Morphological study of atherosclerotic plaque and its application in vulnerability evaluation

The relationships between the morphological characteristics and the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaque were analyzed theoretically and several suggestions were proposed to evaluate the plaque vulnerability. Validated by animal experiments and clinical studies, the theoretical results were confirmed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10302016 and 60402023), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No. 2006CB503803), and the National Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (Grant No. 2007AA02Z448)     

Correction to: The Structure and Properties of Microcrystalline and Submicrocrystalline Titanium Alloy VT1-0 in the Area of the Electron Beam Welding Seam

Russian Physics Journal - There was a misprint in the first author’s affiliation (V. A. Klimenov). It should read National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University instead of National Research...     

BioCD-2008: Synchrotron Radiation Circular Dichroism Spectroscopy of Proteins and Other Biomolecules

A weeklong workshop focusing on circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy using both conventional and synchrotron sources (SRCD) was presented at the National Synchrotron Light Source at Brookhaven National Laboratory from June 23–27, 2008.     

Pointwise bounds on eigenfunctions and wave packets inN-body quantum systems IV

We systematize the study of reflection positivity in statistical mechanical models, and thereby two techniques in the theory of phase transitions: the method ofinfrared bounds and the chessboard method of estimating contour probabilities in Peierls arguments. We illustrate the ideas by applying them to models with long range interactions in one and two dimensions. Additional applications are discussed in a second paper.Research partially supported by US National Science Foundation under Grant MPS-75-11864Research partially supported by Canadian National Research Council under Grant A4015Research partially supported by US National Science Foundation under Grant MCS-75-21684-A01     

Odd operators and spinor algebras in lattice statistics:n-point functions for the rectangular Ising model

An extension is given of the development by Schultz et al. [3] of the pioneering work of Kaufman and Onsager [2] on the planar Ising ferromagnet. This involves a novel form of Wick's theorem [19] for fermions. In subsequent papers the method will be applied to determine then-point functions and to evaluate rigorously critical indices.Supported by the Fonds National Suisse de la Recherche Scientifique, by the National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY76-17191, and by the National Research Council of Canada Grant No. NRC A9344     

Revisiting the security of quantum dialogue and bidirectional quantum secure direct communication

From the perspective of information theory and cryptography, the security of two quantum dialogue protocols and a bidirectional quantum secure direct communication (QSDC) protocol was analyzed, and it was pointed out that the transmitted information would be partly leaked out in them. That is, any eavesdropper can elicit some information about the secrets from the public annunciations of the legal users. This phenomenon should have been strictly forbidden in a quantum secure communication. In fact, this problem exists in quite a few recent proposals and, therefore, it deserves more research attention in the following related study. Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2006AA01Z419), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 90604023 and 60373059), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20040013007), the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601), the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (Grant No. 4072020) and the ISN Open Foundation     

Supersymmetry and the spectral condition on a cylinder

We study the spectral condition for supersymmetric Wess-Zumino field theories on a cylindrical spacetime. This condition is preserved under certain ultraviolet cutoff procedures and also leads to analyticity of HKR regularized field operators in a complex neighborhood of spacetime.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS/PHY86-45122.Supported in part by a German National Scholarship.     

Existence of conserved currents in the perturbative sine-Gordon and massive thirring models

The existence of infinitely many conserved currents in the quantized sine-Gordon and massive Thirring models is proved in renormalized perturbation theory.Research supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. PHY 74-22218 A03Research supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant No. MP 574-05783 A01     

Space-dependent dirac operators and effective quantum field theory for fermions

For the operator, wherem(x) can change sign, we develop a cluster expansion for computing the determinant and Green's functions. We use a local chiral transformation to relate the space-dependent case to the ordinary Dirac operator.Supported in part by National Science Foundation grant PHY/DMS 88-16214Supported in part by National Science Foundation grants DMS 90-08827 and DMS 88-580873Supported in part by National Science Foundation Mathematical Sciences Postdoctoral Research Fellowship DMS 88-07291     

