PVC热稳定剂——羧酸疏基乙酯锑的合成及性质

以Sb2O3和HSCH2CH2OH为原料合成Sb(SCH2CH2OH)3;再将Sb(SCH2CH2OH)3与RCOOH反应,以钛酸丁酯作催化剂,二甲苯为溶剂,加热回流反应,得到酯锑。产品的热稳定性能测试表明：当逆酯锑的添 加量为2％时,PVC树脂的热稳定时间为8－40min(200℃）。还对该类热稳定剂对PVC的热稳定机理进行了初步探讨。     

部分水解聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯/氢氧化钙复合物对硬质聚氯乙烯热稳定性与透明性及塑化行为的影响

采用溶液沉淀法制备了部分水解的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(h-PMMA)/氢氧化钙(Ca(OH)2)复合物.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、红外光谱(FTIR)、等离子体发射光谱和差示扫描量热表征了h-PMMA/Ca(OH)2复合物的组成与结构;采用刚果红测试、动态热稳定测试和热失重分析(TGA)研究了复合物对聚氯乙烯(PVC)的热稳定效果;通过紫外-可见(UV-Vis)光谱、扫描电镜(SEM)照片和熔融塑化曲线研究了复合物对PVC透明性和塑化行为的影响.结果表明,在Ca(OH)2晶体生长过程中,h-PMMA通过—COO-/Ca2+离子配位作用吸附于Ca(OH)2表面,不仅限制了Ca(OH)2粒子尺寸,且有助于Ca(OH)2在PVC中均匀分散.所得h-PMMA/Ca(OH)2复合物在显著提高PVC热稳定性和塑化能力的同时,还使PVC保持透明性.     

一种双钒帽多金属氧酸盐的水热合成及其晶体结构和热稳定性

采用水热法合成了一种双钒帽多金属氧酸盐[CrⅢ(1,10-phen)2(H2O)]2[PMoⅤ6MoⅥ6O40(VⅣO)2(OH)];利用元素分析、红外光谱、单晶X射线衍射表征了其组成和分子结构,利用热重分析测定了其热稳定性.结果表明,合成的化合物由无序的双帽假Keggin型[PMoⅤ6MoⅥ6O40(VⅣO)2(OH)]6-杂多阴离子和两个[CrⅢ(1,10-phen)2(H2O)]3+配位阳离子单元组成,其热失重分两步进行,热稳定性良好.     

乳液聚合法制备P(St/BA)-KAl(OH)2CO3纳米复合物

利用乳液聚合法制备了一种含KAl(OH)2CO3纳米粒子的聚苯乙烯／丙烯酸丁酯复合物．Zeta电位、粒径分布、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)等分析表明KAl(OH)2CO3粒子能够稳定地分散于苯丙乳液的乳胶粒中,形成核一壳结构．热失重(TG)分析表明KAl(OH)2CO3粒子的加入能提高复合物的热稳定性,使其在阻燃涂料领域有着潜在的应用前景．     

改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法

提出了一种有效改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法. SBA-15材料经环己烷、甲苯和正丁醇等有机溶剂在157和190 oC密闭容器中分别处理6–24 h后,可呈现很好的水热稳定性.它们在800 oC经100%水蒸气处理12 h,依然能保持很好的有序介孔结构,比表面积可高达192–281 m2/g.其中,经环己烷190 oC溶剂热处理24 h的样品表现出最优的水热稳定性.溶剂热处理能显著提升材料孔壁中类似Si(OSi)2(OH)2和Si(OSi)3OH结构的Si–OH基间脱水,形成稳定的Si(OSi)4结构,从而有效减少了SBA-15材料孔壁的缺陷.由此,介孔材料的水热稳定性得到明显改善.溶剂热处理对SBA-15材料水热稳定性的这种提升作用与所用溶剂性质、处理温度以及SBA-15前驱体的类型密切相关.其中,以低沸点的非极性溶剂处理焙烧后的SBA-15材料表现出最好的稳定化效果.该方法具有简单、低能耗的特点,其在制备高水热稳定的有序硅基介孔材料上有很好的潜在应用价值.     

改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法（英文）

提出了一种有效改善SBA-15介孔材料水热稳定性的简单溶剂热后处理方法.SBA-15材料经环己烷、甲苯和正丁醇等有机溶剂在157和190o C密闭容器中分别处理6–24h后,可呈现很好的水热稳定性.它们在800℃经100%水蒸气处理12h,依然能保持很好的有序介孔结构,比表面积可高达192–281m2/g.其中,经环己烷190o C溶剂热处理24h的样品表现出最优的水热稳定性.溶剂热处理能显著提升材料孔壁中类似Si(OSi)2(OH)2和Si(OSi)3OH结构的Si–OH基间脱水,形成稳定的Si(OSi)4结构,从而有效减少了SBA-15材料孔壁的缺陷.由此,介孔材料的水热稳定性得到明显改善.溶剂热处理对SBA-15材料水热稳定性的这种提升作用与所用溶剂性质、处理温度以及SBA-15前驱体的类型密切相关.其中,以低沸点的非极性溶剂处理焙烧后的SBA-15材料表现出最好的稳定化效果.该方法具有简单、低能耗的特点,其在制备高水热稳定的有序硅基介孔材料上有很好的潜在应用价值.     

