考虑非局部剪切效应的碳纳米管弯曲特性研究

基于Hamilton(哈密顿)变分原理和非局部连续介质弹性理论,建立了新型非局部Timoshenko(铁木辛柯)梁模型（ANT）,推导了碳纳米管（CNT）的ANT弯曲平衡方程以及两端简支梁、悬臂梁和简支 固定梁的边界条件表达式,分析了剪切变形效应和非局部微观尺度效应对碳纳米管弯曲特性的影响.数值计算结果显示,碳纳米管的弯曲刚度随着小尺度效应的增强而升高.其次,这种小尺度效应对自由端受集中力的悬臂梁碳纳米管有明显作用,其刚度变化规律和其它约束条件的碳纳米管一样,这一点是ANT模型区别于普通非局部纳米梁模型的主要特点.经分子动力学模拟验证,ANT模型是合理分析碳纳米管力学特性的有效方法.     

Optimal singular and chattering modes in the problem of controlling the vibrations of a string with clamped ends

The problem of minimizing the root mean square deviation of a uniform string with clamped ends from an equilibrium position is investigated. It is assumed that the initial conditions are specified and the ends of the string are clamped. The Fourier method is used, which enables the control problem with a partial differential equation to be reduced to a control problem with a denumerable system of ordinary differential equations. For the optimal control problem in the l₂ space obtained, it is proved that the optimal synthesis contains singular trajectories and chattering trajectories. For the initial problem of the optimal control of the vibrations of a string it is also proved that there is a unique solution for which the optimal control has a denumerable number of switchings in a finite time interval.     

Bifurcation problems for discrete variational inequalities

The buckling of a beam or a plate which is subject to obstacles is typical for the variational inequalities that are considered here. Birfurcation is known to occur from the first eigenvalue of the linearized problem. For a discretization the bifurcation point and the bifurcating branches may be obtained by solving a constrained optimization problem. An algorithm is proposed and its convergence is proved. The buckling of a clamped beam subject to point obstacles is considered in the continuous case and some numerical results for this problem are presented.     

Method of successive approximations for three-dimensional laminar boundary layer problems (locally self-similar case) : PMM vol. 37, n6, 1973, pp. 974–983

We present an analytical method for the computation of problems of incompressible boundary layer theory based on an application of the method of successive approximations. The system of equations is reduced to a form suitable for integration. Parameters characterizing the external flow and the body geometry are contained only in the coefficients of the system and do not enter into the boundary conditions. The transformed momentum equations are integrated across the boundary layer from a current value to infinity with the boundary conditions taken into account. If the integration is made from zero to infinity, then the equations pass over into the Kármán relations. Integrating the system of equations a second time, using the boundary conditions at the wall, we obtain a system of nonlinear integro-differential equations. To solve this system of equations we apply the method of successive approximations. To satisfy the boundary Conditions at infinity we introduce, at each step of the iterations, unknown “governing” functions. From the conditions at the outer side of the boundary layer we obtain additional equations for their determination. With the iterational algorithm formulated in this way, the boundary conditions, both on the body and at the outer side of the boundary layer; are satisfied automatically.We consider a locally self-similar approximation. In this case, relative to the “governing” functions, we obtain an algebraic system of equations. We write out the solution in the first approximation. The results obtained in the first approximation are compared with the results of finite-difference computations for a wide range of problems. The results obtained in this paper are compared with those obtained in [1] for the flow in the neighborhood of a stagnation point. An indication is given of the nonuniqueness of the solutions of the three-dimensional boundary layer equations.     

