稳定性,循环使用3次后,催化活性仅有微小的改变.     

以野生滇蔗茅为生物模板剂合成Co掺杂的介孔SiO2高选择性催化氧化环己烷制备环己酮

以野生滇蔗茅为生物模板剂合成Co掺杂的介孔SiO2催化氧化环己烷.并用X射线衍射、N2-物理吸附和解吸附、紫外-可见光光度计、傅里叶红外光谱仪和扫描电镜对材料进行了表征.X射线衍射、N2-物理吸附和解吸附研究结果表明该材料为介孔材料且氧化钴高分散于介孔材料的表面.紫外-可见光光谱表明钴离子以Co2+和Co3+的形态存在.环己烷的催化氧化结果表明催化剂能高效催化环己烷(环己烷的转化率为71.0%)转化为环己酮(选择性高达76.7%).催化剂的重复性试验表明该催化剂具有较高的稳定性,循环使用3次后,催化活性仅有微小的改变.     

Co/AlPO4-5催化剂中Co的状态及其作用

本文用IR,TEM,FABMS,ESCA,XRD以及还原度的测定等方法,描述了Co/AlPO_4-5上Co_3O_4在氢作用下变成Co°,CoO以及未还原的Co_3O_4三种状态的还原过程和钴的颗粒分布的变化,并表明在还原过程中,可能有钴的簇状物生成,导致B酸形成。     

Reactions of CoS1.023 and Co3O4 with air and air/SO2 mixtures

It was reported in literature, that CoS_1+y oxidizes to CoO only, although it appears from Co-S-O predominance phase diagrams, that CoSO₄ is stable phase at partial pressures of SO₂ typical for sulfides oxidation. The experiments with CoS_1.023 oxidation with the air and the air/SO₂ gas mixture described in this paper, reveal that CoSO₄ phase is a product of such oxidation. However, the quantity of CoSO₄ is only of 1.4% of total cobalt content in the sample oxidized with the air and of 5.6-10.8% for oxidation with the air/SO₂ gas mixture. It is probably due to CoO layer, formed on CoS_1.023 grain's core, which results in hindering of oxidation after several minutes during the process. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

火焰原子吸收光谱法测定羰基钴催化剂中高含量钴

建立了火焰原子吸收光谱法测定羰基钴催化剂中高含量钴的方法,考察了20种共存离子的干扰情况,钴的最灵敏吸收线波长为240.7nm。用空气-乙炔火焰测定高浓度钴时,用波长为352.7nm的次灵敏线,可提高测定的精密度,又能使工作曲线的线性范围变宽。钴量在0～70ug/mL范围内符合比尔定律,此方法测定钴的最低检测限为0.16ug/mL,加标回收率在97.9％～100.7％之间,相对标准偏差小于2.2％。     

Room temperature carbon monoxide oxidation over Pt/Co2SnO4 and Pt/(Co3O4+SnO2) catalysts

Catalytic activities of Pt/Co2SnO4, Pt/(Co3O4+SnO2), Pt/SnO2, and Pt/Co3O4 catalysts for CO oxidation were investigated by varying CO concentration at room temperature. Reaction rates over Pt/Co2SnO4 and Pt/Co3O4 catalysts were not affected from increase in CO concentration. This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

TG and DTA Evaluation of Cobalt Salts and Complexes Mixed with Activated Carbon

The thermal decomposition process of mixtures of CoC₂O₄⋅2H₂O (COD) or Co(HCOO)₂⋅2H₂O (CFD) or [Co(NH₃)₆]₂(C₂O₄)₃⋅4H₂O (HACOT) with activated carbon was studied with simultaneous TG–DTG–DTA measurements under non-isothermal conditions in argon and argon/oxygen admixtures. The results show that the thermal decomposition of the studied mixtures in Ar proceeds in the same manner. It begins with the salt decomposition to Co_met+CoO mixture followed by (T>680 K) the simultaneous reduction of CoO to Co_metand carbon degasification. The final product of the thermal decomposition of COD-C and CFD-C mixtures, identified by XRD, is β-Co. Cobalt contents determined in the final products fall in the range 71–78 mass%. The rest is amorphous residual carbon. In Ar/O₂ admixtures the end product is Co₃O₄ with ash admixture. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Electrochemical Behavior of Cobalt-Dimethylglyoxime Complex Co(DMG)<Subscript>2</Subscript>(H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O)<Subscript>2</Subscript> in the Carbon Dioxide Reduction Process

The electrochemical behavior of a complex of cobalt with dimethylglyoxime Co(DMG)₂(H₂O)₂ is studied by cyclic voltametry. Peaks corresponding to redox transitions Co(III)/Co(II) and Co(II)/Co(I) are observed in the potential region 0.4 to ?1.8 V (Ag/AgCl). The product of reduction of the initial complex interacts with carbon dioxide to form a stable compound, probably an intermediate product of electrocatalytic reduction of CO₂ to CO in the presence of N₄-macrocyclic complexes of cobalt.     