2-氨基烟酸铈的制备及对PVC热稳定性影响EI北大核心CSCD

以2-氨基烟酸(2-ANA)、硝酸铈(Ce(NO3)3)和氢氧化钠(Na OH)为原料，合成出2-氨基烟酸铈(2-CANA)。通过红外分析、热分析等表征方法确定分子式为Ce(C6H5N2O2)3·3H2O。通过静态热稳定实验研究2-CANA的热稳定性能，再与其他热稳定剂的热稳定性进行比较，同时，将2-CANA与硬脂酸锌(Zn St2)、季戊四醇(PE)进行一种或两种以上复配来探究其复配热稳定剂的热稳定性能。当2-CANA∶Zn St2∶PE=2∶1∶2时，静态热稳定时间最长为51 min，动态热稳定时间为40.79 min，降解表观活化能(Ea)是最高的，说明其协同作用较强，能够更加有效地抑制PVC降解反应的发生，使PVC降解能力减弱，并且其流变性能和力学性能最佳；当2-CANA∶Zn St2∶PE=1∶1∶3时，其抗变色性能最佳。2-CANA能够有效地吸收PVC在热降解过程中释放的HCl气体，并生成Ce Cl3，有效地阻止PVC链上C-Cl和与氯相连的C-H断裂，使共轭双键减少，减缓PVC变色，抑制HCl的生成，在一定程度上延缓了PVC的热降解。     

碳硫的土法快速测定法

Ⅰ.燃烧法定碳(一)大意:本法可测定钢铁中的总碳量,包括化合态的碳(FeC)及游离态的碳(又名石墨)测定时将钢铁在纯氧气流中燃烧,生成二氧化碳C+O_2=CO_24FeC+7O_2=2Fe_2O_3+4CO_2,使通过氢氧化钡[Ba(OH)_2]而被吸收CO_2+Ba(OH)_2=BaCO_3↓+H_2O过量的Ba(OH)_2溶液再用醋酸(HAc)即CH_3COOH标准溶液回滴,由消耗的Ba(OH)_2之毫升数即可求得碳的百分率。     

对2007年高考理综全国卷Ⅰ第27题的商榷

在溶液中Ba2 不能与AlO2-大量共存,即Ba2 与AlO2-反应生成沉淀(铝酸盐溶液中实际存在的是[Al(OH)4]-或[Al(OH)6]3-等配离子,AlO2-只是一种简写形式)。沉淀Al(OH)3中加入Ba(OH)2溶液,沉淀Al(OH)3将转化为Ba[Al(OH)4]2或Ba3[Al(OH)6]2等沉淀,使沉淀量增加。     

辅助热稳定剂对钡锌复合体系性能的影响

探讨异辛酸钡和异辛酸锌复合体系对聚氯乙烯(PVC)透明性能的影响, 以此为基础考察辅助热稳定剂水滑石(LDH)、 亚磷酸酯和β-二酮3种复合体系对PVC透明性能的影响. 结果表明, LDH能显著改善PVC的各项热稳定性能, 并且与Ba/Zn体系产生了显著的协同效应. 3种不同的辅助热稳定剂都能有效改善PVC的初期热稳定性能.     

二氧化碳和丙烯直接合成甲基丙烯酸的NiPMo/TiO2催化剂的研究

用溶胶-凝胶法以磷钼酸(MPA)的镍盐溶液水解钛酸四丁酯制备了NiPMo/TiO2催化剂.使用ICP、 XRD、 TG-DTA、 IR、 TPD-MS和微反应技术研究了催化剂的化学组成、热稳定性、化学吸附性质和催化反应性能.杂多钼酸盐与TiO2通过O2-在TiO2表面发生了键合.在623 K下,杂多阴离子仍保持原有的Keggin结构.CO2在Lewis酸位Ni(Ⅱ)和Lewis碱位Ni-O-Mo的桥氧协同作用下生成CO2卧式吸附态Ni(Ⅱ)←O-(CO)←(O--Ni).丙烯有多种吸附态在催化剂上吸附.在563 K、 1 MPa和空速1500 h-1的反应条件下,丙烯的摩尔转化率为3.2%,产物MAA选择性为95%.     

Synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives

Different approaches for the synthesis of 1-benzyloxypyrazin-2(1H)-one derivatives from simple amino acids have been investigated. A library of 33 precursors for the preparation of N-hydroxy pyrazinones was obtained in moderate to good yields.     

