共轭二烯烃定向加成研究进展

以1,3-丁二烯为代表的共轭二烯烃是重要的有机合成原料,在有机合成领域有重要的应用价值.综述了以1,3-丁二烯等为代表的共轭二烯烃定向加成的研究进展,并展望了其发展和应用前景.     

镍催化的丁二烯、醛、炔和氢氯二茂锆的多组分偶联反应合成1,4-二烯

1,4-二烯结构广泛存在于一系列具有生物活性的化合物分子中,其构建是有机合成中的重要研究领域之一.使用简单易得的原料合成1,4-二烯具有重要的研究意义.发展了镍催化的1,3-丁二烯、醛、炔和氢氯二茂锆的多组分偶联反应,用于高效合成1,4-二烯产物.该反应的原料均简单易得,其中1,3-丁二烯更是大宗化工产品.通过简单的炔...     

1,7-二芳基-1,6-庚二炔化合物的合成

1,6-庚二炔是有机合成的重要中间体,我们以Pd Cl2/Cu I为催化剂,NEt3为碱,在四氢呋喃溶剂中实现了二炔与卤代芳烃Sonogashira偶联反应,合成了10个1,7-二芳基-1,6-庚二炔化合物,该方法也适用于二卤芳烃如1,8-二碘萘与末端炔偶联合成1,8-二苯乙炔基萘.所有合成的目标化合物结构经1H NMR,13C NMR,IR和MS表征.     

α-卤代双(膦酸二乙酯)化合物的简单制备

双膦酸酯化合物在药物制备和有机合成中具有很广泛的应用,而其α-卤代衍生物在以上两方面的应用中显得更为突出[1,2],然而这类有机化合物的研究与应用受到其合成方法的限制[3].本文报道一种简单制备α-卤代双(膦酸二乙酯)化合物的方法,该方法基于烷基锂试剂与氯磷酸二乙酯及卤素试剂在乙醚溶液中反应得相应的α-卤代双(膦酸二乙酯)化合物(Scheme 1),该反应条件温和,收率高并"一锅"完成,实验结果见表1.     

α-卤代酮与芳香二胺经氧化-缩合过程一锅法合成喹喔啉衍生物

在二甲亚砜作用下, α-卤代酮与芳香1,2-二胺反应, 得到较高产率的喹喔啉衍生物. 结果表明反应经历一个串联的氧化-缩合过程. 二甲亚砜现场氧化α-卤代酮, 生成的二羰基化合物与芳香1,2-二胺缩合成喹喔啉衍生物.     

一锅两步法合成1,4-二芳基取代-1,3-丁二烯类化合物

1,3-共轭烯烃不仅是有机合成不可或缺的原料或中间体,许多聚合物、天然产物和具有生理活性化合物的核心骨架都含有1,3-丁二烯结构单元.简便而有效的1,3-共轭烯烃合成方法一直是化学家们感兴趣的研究课题,在已有共轭烯烃的合成方法中,钯催化烯基卤与端烯的Heck交叉偶联反应占据了主要地位.最近,简单化合物的"一锅法"串联反应构建碳碳键具有操作及反应后处理简单、原子经济性高等优点而备受关注.以价廉易得端炔和联硼酸频哪醇酯为原料,在碱催化下进行硼氢化反应生成烯基硼酸频哪醇酯,这一中间体无需分离纯化,在Pd(OAc)_2和碱的作用下实现一锅串联反应得到目标产物1,4-二芳基取代-1,3-丁二烯化合物,所有化合物的结构用~1HNMR和~(13)CNMR进行表征,该一锅串联法合成途径简捷,反应条件温和,为共轭烯烃化合物合成提供了简便的途径.     

一种简便合成2-丁炔-1,4-二醇衍生物的新方法

由2-丁炔-1,4-二醇可以很方便地得到2-丁炔-1,4-二氯,这一试剂在有机合成中有着广泛的应用。而在其它条件相同的情况下,制备2-丁炔-1,4-二溴并未得到相应较好的结果。我们用无水苯为反应溶剂,以温和的 (PPh3)PBr2作为卤代试剂(冰浴下液溴逐滴滴入PPh3苯溶剂中当场生成)卤化2-丁炔-1,4-二醇,选择性合成得到2-丁炔-1,4-二溴衍生物。同时也实现了2-丁炔-1,4-二醋酸酯的合成。     

1,3-二炔的合成

随着1,3-二炔类化合物在有机合成及功能材料等领域的广泛应用,它的合成引起了广大研究者的关注.本文阐述了1,3-二炔类化合物的合成发展历史,着重综述了近十年来1,3-二炔类化合物的合成发展情况,按原料类别进行介绍,主要包括以末端炔、炔基卤化物、金属炔化物和烯基卤化物等为原料合成1,3-二炔化合物的新成果.文章还分析了一些合成方法在医药领域的应用和重要的反应机理,并总结了该类化合物的合成及未来发展方向.     

