在相对论性激光-等离子体系统中初始物理参数对激光脉冲的影响

基于相对论性激光-等离子体动力学理论，研究了相对论性激光-等离子体系统中圆偏振入射脉冲激光和等离子体相互作用对激光脉冲宽度的影响. 具体分析了在不同初始物理参数下脉冲激光的脉冲宽度在等离子体传播过程中的变化情况，重点分析了激光脉冲在等离子中压缩. 计算结果表明增加入射激光的强度和入射脉冲宽度以及减小等离子体的初始密度，能够有效地实现脉冲宽度在等离子体中压缩；当激光脉冲的初始参数a₀=0.12和τ=70以及等离子体密度n₀=0.3时，脉冲宽度相对压缩T/τ接近于1/10，从而给出了激光压缩的理论优化参数. 关键词： 相对论性激光-等离子体 激光脉冲宽度 等离子体密度 自压缩     

再入飞行器等离子体预测与气体组分相关性

对一类大钝头再入飞行器,理论分析电子密度预测与气体组分的相关性,使用经验证的数值模拟方法研究化学反应模型对等离子体预测的影响.研究发现:马赫数是影响等离子体预测与气体组分相关性的重要参数,马赫数越高,不同气体组分模型所得电子密度差异越大.气体组分模型对等离子体预测的影响在驻点强压缩区域和身部位置基本一致.对于大钝头再入飞行器,高度H=60 km,马赫数大于23时应该采用11组分化学反应模型.     

喷气Z箍缩高速扫描摄影

内爆Z箍缩是一种强的软X射线源，它在核武器物理、核武器效应模拟和惯性聚变等方面有重要的应用前景。喷气Z箍缩是以气体作为负载来产生等离子体，其内爆技术的研究主要集中在20世纪80年代及90年代早期，等离子体半径、压缩速度与时间关系是压缩过程中最为基本的参数。在本次实验研究中，用高速变像管扫描相机首次拍摄了阳加速器在负载为氖气状态下等离子内爆箍缩过程具有时间分辨的扫描像。     

螺旋波等离子体化学气相沉积纳米硅薄膜的光学发射谱研究

利用光学发射谱技术对螺旋波等离子体化学气相沉积纳米硅薄膜的等离子体内活性粒子的光发射特征进行了原位测量.研究了薄膜沉积过程中各实验参量对活性基团SiH^*， H^β以及H^α的发射谱强度的影响.实验结果表明，静态磁场的加入可显著提高反应气体 的解离效率 ；适当的氢稀释可以提高氢活性粒子的浓度，而过高的氢稀释比将使含硅活性基团浓度显著 减小；提高射频馈入功率整体上可以使各活性粒子的浓度增加，并有利于提高到达衬底表面 氢活性粒子的相对比例.结合螺旋波等离子体色散关系和等离子体特点对以上结果进行了分 析.该结果为螺旋波等离子体沉积纳米硅薄膜过程的理解及制备工艺参数的调整提供了基础 数据. 关键词： 光学发射谱 螺旋波等离子体化学气相沉积 纳米硅薄膜     

基于电参数的日光灯放电的等离子体特性的研究

利用数字示波器对电压电流的测量数据,通过各种电参数计算和谐波分析,研究了气体放电的等离子体一维壁稳弧通道模型,并对放电管的负载性质进行了讨论.     

气体放电等离子体参数测量仪的优化和改进

气体放电等离子体参数的研究实验是近代物理实验教学大纲基本要求的实验,该实验仪器存在很多问题,如放电不稳定,无法准确读取实验数据,复杂的数据处理过程等。对气体放电等离子体参数测量仪进行改造,制备封闭的稳定的放电管,改进测量电路,对仪器外观重新优化设计。从而改善实验测量的精度与准确度,提高实验效率,并能拓展实验内容。     

高功率微波脉冲压缩储能谐振腔的测量与调试

储能谐振腔是高功率微波脉冲压缩系统实验的核心部件，精确测量有关储能腔参数，修正谐振腔尺寸，调整实验系统的微波参数，使储能阶段H—T的泄漏最小、谐振腔的储能效率达到最大是非常关键和必要的。介绍了L波段高功率微波（HPM）脉冲压缩谐振腔的微波参数的测量，并根据微波参数测量的结果对谐振腔进行了调整，使谐振腔的储能效果明显改善；分析了不同气体成分及充气气压与本征频率之间的关系及其抗击穿性，作为工作介质，SF6含量为30％-50％，SF6-N2混合气体综合性能较好的。     

等离子体波导的复合X射线激光

短脉冲强激光和气体革相互作用可产生等离子体波导。利用自相似模型，得到了等离子体波导中等离子体参数的时人演化。利用自编制的程序，以类Ｈｅ氮为例，研究了在这种等离子体波导中，产生复合机制Ｘ射线激光的过程。     

核物理与等离子体物理学科研究进展

1脉冲功率技术及加速器物理 利用雪耙模型，对一个典型的微秒级导通时间等离子体断路开关物理过程进行了模拟计算，分析研究了导通物理机制和雪耙阵面的运动过程，获得了具有指导意义的数据和结果。在国内首次研制成功导通电流可达100kA的微秒导通时间等离子体断路开关，开展了等离子体枪与主回路之间的触发延时、等离子体枪数目及其工作电压对开关性能的影响规律实验研究，获得的典型数据和结果对开关的应用及等离子体源参数优化具有重要意义。     

表面波型微波感耦常压氖等离子体的激发温度研究

用光学多道分析仪研究表面波型常压微波感耦氖等离子体。采用“多线法”测定了ＮｅＭＩＰ的激发温度，研究了实验参数对激发温度的影响；讨论了该等离子体的发生成机制；推算了亚稳态原子浓度随实验参数的变化情况。     

Bowl piston geometry as an alternative to enlarged crevice pistons for rapid compression machines

Thermal inhomogeneity and physical processes like fluid dynamics reduce the utility of rapid compression machine (RCM) facilities to accurately study fuel combustion phenomenon relevant to internal combustion engines. Most current RCMs incorporate a large crevice volume in the piston to capture roll-up vortices that encroach into the combustion zone during compression. In this work, a bowl piston design similar to those used in diesel engines is proposed as an alternative to enlarged creviced pistons for creating a sufficiently thermally homogenous gas mixture prior to ignition without undesirable fluid motion found in flat piston configurations. The bowl piston also eliminates the possibility of cold unreacted gases entering the combustion chamber when the piston is retracted in rapid compression and expansion machines (RCEMs) like in creviced piston designs. In the work, a bowl piston was compared to creviced piston and flat piston configurations numerically and experimentally. Through non-reacting computational fluid dynamics simulations, the bowl piston reduced the roll-up vortex found for the flat piston and led to a higher temperature and more thermally uniform core of gas at peak compression compared to the enlarged crevice piston. Experimentally, three pistons were studied in a RCM facility with ethanol and n-butane as fuels. Results showed that the bowl piston yielded benefits over conventional piston geometries including: reduced heat loss due to lower surface area, higher turbulent Reynolds Number, stronger ignition, and higher heat release rate and combustion efficiency as estimated using heat release analysis. Based on the findings presented here, we conclude that bowl piston geometries are a promising alternative to creviced pistons for conducting fuel ignition studies in RCM and RCEM facilities.     

压缩/喷射制冷循环中喷射器引射室的最优压降

建立了蒸气压缩/喷射制冷循环稳定运行时两相喷射器的热力学模型,以常压沸点相差较大的制冷剂为工质,比较了两相喷射器引射室压降最优范围的差异,并在同一工况下,研究了不同工质压缩/喷射制冷循环的性能。结果表明:喷射器引射室压降存在最佳范围使压缩/喷射制冷循环性能接近最优值;在相同工况下不同制冷工质这个最佳范围不相同;在同一工况下,当采用压缩/喷射制冷循环时,不同工质的循环性能系数和单位容积制冷能力相比基本循环均增强了。研究结果为压缩/喷射制冷循环制冷工质的选择及两相喷射器结构的优化设计提供理论参考。     

冻干机冷阱室内流场数值模拟与分析

分析了冻干机冷阱的工作特点和要求,建立冷阱室的物理模型和冷阱室内流体流动的控制方程;采用F luent模拟软件对冷阱室内的气流组织进行了模拟分析。通过比较分析采用导流板和不采用导流板的冷阱室内的气流组织,得到采用导流板能有效的改善室内的气流组织,使室内的流场趋于均匀。     

Recent progress in flow visualization techniques toward the generation of fluid art

This paper describes recent progress in flow visualization techniques from the viewpoint of visual art incorporating fluid motion. The images of fluid art introduced here are categorized into four groups: the reflected or refracted patterns of free surface motion in nature and in a controlled environment, the coherent turbulent phenomena of fluid flow, and the fluid motion induced by the physical properties of fluids. It is shown that flow visualization techniques, which were originally developed in the field of engineering, have been successfully applied to the creation of artistic images.     

