计算全息图在光学变换中的应用

本文讨论如何利用计算全息图作为全息透镜以实现圆环到直线,直线到点以及圆环到点等光学变换,采用液晶电视空间光调制品准实时地产生计算全息图。     

Acoustoseismic wave fields generated by surface seismic vibrators

Results of experimental and theoretical studies of acoustoseismic wave fields generated by surface seismic vibrators are presented. In experiments with high-power seismic vibrators operating in a frequency range of 5–10 Hz, acoustic waves were recorded at distances up to 50 km from the source. The long-range sound propagation from seismic vibration sources was observed in a near-surface waveguide arising due to temperature inversion. The effect of the acoustoseismic induction, i.e., excitation of surface seismic waves by the acoustic wave arriving from the vibrator, was also detected. The results of mathematical modeling of the acoustoseismic field generation by an operating seismic vibrator are presented. They include the modeling of the radiation of a harmonic acoustic wave’s by the vibrator, its trapping by the near-surface waveguide, the long-range low-frequency acoustic wave propagation in the presence of the waveguide, and the induction of a surface seismic wave by the arriving harmonic acoustic wave. It is shown that a seismoacoustic wave propagating at the boundary between the elastic earth and the atmosphere is an analog of the Stonely wave that appears in the presence of a near-surface low-temperature layer in the atmosphere.     

Measurement of the vector character of electric fields by optical second-harmonic generation

We present a scheme for the determination of the vector nature of an electric field by optical second-harmonic generation. We demonstrate the technique by mapping the two-dimensional electric-field vector of a biased transmission line structure on silicon with a spatial resolution of ~10mum .     

Formation of the holographic image of a diffuse object in second-harmonic radiation generated by a nonlinear medium

Results of experiments on recording three-dimensional holographic images of extended diffuse objects using an SHG hologram generating the second harmonic are presented. In this case, the object image is formed by the second-harmonic radiation whose wavelength is smaller than the wavelength of object and reference waves recorded on a hologram by a factor of two. Elements of the theory of an SHG hologram are considered. A holographic image of a transparency object illuminated with diffuse light is obtained. It is shown that the resolving power of this image is close to the limit determined by diffraction effects. An experiment on defocusing the reconstructed image showed that it was localized in one spatial plane and, therefore, was three-dimensional.     

参考光照射下的数字全息图频谱特点及应用

提出了一种在离轴数字全息再现过程中确定参考光角度和简化滤波器设计过程的方法。分析了模拟参考光照射下的离轴数字全息图的频谱特点。首先将数字全息图与计算机模拟的原参考光波相乘,然后做傅里叶变换,得到其频谱图。结果发现,含有被记录物体信息的物光波频谱始终处在频谱面的中央位置。依据这一特点,不仅可以实现模拟再现时最佳参考光的角度参数测定,而且还可以使滤波器的结构设计过程简化。借助于滤波技术,数字全息再现像中零级像和共轭像得到了有效的去除,再现物体实像质量得到了有效的改善。     

Non-invasive determination of shock wave pressure generated by optical breakdown

Shock waves generated by a laser-induced plasma were investigated using a pump-and-probe technique. Both 7-ns and 40-ps laser pulses at 1.06 m were employed to initiate breakdown in water. Two He-Ne laser beams were used as a velocity probe, allowing the accurate measurement of the shock velocity around the plasma. The maximum shock pressure was determined from the measured shock velocities, the jump condition and the equation of state for water. The conservation of the total momentum of the shock front was used to derive expressions for the shock velocity, particle velocity and shock pressure vs. the distance (r) from the center of the plasma. For a shock wave of spherical symmetry, the shock pressure is proportional to 1/r ². Our work shows that the expanding plasma initially induces a shock wave; the shock wave dissipates rapidly becoming an acoustic wave within 300–500 m.     

Real-time monitoring of all-optical poling by two-beam second-harmonic generation

We demonstrate a simple method for monitoring all-optical poling in real time. The poling pattern created by the writing beam at the fundamental frequency and the seed beam at the second-harmonic frequency is reconstructed by two-beam second-harmonic generation because of the writing beam and an additional probe beam at the fundamental frequency. When the probe beam is sufficiently weak, it does not distort the poling process. The method provides a significantly stronger signal than monitoring based on a probe beam alone.     

Studies of buried interfaces by optical second-harmonic generation

Optical Second-Harmonic Generation (SHG) has been used to study the technologically very important buried semiconductor-metal and magnetic multilayer interfaces. For the case of GaAs-Au, the SHG intensity is shown to depend on the applied bias and Schottky barrier height, and is strongly affected by the sweepout of the carriers generated by the fs excitation pulses. For the M/Co/M multilayers, with M=Cu or Au, the SHG signals appear to depend strongly on the magnetization and can be shown to be interface specific.Paper presented at the 129th WE-Heraeus-Seminar on Surface Studies by Nonlinear Laser Spectroscopies, Kassel, Germany, May 30 to June 1, 1994     

Transformation of optical vortices by polarization dynamic holograms

Results of theoretical and experimental studies of regularities in the transformation of the topological and polarization structures of optical vortices by polarization dynamic holograms formed by pulse Gaussian and singular light beams in dye solutions are presented.     