5,5-二甲基-1-邻氨基苯基-1,3-己二炔的合成与表征

二炔化合物不但是有机合成的重要中间体,而且是许多天然产物以及具有生理活性化合物的基本骨架[1].自1869年以来发展了许多高效合成二炔化合物的方法和技术[2-6],其中用铜做催化剂的Glaser偶联反应是合成1,3-二炔化合物最常用的方法,然而这种方法不能满足合成不对称1,3-二炔化合物的需要.     

8-羟基喹啉制备技术进展

综述了重要有机合成中间体8-羟基喹啉的制备技术如喹啉磺化碱融、氯代喹啉水解、氨基喹啉水解以及Skraup合成法的现状和进展。同时也叙述了8-羟基喹啉的一些重要的衍生物的合成和应用。     

New ZnCe catalyst encapsulated in SBA-15 in the production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol

ZnO-CeO2/SBA-15 catalysts were prepared by two kinds of solid-state grinding method and used for the production of 1,3-butadiene(1,3-BD) from ethanol.A mixture of SBA-15(with or without organic template) and metal precursors were ground in solid-state.The obtained catalysts were characterized by TG,N2 adsorption-desorption,TEM,XRD,Py-FTIR and NH_3-TPD techniques.Superior dispersion of metal oxides and more exposed acid sites were achieved on the catalyst lOZn_1Ce_5-AS with the presence of organic template in SBA-15 during the solid-state grinding process.The catalytic performance was evaluated in a fixed-bed reactor and a 1,3-butadiene selectivity of as high as 45% is achieved.This is attributed to the coupling effect of Zn and Ce species in the mesopores of SBA-15,in which Zn promotes ethanol dehydrogenation and Ce enhances aldol-condensation,respectively.Additionally,solvent-free method inspires new catalyst synthesis strategy for the production of 1,3-butadiene from ethanol.     

Zirconium-mediated cross-coupling of terminal alkynes and vinyl bromides: selective synthesis of cyclobutene and 1,3-diene derivatives

A diastereoselective synthesis of 1,3-butadiene or cyclobutene derivatives by a zirconium-mediated reaction of alkenyllithium compounds and vinyl bromides is reported. The key steps involve the generation of zirconocene-alkyne complexes from haloalkenes and subsequent coupling with alkenyl bromides. Thus, formally the process supposes the cross-coupling reaction between a terminal alkyne and an alkenyl bromide. Moreover, the use of butyl vinyl ether instead of vinyl bromide as the unsaturated system allows an alternative access to different 1,3-butadiene regioisomers.     

Efficient one-to-one coupling of easily available 1,3-dienes with carbon dioxide

An efficient one-to-one coupling reaction of atmospheric pressure carbon dioxide with 1,3-dienes is realized for the first time through PSiP-pincer type palladium-catalyzed hydrocarboxylation. The reaction is applicable to various 1,3-dienes including easily available chemical feedstock such as 1,3-butadiene and isoprene. This protocol affords a highly useful method for the synthesis of β,γ-unsaturated carboxylic acid derivatives from CO(2).     

Highly efficient synthesis of stereodefined multisubstituted 1,4-dicyano- and 1-cyano-1,3-butadienes and their reactions with organolithium reagents

Stereodefined multisubstituted 1-cyano- and 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives were obtained in excellent yields of the isolated product from their corresponding monohalo- and dihalobutadienes and CuCN. This reaction proceeded with high stereoselectivity and retention of the stereochemistry of the starting halobutadienes. A study of the utility of the thus-obtained 1-cyano- and 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives was demonstrated by their reactions with organolithium reagents. 2H-Pyrrole or iminocyclopentadiene derivatives were formed in high yields from 1-cyano-4-halo-1,3-butadienes and organolithium reagents. When 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadienes were treated with organolithium reagents followed by trapping with electrophiles, a tandem process took place to afford 2H-pyrrolyl nitriles in excellent yields. Reduction of 1,4-dicyano-1,3-butadiene derivatives with LiAlH4 showed novel reaction patterns relative to normal nitriles.     