Thermal buckling and post-buckling analysis of functionally graded beams based on a general higher-order shear deformation theory

In the present work, attention is focused on the prediction of thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of functionally graded materials (FGM) beams based on Euler–Bernoulli, Timoshenko and various higher-order shear deformation beam theories. Two ends of the beam are assumed to be clamped and in-plane boundary conditions are immovable. The beam is subjected to uniform temperature rise and temperature dependency of the constituents is also taken into account. The governing equations are developed relative to neutral plane and mid-plane of the beam. A two-step perturbation method is employed to determine the critical buckling loads and post-buckling equilibrium paths. New results of thermal buckling and post-buckling analysis of the beams are presented and discussed in details, the numerical analysis shows that, for the case of uniform temperature rise loading, the post-buckling equilibrium path for FGM beam with two clamped ends is also of the bifurcation type for any arbitrary value of the power law index and any various displacement fields.     

弹性杆的动态屈曲模态

本文提出了屈曲相关初缺陷的概念,采用最优模态分析方法,由Bernolli-Euler梁方程出发给出了弹性杆在齐次边条件下的动态屈曲模态、由此对两端固支弹性杆的动态屈曲模态进行了讨论.     

Large deformation and stability of a shear-deformable beam with a variable length under a uniformly distributed force

A beam held by two spatially fixed supports, may slide relative to these as soon as external loads are imposed. In particular, the possibly large deformation of a shear-deformable beam under a uniformly distributed, transverse force is investigated, which is clamped at its left side, while it may slide horizontally through another clamping device at its right side. Consequently, the material point of the beam that is currently located at the latter and the length of the portion of the reference configuration situated in between the two supports depend on the external forces and therefore are not known in advance. In order to obtain approximate solutions, a finite element scheme is utilized, in which a coordinate transformation is introduced, by which the difficulties of non-material boundary conditions and the unknown length of the beam are circumvented elegantly. It turns out that no static equilibrium is found, if the external forces are increased beyond a critical value, since the beam would slide out infinitely in that case. (© 2011 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Nonlinear analysis of buckling,free vibration and dynamic stability for the piezoelectric functionally graded beams in thermal environment

Employing Euler–Bernoulli beam theory and the physical neutral surface concept, the nonlinear governing equation for the functionally graded material beam with two clamped ends and surface-bonded piezoelectric actuators is derived by the Hamilton’s principle. The thermo-piezoelectric buckling, nonlinear free vibration and dynamic stability for the piezoelectric functionally graded beams, subjected to one-dimensional steady heat conduction in the thickness direction, are studied. The critical buckling loads for the beam are obtained by the existing methods in the analysis of thermo-piezoelectric buckling. The Galerkin’s procedure and elliptic function are adopted to obtain the analytical solution of the nonlinear free vibration, and the incremental harmonic balance method is applied to obtain the principle unstable regions of the piezoelectric functionally graded beam. In the numerical examples, the good agreements between the present results and existing solutions verify the validity and accuracy of the present analysis and solving method. Simultaneously, validation of the results achieved by rule of mixture against those obtained via the Mori–Tanaka scheme is carried out, and excellent agreements are reported. The effects of the thermal load, electric load, and thermal properties of the constituent materials on the thermo-piezoelectric buckling, nonlinear free vibration, and dynamic stability of the piezoelectric functionally graded beam are discussed, and some meaningful conclusions have been drawn.     

The bending of clamped beams made of materials with low resistance to shear

Oriented glass-reinforced plastics have low resistance to shear. This means that the calculation of beams made of these materials on the basis of the hypothesis of plane cross sections is not possible. We compare several methods of calculating shear and verify them on the basis of experimental data obtained for beams made of oriented glass-reinforced plastics with one or both ends clamped. We also discuss the boundary conditions in the clamped cross section and the effect of axial force in the case of fixed supports.Mekhanika Polimerov, Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 730–736, 1967     

带有微弱章动的圆球在粗糙水平面上的运动

对于圆球在粗糙水平面上的运动,在文[1]中,作者忽略了章动,得到了近似解析解。本文在此基础上给出了有章动情况下的控制方程。通过求解这些方程,证明文[1]关于接触点速度的结论在有章动时仍然正确。还得到其它一些有趣的结果,例如:球心和接触点的速度与球的自转角速度和章动角速度有一定联系;球心和接触点的速度的方向具有不变性。在进一步假设微弱章动的情况下,文中得到近似解析解,从而证明文[1]结果的正确性。     