Estimation of interfacial forces in a multi-degree of freedom isolation system using a dynamic load sensing mount and quasi-linear models

A new indirect measurement concept is developed to estimate interfacial dynamic forces by employing the hydraulic mount as a dynamic force sensor. The proposed method utilizes a combination of mathematical models and operating motion and/or pressure measurements. A laboratory experiment consisting of a powertrain, three powertrain mounts (including a dynamic load sensing hydraulic mount), a sub-frame, and four bushings is then constructed to verify the proof-of-concept. Quasi-linear fluid and mechanical system models of the experiment are proposed and evaluated in terms of transfer functions and forced sinusoidal responses. The lower chamber pressure in the hydraulic mount is estimated since it is not available from measurements. This leads to an improved estimation of the effective rubber and hydraulic path parameters with spectrally varying and amplitude-sensitive properties up to 50 Hz. Finally, the reverse path spectral method is employed to predict interfacial forces at both ends of the mount by using measured motions and upper chamber pressure signals. Overall, the proposed quasi-linear fluid system model yields better indirect estimates of forces from the measured responses when compared with direct force measurements, through a simpler mechanical system model provides some insights. This work also advances prior component and transfer path type studies by providing an improved multi-degree of freedom system perspective.     

Formulas for compression wave and oscillating flow in circular pipe

This paper shows analytical solutions for compression wave and for steady-state oscillating flow in a pipe with a circular cross section. We considered the compression wave to be one of fluid phenomena, and paid our attention to the equation of fluid motion and of continuity. Pressure and flow velocity are directly treated in analytical solutions. Not only either of them but also flow rate may be chosen as an input and outputs by easy rearrangement of the formulas. This paper enables us to express various behavior of the compression wave by using analytical solutions with the phase velocity and the spatial absorption coefficient. Those analytical solutions enable us to reduce computation time and analysis cost on not only duct acoustics but also water hammer and combustion instabilities. Of course, our formulas may contribute to designing of microdevices such as MEMS strongly influenced by wall-viscosity.     

Multicomponent transport theoretical approach to ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions

A new theoretical model is introduced which is able to describe the initial compression and thermalization stage of an ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collision in a hydrodynamical three-flow picture. The first and second fluid is attributed to the nucleons of target and projectile, while a third component is introduced in order to take into account the gradual thermalization of the incoming flow. Based on relativistic transport theory, hydrodynamic equations of motion are derived for each component including transitions of target and projectile nucleons to the thermalized matter component as well as mutual deceleration accompanied with gradual heat transfer between the components. Hence, the multicomponent formalism contains the former two fluid approach as a limiting case.     

合肥光源BPM真空室位移监测系统

 合肥光源(HLS)电子储存环的束流水平轨道存在缓慢漂移现象,导致轨道水平漂移的主要原因是同步光热效应导致束流位置检测器(BPM)真空室水平移动。为抑制这种现象而研制的合肥光源BPM真空室位移监测系统,利用光栅位移传感器实时监测全环24个BPM真空室的位移,并将数据反馈至HLS控制系统,由控制系统对BPM的轨道测量值进行实时修正,从而提高了慢速轨道反馈系统有效性。     

On the damping of unsteady flow by compliant boundaries

This paper concerns unsteady motion of an incompressible inviscid fluid near a flexible surface which, in responding to the surface pressure field, absorbs energy. The modification of the flow consequent on energy removal at the boundaries is examined. Energy absorption always occurs when the mechanical surface properties include an element of dissipation. But surface dissipation is not essential; surface waves have a similar property. Unsteady fluid induced forces excite surface waves which carry with them energy that must have originated in the flow. The question of how flow characteristics change as energy is gradually given up to the boundary is examined through a particular model problem from which it becomes evident that surface motion draws vorticity towards the surface. The model chosen is that of a rectilinear vortex adjacent to a weakly responding boundary. Surface motion induces a velocity perturbation which is shown to move the vortex towards the surface whenever the fluid gives energy to that surface.     

喷射器扩压室结构设计优化研究

扩压室对喷射器内混合流体的降速增压有着重要影响.本文基于真实流体物性,采用气体动力学方法建立改进的一维混合模型并提出扩压室结构设计优化方法.将模型计算结果与文献实验值对比验证了模型的准确性.分析了扩压室结构参数与喷射器膨胀比、喷嘴喉部直径和混合室直径之间的关系.结果表明,扩压室半锥角α随膨胀比Pg/Pe、扩压室出口直径...