Threshold quantum secret sharing between multi-party and multi-party

A threshold quantum secret sharing (TQSS) scheme between multi-party and multi-party was proposed using a sequence of single photons, which is useful and efficient when the parties of communication are not all present. We described the process of this TQSS scheme and discussed its security. It was shown that entanglement is not necessary for quantum secret sharing. Moreover, the theoretic efficiency was improved to approach 100% as almost all the instances can be used for generating the private key, and each photon can carry one bit of information. This protocol is feasible with the present-day technique. Supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program)(Grant No. 2007CB311100), the National High-Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2006AA01Z419 and 2006AA01Z440), the Major Research Plan of the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 90604023), the Scientific Research Common Program of Beijing Municipal Commission of Education (Grant No. KM200810005004), the Scientific Research Foundation for the Youth of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 97007016200701), the Doctoral Scientific Research Activation Foundation of Beijing University of Technology (Grant No. 52007016200702), the ISN Open Foundation, and the National Laboratory for Modern Communications Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 9140C1101010601)     

Quantum entanglement and quantum operation

It is a simple introduction to quantum entanglement and quantum operations. The authors focus on some applications of quantum entanglement and relations between two-qubit entangled states and unitary operations. It includes remote state preparation by using any pure entangled states, nonlocal operation implementation using entangled states, entanglement capacity of two-qubit gates and two-qubit gates construction. Supported by the National Fundamental Research Program of China (Grant No. 2001CB309306), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60621064 and 10674127) and the Innovation Funds from Chinese Academy of Sciences     

Phase diagrams and cluster expansions for low temperatureP(φ)2 models

We give a cluster expansion for the Schwinger functions of the stable phases found in Part I. The Wightman axioms, the mass gap, and asymptoticity of perturbation theory follow.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY 79-16812National Science Foundation predoctoral fellow, 1979–80. Currently Junior Fellow, Harvard University Society of Fellows     

Phase transitions and reflection positivity. II. Lattice systems with short-range and Coulomb interactions

We discuss applications of the abstract scheme of part I of this work, in particular of infrared bounds and chessboard estimates, to proving the existence of phase transitions in lattice systems. Included are antiferromagnets in an external field, hard-core exclusion models, classical and quantum Coulomb lattice gases, and six-vertex models.Research partially supported by Canadian National Research Council Grant A4015 and U.S. National Science Foundation Grants PHY-77-18762, MCS-75-21684-A02, and MCS-78-01885.     

Effective action and cluster properties of the abelian Higgs model

We continue our program to establish the Higgs mechanism and mass gap for the abelian Higgs model in two and three dimensions. We develop a multiscale cluster expansion for the high frequency modes of the theory, within a framework of iterated renormalization group transformations. The expansions yield decoupling properties needed for a proof of exponential decay of correlations. The result of this analysis is a gauge invariant unit lattice theory with a deep Higgs potential of the shape required to exhibit the Higgs mechanism.Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant DMS-8602207 and by the Air Force Office of Scientific Research under Grant AFOSR-86-0229Alfred P. Sloan Research Fellow. Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants PHY-84-13285 and PHY-85-13554Research partially supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant PHY-85-13554     

Single crystalline boron carbide nanobelts: synthesis and characterization

This paper reports that the large-scale single crystalline boron carbide nanobelts have been fabricated through a simple carbothermal reduction method with B/B2O3/C/Fe powder as precursors at 1100℃. Transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction characterizations show that the boron carbide nanobelt has a B4C rhomb-centred hexagonal structure with good crystallization. Electron energy loss spectroscopy analysis indicates that the nanobelt contains only B and C, and the atomic ratio of B to C is close to 4：1. High resolution transmission electron microscopy results show that the preferential growth direction of the nanobelt is [101]. A possible growth mechanism is also discussed.     