Image formation by inertialess dynamic holograms recorded in a medium with quadratic nonlinearity at different frequencies of the object and reference waves

It is shown theoretically and experimentally that the hologram recorded in a quadratically nonlinear medium is capable of forming the image in the case when the wavelengths of the object and reference beams are essentially different. The relations are derived that determine the wavelength of the reconstructed image, the direction of propagation of the restored beam, and the longitudinal shift of the reconstructed image depending on the wavelength of the beam scattered by the object. The experiment is carried out in a noncollinear arrange-ment of interaction of the object and reference waves in the KTP crystal. As a light source, a YAG:Nd laser (λ=1.064 μm) with a pulsewidth of 300 ps was used. The wavelength of the object wave was tuned by the Ba(NO₃)₂ crystal, which generated from one to three Stokes SRS components with the frequency shifts Δν, 2Δν, and 3Δν (Δν=1047 cm^?1). These components, upon interaction with the reference wave of the fundamental frequency formed the image at the wavelengths 0.532, 0.563, and 0.6 μm with an almost diffraction-limited quality. The experimental values of the angles of propagation of the beams that formed reconstructed images at different frequency shifts of the object wave corresponded to those predicted theoretically. We have confirmed the presence and direction of longitudinal shifts of the reconstructed images upon variation of the wavelength of the light scattered by the object. Thus, we have demonstrated the feasibility of the multicolor (multiwave) holographic generation of high-quality images separated in space. The inertialess nature of the beam coupling makes it possible to use the holograms of this type for ultrafast commutation of the information fluxes in optical computers and communication lines.     

Active synchronization of two mode-locked lasers with optical cross correlation

Two mode-locked Ti:sapphire lasers of different wavelengths were precisely synchronized by a simple feedback system employing sum-frequency generation (cross correlation). When the timing error exceeded the pulse duration, the periodic bunch of the sum-frequency pulse was used for rough timing adjustment. Using cross correlation with a stretched pulse, we struck a balance between wide locking range and sensitive timing detection. When the two lasers were well-synchronized, we obtained a continuous cross-correlation pulse train for 3 min. The holding time of the laser synchronization was extended to over one hour by adding a motorized stage to the PZT-mounted cavity mirror. We estimated the rms timing jitter between the two lasers by a scanning cross-correlation measurement. We confirmed that the rms timing jitter of the two lasers during 1.8 s was 28 fs. Received: 30 January 2002 / Revised version: 14 June 2002 / Published online: 8 August 2002     

A unified optical theorem for scalar and vectorial wave fields

The generalized optical theorem is an integral relation for the angle-dependent scattering amplitude of an inhomogeneous scattering object embedded in a homogeneous background. It has been derived separately for several scalar and vectorial wave phenomena. Here a unified optical theorem is derived that encompasses the separate versions for scalar and vectorial waves. Moreover, this unified theorem also holds for scattering by anisotropic elastic and piezoelectric scatterers as well as bianisotropic (non-reciprocal) EM scatterers.     

Extraction of object position from in-line holograms by using single wavelet coefficient

A novel digital method for tracking position of objects from in-line holograms by using single wavelet coefficient is proposed. In the proposed method, a wavelet transform is used to analyze the holograms. An axial position of the object being studied is determined by using a real value of a resultant wavelet coefficient appears at a center position of interference fringes. A feasibility of this method is experimentally verified by analyzing holograms of an optical fiber.     

Spatial coherence and cross correlation of three-dimensional ambient noise fields in the ocean

Ambient acoustic noise fields in the ocean are generally three dimensional in that they exhibit vertical and horizontal directivity. A model of spatially homogeneous noise is introduced in which the directionality is treated as separable, that is, the overall directionality of the field is the product of the individual directivities in the horizontal and vertical. A uni-modal von Mises circular distribution from directional statistics is taken to represent the noise in the horizontal, whilst the vertical component is consistent with a surface distribution of vertical dipoles. An analysis of the coherence and cross correlation of the noise at two horizontally aligned sensors is developed. The coherence function involves a single integral over finite limits, whilst the cross-correlation function, derived on the assumption that the noise has been pre-whitened, is given by an integral with limits that depend on the correlation delay time. Although the cross-correlation function does not exhibit delta functions that could be identified with the Green's function for propagation between the two sensors in the field, it does drop abruptly to zero at numerical time delays equal to the travel time between the sensors. Hence the noise could be used to recover the sound speed in the medium.     

Imaging of rotating objects by means of synthesized optical holograms

A scheme is presented for producing optical holograms of rotating objects by illuminating the object by a single-frequency coherent laser beam. Along one axis, the synthesis takes place due to rotation of the object; along the other axis, the hologram is synthesized by the coherent radiation field generated by a long linear optical antenna. Numerical simulation shows that reliable discrimination of object images from the accompanying background is possible, for point objects, using a single hologram recorded at one angular position and, for extended flat objects or thin cylinder-like objects, using holograms recorded at two or three angular positions. If the holograms are synthesized in the presence of normally distributed random phase noise, the quality of the reconstructed images of rotating objects remains sufficiently high for root-mean-square noise amplitudes exceeding π/2 and reaching the limiting value 2π/3.     

Self-assembled nanostructures of redox-functionalized terpyridines monitored by optical second-harmonic generation

Adsorption and self-organization of ferrocenyl-functionalized terpyridines on gold substrates were investigated in situ by optical second-harmonic generation (SHG). Film growth of these organometallic compounds could be detected in the submonolayer regime. The SHG data have been compared to the results of ellipsometric measurements and show that monolayer films are formed. Film growth is followed by self-assembly of ordered redox-active ferrocenyl nanostructures. PACS 81.07.Nb; 81.16.Dn; 42.65.Ky; 68.43.Mn; 81.70.Fy