Heterogeneous Water Oxidation: Surface Activity versus Amorphization Activation in Cobalt Phosphate Catalysts

Is water oxidation catalyzed at the surface or within the bulk volume of solid oxide materials? This question is addressed for cobalt phosphate catalysts deposited on inert electrodes, namely crystallites of pakhomovskyite (Co₃(PO₄)₂?8 H₂O, Pak) and phosphate‐containing Co oxide (CoCat). X‐ray spectroscopy reveals that oxidizing potentials transform the crystalline Pak slowly (5–8 h) but completely into the amorphous CoCat. Electrochemical analysis supports high‐TOF surface activity in Pak, whereas its amorphization results in dominating volume activity of the thereby formed CoCat material. In the directly electrodeposited CoCat, volume catalysis prevails, but not at very low levels of the amorphous material, implying high‐TOF catalysis at surface sites. A complete picture of heterogeneous water oxidation requires insight in catalysis at the electrolyte‐exposed “outer surface”, within a hydrated, amorphous volume phase, and modes and kinetics of restructuring upon operation.     

Magnetic and thermoelectric properties of layered LixNayCoO2

The magnetic, thermoelectric, and structural properties of Li_xNa_yCoO₂, prepared by intercalation and deintercalation chemistry from the thermodynamically stable phase Li_0.41Na_0.31CoO₂, which has an alternating Li/Na sequence along the c-axis, are reported. For the high Li-Na content phases Li_0.41Na_0.31CoO₂ and Li_0.40Na_0.43CoO₂, a sudden increase in susceptibility is seen below 50 K, whereas for Li_0.21Na_0.14CoO₂ an antiferromagnetic-like transition is seen at 10 K, in spite of a change from dominantly antiferromagnetic to dominantly ferromagnetic interactions with decreasing alkali content. The Curie constant decreases linearly with decreasing alkali content, at the same time the temperature-independent contribution to the susceptibility increases, indicating that as the Co becomes more oxidized the electronic states become more delocalized. Consistent with this observation, the low alkali containing phases have metallic-like resistivities. The 300 K thermopowers fall between 30 μV/K (x+y=0.31) and 150 μV/K (x+y=0.83).     

Synthesis and Structure of New Cobalt–Carbonyl Complexes Containing Tellurium Atoms

Co₂(CO)₈ and Te₂O react to form the well known Co₄(CO)₁₀Te₂, Co₄(CO)₁₁Te₂ complexes and the two new cluster complexes CCo₆(CO)₁₂Te₂(1), and CCo₆(CO)₁₀Te₂(Te₃) (2). The structures of 1 and 2 were determined by X-ray analysis, together with the triphenylphosphine derivative of 1, CCo₆(CO)₁₁(PPh₃)Te₂(3), which was analyzed to clarify the disordered structure of the parent compound. Complex 1 is formed by a prismatic cluster of cobalt atoms with a carbon embedded in the cage; two tellurium atoms cap the triangular faces of the prism and each cobalt atom links two terminal carbonyl groups. The complex 2 has a similar prismatic cage CCo₆; two ₄-Te atoms cap two rectangular faces of the prism, while other two Te atoms bridge two edges of the triangular faces and are linked each other through a third Te atom. Electron counting gives for complex 2 92 electrons: the presence of two long Co–Co distances suggests that the two excess electrons are located on Co–Co antibonding orbitals. Crystal data for 1, space group C2/c, a = 12.845(2) Å, b = 13.449(2) Å, c = 13.246(2) Å, = 91.95(2)°, Z = 4, R = 0.097 for 2555 reflections; for 2, space group Pnna, a = 17.219(5) Å, b= 14.969(6) Å, c = 9.178(4) Å, Z = 4,R = 0.037 for 3103 reflections; for 3, space group P2₁/c, a = 9.288(2) Å, b = 14.920(6) Å, c = 26.300(9) Å, = 99.99(2)°, Z = 4, R = 0.037 for 4300 reflections. The vibrational analysis of the complex 1 was performed and most of the (CO), (₆C–Co), (Co–Co) and (Co–Co) modes were assigned. The (Co–Te) modes were interpreted on the basis of the intermolecular coupling, due to the close contact between neighboring clusters in one distinct direction in the crystal.