Existence of solutions for elliptic equations with discontinuous nonlinearities strong resonance at infinity

In the present paper, our main purposes are to study nonlinear elliptic equations with strong resonance at infinity. Some existence theorems for nontrivial solutions are obtained by using some nonsmooth critical point theorems in [N. C. Kourogenis, N. S. Papageorgiou, Nonsmooth critical point theory and Nonlinear elliptic equations at resonance, J. Austral. Math Soc. (Ser. A) 69 (2000) 245–271]. The two of our theorems generalize Theorems 0.1 and 5.2 in [P. Bartolo, V. Benci, D. Fortunato, Abstract critical point theorems and applications to some nonlinear problems with “strong” resonance at infinity, Nonlinear Anal. TMA 7 (1983) 981–1012] to nonsmooth cases. Another theorem is new even if for the smooth case.     

Multi-harmonic measurements and numerical simulations of nonlinear vibrations of a beam with non-ideal boundary conditions

This study presents a direct comparison of measured and predicted nonlinear vibrations of a clamped–clamped steel beam with non-ideal boundary conditions. A multi-harmonic comparison of simulations with measurements is performed in the vicinity of the primary resonance. First of all, a nonlinear analytical model of the beam is developed taking into account non-ideal boundary conditions. Three simulation methods are implemented to investigate the nonlinear behavior of the clamped–clamped beam. The method of multiple scales is used to compute an analytical expression of the frequency response which enables an easy updating of the model. Then, two numerical methods, the Harmonic Balance Method and a time-integration method with shooting algorithm, are employed and compared one with each other. The Harmonic Balance Method enables to simulate the vibrational stationary response of a nonlinear system projected on several harmonics. This study then proposes a method to compare numerical simulations with measurements of all these harmonics. A signal analysis tool is developed to extract the system harmonics’ frequency responses from the temporal signal of a swept sine experiment. An evolutionary updating algorithm (Covariance Matrix Adaptation Evolution Strategy), coupled with highly selective filters is used to identify both fundamental frequency and harmonic amplitudes in the temporal signal, at every moment. This tool enables to extract the harmonic amplitudes of the output signal as well as the input signal. The input of the Harmonic Balance Method can then be either an ideal mono-harmonic signal or a multi-harmonic experimental signal. Finally, the present work focuses on the comparison of experimental and simulated results. From experimental output harmonics and numerical simulations, it is shown that it is possible to distinguish the nonlinearities of the clamped–clamped beam and the effect of the non-ideal input signal.     

Oscillations of a rigid body containing an elastic element with distributed parameters

The motions of a hybrid (discrete-continual) system, consisting of a carrier rigid body and an elastic element with distributed parameters fastened to it are investigated. Two types of fastening are considered: (1) both ends are clamped, and (2) one of the ends is clamped while the other is free. A closed system of integro-differential equations is obtained which describes the state of the system under arbitrary initial conditions and forces applied to the rigid body. The perturbed motion of the rigid body in the case of a quasi-linear restoring force is investigated using asymptotic methods. The motions are studied both when there is internal resonance between the oscillations of the rigid body and the natural oscillations of the element, and when there are no such resonances. Qualitative effects are found.     

Analytical bending solutions of clamped rectangular thin plates resting on elastic foundations by the symplectic superposition method

In this paper, the analytical bending solutions of clamped rectangular thin plates resting on elastic foundations are obtained by a rational symplectic superposition method which is based on the Hamiltonian system. The proposed method is capable of solving the plate problems with different boundary conditions via a step-by-step derivation without any trial solutions. The presented solution procedure can be extended to more boundary value problems in engineering.     