Nickel-catalyzed addition of C-H bonds of terminal alkynes to 1,3-dienes and styrenes

The C-H bond of a terminal alkyne adds to a carbon-carbon double bond of 1,3-dienes, styrenes, and norbornene at room temperature in the presence of a nickel catalyst in regio- and stereoselective manners. Reaction of triisopropylsilylacetylene with 1-substituted 1,3-butadiene derivatives afforded hydroalkynylation products via introduction of a hydrogen atom and a triisopropylsilylethynyl group to 4- and 3-positions of the dienes, respectively. Likewise, 1-triisopropylsiloxy-1,3-butadiene, 1,3-pentadiene, 1-cyclohexen-1-yl-1,3-butadiene, and 1,3-cyclohexadiene underwent the hydroalkynylation reaction, giving the corresponding 1,4-enyne derivatives in good yields at room temperature. Reaction of p-substituted styrene with triisopropylsilylacetylene also proceeded in the presence of the nickel catalyst, giving the branched hydroalkynylation products in good yields. Norbornene gave a exo-addition product in good yield under the same reaction conditions.     

Efficient synthesis and environmentally friendly reactions of PEG-supported 1,2-diaza-1,3-butadiene

[reaction: see text] Here, we report the protocol for the preparation of new poly(ethylene glycol)-supported 1,2-diaza-1,3-butadiene. In addition, we discuss an application of this supported reagent in an efficient and environmentally friendly one-pot synthesis of 2-thiazol-4-one derivatives by reaction with thioamides.     

Synthesis of 5(6H)-phenanthridones using Diels-Alder reaction of 3-nitro-2(1H)-quinolones acting as dienophiles

Diels-Alder reactions of 3-nitro-2(1H)-quinolones with 1,3-butadiene derivatives were carried out to give the phenanthridone derivatives under both atmospheric and high pressure conditions. Furthermore, the reactivity of 3-substituted 2(1H)-quinolones acting as a dienophile with 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene was examined using molecular orbital (MO) calculation.     

Scalable synthesis of highly reactive 1,3-diamino dienes from vinamidinium salts and their use in Diels-Alder reactions

A practical and chromatography-free synthesis of vinamidinium salts and their use as diene precursors in Diels-Alder reactions is reported. Additionally, 1,3-dipyrrolidino-1,3-butadiene was shown to be significantly more reactive than Rawal's diene in a competition experiment.     

活性阴离子聚合及其单体的研究进展

适用于活性阴离子聚合的单体拓展研究是有关活性阴离子聚合的一项重要的研究工作.本文重点介绍了近十年在活性阴离子聚合领域出现的新型单体的结构设计、合成及其聚合过程的研究进展.文中涉及到的新型单体主要包括非(弱)极性类单体、极性单体及其它单体.进一步细分,非(弱)极性类单体分为苯乙烯衍生物类单体和丁二烯衍生物类单体,极性单体中含有丙烯酸酯类单体、丙烯酰胺类单体、氯乙烯以及N-乙烯基咔唑,其它单体包括异氰酸酯类、烯酮类以及杂环类单体.最后本文对上述这些新型单体中的一些单体用于复杂大分子拓扑结构的设计合成情况也作了简要介绍.     

Experimental and Computational Investigations of the Reactions between α,β-Unsaturated Lactones and 1,3-Dienes by Cooperative Lewis Acid/Brønsted Acid Catalysis

The reactions of α,β-unsaturated δ-lactones with activated dienes such as 1,3-dimethoxy-1-[(trimethylsilyl)oxy]-1,3-butadiene (Brassard's diene) are barely known in literature and show high potential for the synthesis of isocoumarin moieties. An in-depth investigation of this reaction proved a stepwise mechanism via the vinylogous Michael-products. Subsequent cyclisation and oxidation by LHMDS and DDQ, respectively, provided six mellein derivatives (30–84 %) and four angelicoin derivatives (40–78 %) over three steps. DFT-calculations provide insights into the reaction mechanism and support the theory of a stepwise reaction.