Toward new camptothecins. Part 6: Synthesis of crucial ketones and their use in Friedländer reaction

In the context of the preparation of camptothecin and luotonin A analogs, the synthesis of some key keto-precursors and their use in Friedländer condensation are described. This paper also focuses on the stability of these keto intermediates and emphasizes the major differences between indolizinones and pyrroloquinazolinones series. Noteworthy is also the report of some original structures isolated as by-products of some experiments.     

CoFe2O4自形成磁性液体场致结构化对磁化的影响

The Langevin paramagnetic theory can’t describe the relation between magnetization of ferrofluids and applied magnetic field. The structuralization of ferrofluids, which is considered the main influence factor of the magnetization, is regarded. The part of magnetization works is deposited when the structure is forming. This action influences the magnetization of ferrofluids directly or indirectly. On the base of the “compressing” model, the Langevin function that usually describes the magnetization of ferrofluid is modified, and a well-fitted curve is obtained. An equation of the relation between the equivalent volume fraction after being “compressed” and the intensity of magnetic field is discovered, which approximately describes the process of magnetization. The relation between the approximate initial susceptibility and the volume fraction can be obtained from modified formula.     

Highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of 2,4-dichloropyridine enabling a novel approach to 2,4-bisanilinopyridine (BAPyd) libraries

The highly regioselective Buchwald–Hartwig amination at C-2 of the cheap and readily accessible reagent, 2,4-dichloropyridine with a range of anilines and heterocyclic amines is described. This new methodology is robust and provides a facile access to 4-chloro-N-phenylpyridin-2-amines on 0.25 mol scale. These intermediates undergo a further Buchwald–Hartwig amination at higher temperature to enable rapid exploration of the chemical space at C-4 and to provide a library of 2,4-bisaminopyridines.     

KMnO4-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines: Synthesis of amides and sulfonamides

KMnO₄-mediated oxidative CN bond cleavage of tertiary amines producing secondary amine was introduced, which was trapped by electrophiles (acyl chloride and sulfonyl chloride) to form amides and sulfonamides. The reaction could take place at mild condition, tolerating a wide range of function groups and affording products in moderate to excellent yields.     

Chemistry of heterocyclic compounds at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, over 50 years (Review)

The review contains a concise historical account and information on the most significant researches undertaken by the staff at the A. E. Favorsky Irkutsk Institute of Chemistry, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences on the Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds. Dedicated to Academician of the Russian Academy of Sciences B. A. Trofimov on his 70th jubilee. Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 10, pp. 1443–1502, October, 2008.     

A general and convenient synthesis of 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones and their use in amidoalkylation of hydrogen,heteroatom, and carbon nucleophiles

A general synthesis of previously unknown semicarbazone-based α-amidoalkylating reagents, 4-(tosylmethyl)semicarbazones, has been developed. The synthesis involved three-component condensation of semicarbazones of aliphatic or aromatic aldehydes with the same or other aldehydes and p-toluenesulfinic acid. The scope and limitations of this reaction were investigated. The compounds obtained were demonstrated to be an efficient α-(4-semicarbazono)alkylating agents. They were reacted with H- (sodium borohydride), O- (sodium methylate), S- (sodium phenylthiolate), N- (pyrrolidine, sodium succinimide), P- (trialkyl phosphites), and C-nucleophiles (sodium diethyl malonate) to give the corresponding products of the tosyl group substitution, 4-substituted semicarbazones, including analogues of nitrofurazone. Among the prepared compounds tested in vitro for antibacterial and antifungal activity, three nitrofuryl-containing semicarbazones exhibited high biological activities with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 8–32 μg/mL.     

Sulfur-directed metal-free and regiospecific methyl C(sp3)–H imidation of thioanisoles

Regiospecific and direct imidation of the methyl C(sp³)–H bond of thioanisoles is realized under mild and metal-free conditions with N-fluorobis(benzenesulfonyl)imide as an oxidant and nitrogen source. Proposed mechanism suggests that thionium ion intermediates and a Pummerer-type reaction are involved. The imidation has advantages such as high step-economy, excellent functionality tolerance, and regiospecificity, giving structurally diverse imidation products.     

Synthesis of novel chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-N-heterocyclic carbene ligands and their application in palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck couplings and asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde

A small library of new chiral bidentate hydroxyalkyl-imidazolium salts 1 is conveniently synthesized on multi-gram scale from inexpensive and commercially available chiral pool amino acids. The corresponding carbenes, generated by deprotonation of imidazolium salts 1, in combination with palladium(II) chloride were tested in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction. The most significant results in terms of yields and reactivities were achieved with low catalyst loading. The catalytic activities of these imidazolium salts were also investigated in the asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to benzaldehyde. The use of MgO nanoparticles as an additive in conjunction with these ligands played a crucial role in increasing the efficiency of these reactions.