加热弹性杆的热过屈曲分析

基于轴线可伸长细杆的过屈曲变形几何理论,建立了两端轴向不可移的均匀加热直杆热弹性过屈曲行为的精确数学模型.这是一个包含杆轴线弧长在内的多未知函数的强非线性一阶常微分方程两点边值问题.采用打靶法和解析延拓法直接数值求解上述非线性边值问题,分别获得了两端横向简支和夹紧杆的热过屈曲状态解,给出了具有不同细长比杆的热过屈曲平衡路径.     

椭圆板的大挠度问题

本文在圆薄板大挠度问题摄动解法(1948).(1954)的基础上,求得了椭圆板大挠度问题的摄动解.本文的公式推导是1957年以前完成的,由于某些原因,长期未得发表.1959年见到Nash-Cooley以摘要形式发表的类似工作,但只有λ=a/b=2的数值结果.这里将原先推导的正确至二级近似的分析公式以及计算结果发表.其中包括泊桑比v=0.25,0.30,0.35,椭圆半径比λ=1,2,3.4.5的全部计算结果,以备工程设计计算之用.     

Predicting nonlinear dynamic response of internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring

This paper is focused on nonlinear dynamic response of internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring via a nonlinear dynamic model. The analytical approximate solutions to the oscillation motion are obtained by combining Newton linearization with Galerkin's method. Numerical solutions could be obtained by using the shooting method on the exact governing equation. Compared with numerical solutions, the approximate analytical solutions here show excellent accuracy and rapid convergence. Two different kinds of oscillating internal cantilever beam system on a steadily rotating ring are investigated by using the analytical approximate solutions. These include symmetric vibration through three equilibrium points, and asymmetric vibration through the only trivial equilibrium point. The effects of geometric and physical parameters on dynamic response are useful and can be easily applied to design practical engineering structures. In particular, the ring angular velocity plays a significant role on the period and periodic solution of the beam oscillation. In conclusion, the analytical approximate solutions presented here are sufficiently precise for a wide range of oscillation amplitudes.     

Two-dimensional thermoelastic analysis of beams with variable thickness subjected to thermo-mechanical loads

Two-dimensional thermoelastic analysis for simply supported beams with variable thickness and subjected to thermo-mechanical loads is investigated. An approximate analytical method is proposed. Firstly, the heat conduction equation is analytically solved to obtain the temperature distributions for two kinds of boundary conditions at the beam ends, which are the harmonic series with unknown coefficients. Then the two-dimensional equilibrium differential equations are analytically solved to obtain the displacement component series with unknown coefficients and the stress component series is obtained. The unknown coefficients in the temperature series and the stress component series are approximately determined by using the upper surface and lower surface conditions of the beam. With the proposed procedure, the solutions satisfy the governing differential equations, the loading conditions, and the simply supported end conditions. The proposed solution method shows a good convergence and the results agree well with those obtained from the commercial finite element software ANSYS. Several examples are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed solution method. The simultaneous effects of temperature change and applied mechanical load on the behavior of the beam are examined.     

一端固支一端简支变厚度梁的弹性力学解

研究了一端固支另一端简支连续变厚度梁在静力荷载作用下的应力和位移分布.通过引入单位脉冲函数和Dirae函数,将固支边等效为简支边与未知水平反力的叠加,利用平面应力问题的基本方程,导出满足控制微分方程及左右两端边界条件的位移函数的一般解,对上下表面的边界方程作Fourier级数展开,结合固支边位移为O的条件确定待定系数,得到的解是高精度的.数值结果与商业有限元软件ANSYS进行了比较,显示出很好的精度.     

压电梁的多项式解（Ⅱ）——典型问题解析解

从正交各向异性压电介质平面问题,对于材料3个特征根互不相等情况下,以3个拟调和位移函数表达位移、电势、应力和电位移的通解出发,利用调和多项式的显式表达式,结合试凑法,给出了平面压电梁的若干典型问题的解析解,包括悬臂压电梁自由端作用横向集中力和点电荷,悬臂压电梁表面作用线性电势和均布载荷,以及两端简支压电梁作用均布载荷等的解析解．