Influence of patterned TiO2/SiO2 dielectric multilayers for back and front mirror facetson GaN-based laser diodes

Ridge InGaN multi-quantum-well-structure （MQW） edge-emitting laser diodes （LDs） were grown on （0001） sapphire substrates by low-pressure metal-organic chemical vapour deposition （MOCVD）. The dielectric TiO2/SiO2 front and back facet coatings as cavity mirror facets of the LDs have been deposited with electron-beam evaporation method. The reflectivity of the designed front coating is about 50% and that of the back high reflective coating is as high as 99.9%. Under pulsed current injection at room temperature, the influences of the dielectric facets were discussed. The threshold current of the ridge GaN-based LDs was decreased after the deposition of the back high reflective dielectric mirrors and decreased again after the front facets were deposited. Above the threshold, the slope efficiency of the LDs with both reflective facets was larger than those with only back facets and without any reflective facets. It is important to design the reflectivity of the front facets for improving the performance of GaN-based LDs.     

NSCL-Ongoing activities and future perspectives

Michigan State University’s NSCL (National Superconducting Cyclotron Laboratory) is funded by the US National Science Foundation to operate the premier rare isotope user facility in the US. Beams of rare isotopes at NSCL are produced via projectile fragmentation or fission and separated in-flight. The current NSCL facility capabilities and main research directions will be outlined. The laboratory is currently expanding its capabilities by building an efficient gas-stopping and reacceleration capability initially up to 3.2 MeV per nucleon. For the longer term future, NSCL is proposing to replace the existing superconducting cyclotrons with a high-intensity, 200 MeV per nucleon superconducting heavy-ion linac.     

Mathematical principle and characteristics of polarization transform

The precise definition of polarization transform is proposed from the viewpoint of polarization domain transform for the first time. The mathematical principle, characteristics and physical meanings of polarization transform are analyzed. Two typical kinds of polarization transforms which are called unitary matrix polarization transform (UMPT) and diagonal matrix polarization transform (DMPT) are put forward. The gain property and the change property of polarization state distance are presented in detail. Thereby, the concept of serial polarization transform is proposed. A general polarization transform can be realized by two steps: changing the location of polarization states in polarization domain by UMPT; and expanding or compressing the density of polarization states by DMPT. The result is meaningful to many applications including polarization filtering, detection, enhancement, anti-jamming, discrimination and so on. Supported in part by the National Excellent PhD Dissertations Fund of China (Grant No. 08100101), the New Century Excellent Talents Fund of China (Grant No. NCET-04-0997), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60672033) and the Excellent PhD Fund of National University of Defense Technology (Grant No. B070401)     

Formation and photoluminescence properties of boron nanocones

This paper reports that a simple chemical vapour deposition method has been adopted to fabricate large scale, high density boron nanocones with thermal evaporation of B/B2O3 powders precursors in an Ar/H2 gas mixture at the synthesis temperature of 1000-1200℃. The lengths of boron nanocones are several micrometres, and the diameters of nanocone tops are in a range of 50-100 nm. transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction indicate that the nanocones are single crystalline α-tetragonal boron. The vapour liquid solid mechanism is the main formation mechanism of boron nanocones. One broad photolumineseence emission peak at the central wavelength of about 650 nm is observed under the 532 nm light excitation. Boron nanocones with good photoluminescence properties are promising candidates for applications in optical emitting devices.     

Unitary and non-unitary representations of the complex inhomogeneous Lorentz group

We construct unitary and non-unitary representations of the complex inhomogeneous Lorentz group, including all its unitary, irreducible representations. We discuss the decomposition of these representations when they are restricted to the real inhomogeneous Lorentz group. We also discuss the representations of the Poincaré group for which the translation subgroup transforms under a not necessarily unitary representation. We summarize briefly the physical motivation for this study.Supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF-GP-58) while at Brandeis University and by the National Science Foundation, Grant NSF-GP-3465, while at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences.