2,6-二苯基苯酚及其聚合物的合成与应用进展

2,6-二苯基苯酚是一种重要的精细化工中间体,随着经济的发展和科学技术的不断进步,它及其聚合物的用量和用途都在不断扩大拓宽。本文主要介绍了近年来它及其聚合物不同的合成路线及其优缺点,对它们在吸附材料、工程塑料、抗氧化剂、气体分离膜等方面的应用研究进展进行了总结,并对它们的应用前景进行了展望。     

对苯二酚改性聚二苯基硼硅氧烷的研究

应用熔融缩聚方法，用对苯二酚对硼硅氧烷聚合物进行改性，得到一种新型耐高温聚合物（ＰＢ）ＰＨ。并对其溶解性、热性能及其结构等作了详尽的论述。     

聚2,6-吡啶二甲酸膜对儿茶酚和对苯二酚电氧化的催化性能及其应用

研究了２,６－吡啶二甲酸在玻璃电极上的电化学聚合物薄膜修饰电极的电化学特性,发现其对儿茶酚和对苯二酚析电化学氧化具有显著的催化作用,使它们的氧化电位降低,峰电流显著增大。从聚合物膜与多酚化合物的氢键作用对催化机理进行了探讨。该聚合物膜修饰电极可用于多酚的电化学测定。     

刺激响应型功能聚合物的合成及应用

刺激响应型聚合物是一类功能性聚合物,它在药物控制释放、基因载体、纳米粒子以及纳米反应器等众多领域具有广阔的应用前景,因此引起了越来越多科学工作者的关注。刺激响应型聚合物多为双亲性聚合物,可通过自组装的方式得到形态各异的聚集体,如胶束、囊泡等。在受到某些外界环境刺激时,它们会产生特异性响应,尤其是功能性聚合物嵌段会发生相应的变化,从而引起整个聚合物结构的相转变和体积相转变。根据环境刺激种类的不同,刺激响应型聚合物可以分成不同类型,本文主要介绍了pH、温度、光、分子、电化学和手性等响应型聚合物,并概括了它们的结构特点以及不同的合成方法,简单说明了它们具有刺激响应功能的作用机理,阐述了结构与性能的联系。另外,还介绍了它们的潜在应用,并对此类聚合物的发展前景作了展望。     

铀-钾异核配位聚合物的合成及晶体结构

在水热反应条件下合成了1种新颖的U(Ⅵ)-K异核配位聚合物[UO2K2(pdc)2(H2O)3]n(H2pdc=吡啶-2,6-二羧酸),通过元素分析、红外、紫外光谱及热重对该配合物进行了表征。单晶结构表明:配合物属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群;晶胞参数分别为a=1.888 5(6)nm,b=1.490 0(5)nm,c=0.740 2(2)nm,β=111.104(10)°。中心铀及钾原子通过2个氮原子和6个氧原子与吡啶-2,6-二羧酸配体结合。不同的[UO2K2(pdc)2].3H2O单元通过氧原子桥联组成三维链状配位聚合物。配位聚合物中存在π…π相互作用及氢键作用。     

5-[4'-正庚基-氧-联苯基-4-氧-羰基]基-1-正戊炔的晶体结构研究

由于共轭聚合物的光致发光和电致发光性能, 有望成为制造全塑性发光二极管的材料, 因此近年来已引起人们的研究兴趣[1]. 聚乙炔是一种典型的共轭聚合物, 其不稳定性和难加工性限制了它的应用. 而含联苯液晶基元的取代聚乙炔, 不仅其难加工性得到了改善, 提高了稳定性, 而且赋予了聚合物液晶性, 因此有望开发出一批新型的高性能材料[2]. 目前对这类新型取代乙炔聚合物及其单体的凝聚态结构的报道还较少. 本文通过WAXD, TEM和AFM等手段对小分子液晶5-[4′-正庚基-氧-联苯基-4-氧-羰基]基-1-正戊炔(A3E′O7)的晶体结构进行了研究.     

5-[4′-正庚基-氧-联苯基-4-氧-羰基]基-1-正戊炔的晶体结构研究

由于共轭聚合物的光致发光和电致发光性能,有望成为制造全塑性发光二极管的材料,因此近年来已引起人们的研究兴趣[1].聚乙炔是一种典型的共轭聚合物,其不稳定性和难加工性限制了它的应用.而含联苯液晶基元的取代聚乙炔,不仅其难加工性得到了改善,提高了稳定性,而且赋予了聚合物液晶性,因此有望开发出一批新型的高性能材料[2].目前对这类新型取代乙炔聚合物及其单体的凝聚态结构的报道还较少.本文通过WAXD,TEM和AFM等手段对小分子液晶5-[4′-正庚基-氧-联苯基-4-氧-羰基]基-1-正戊炔(A3E′O7)的晶体结构进行了研究.1实验部分1.1样品及…     

一维链状配位聚合物[Zn(bipy)(H2O)2SO4]的合成及晶体结构表征

配位聚合物有迷人的拓扑学结构和不同寻常的物理、化学性质,它们在主客体化学、磁性材料、超导材料、非线性光学材料、催化及生物活性等诸多方面都表现出极好的应用前景,吸引了许多国内外学者投入到这一领域进行研究[1-4]。到目前为止,人们已经制备出了大量的配位聚合物,并对其     

一个吡啶二甲酸镉配位聚合物的合成、晶体结构及荧光性质

通过水热方法,采用H3CAM(H3CAM=4-hydroxy-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid)与Cd(NO3)2.4H2O反应,合成了1个镉配位聚合物[Cd4(HCAM)4(H2O)8]n(1),并对其结构和荧光性质进行了研究。结构分析结果表明该配合物属于单斜晶系,C2/c空间群。四个HCAM2-配体桥联4个镉离子形成了1个四核镉单元。这些孤立的单元通过氢键作用形成了1个三维配位框架。研究表明,该配合物在室温下能发出兰色荧光。     

氮杂环配体自组装螺旋链状结构配位聚合物的研究进展

螺旋结构配位聚合物在光学装置、生物模拟化学、非对称催化化学、手性识别、生物结构等多学科领域的应用,引起了人们极大的兴趣。本文综述了氮杂环配体自组装螺旋结构配位聚合物的最新进展,按照咪唑、三唑、吡啶、嘧啶及其衍生物配体分类总结了它们构建螺旋配位聚合物的结构,并简述了通过自发手性识别过程得到纯手性螺旋配位聚合物的影响因素,展望了具有螺旋链状配位聚合物的发展前景以及其开发应用潜能。     

Synthesis and characterization of poly(2,6-diarylphenylene oxide)s

The oxidative polymerization of 2,6-diphenylphenol that contains substituents (fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, cyano, t-butyl, phenoxy, methoxy, phthalimidyl) in the para-positions of the pendant phenyl groups is described. The melting points of the monomers, with some exceptions, correlate with the glass transition temperatures and the melting points of the corresponding polymers. Random copolymers of some of these phenols with 2,6-diphenylphenol have also been prepared and characterized. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Fluorine substitutent effects on poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene ether)

A series of fluoro-substituted poly(2,6-diphenylphenylene ether)s (P₃O) with systematically varied structures were prepared. The properties of the polymers change significantly with the variations in the polymer structures. By increasing the number of fluorine substituents on P₃O polymer, the melting points and the tendency to crystallize for these polymers decrease significantly. Random copolymers from fluoro-substituted 2,6-diphenylphenols and 2,6-diphenylphenol were also prepared. The influence of copolymer structure on the transition temperatures and crystallinity of the resulting copolymers is described. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Polymerization of 2,6-diarylphenols

The oxidative polymerization of 2,6-diarylphenols that contain substituents (? CH₃, ? OCH₃, and, -phenyl) in the para positions of the pendant phenyl groups is described. Copolymers of these phenols with 2,6-diphenylphenol and blends of the polymers have also been studied.     

2,6-萘二甲酸构筑配合物的研究进展

2,6-萘二甲酸是一个具有多个配位原子的线性刚性配体,迄今,已报道的2,6-萘二甲酸构筑的配合物有100多个,它们展现了丰富的拓扑结构和潜在的应用价值。本文总结了2,6-萘二甲酸配体的结构特点以及配位模式,并按照金属离子的种类对2,6-萘二甲酸配合物进行分类归纳总结。着重介绍了2,6-萘二甲酸配合物在气体吸附分离、光致发光、磁性及多相催化方面的应用性质,对该类配合物的发展前景进行了展望。     

Synthesis and properties of aromatic polyamides derived from 2,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene and various aromatic dicarboxylic acids

2,6-Bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene (2,6-BAPON) was synthesized in two steps from the condensation of 2,6-dihydroxynaphthalene with p-chloronitrobenzene in the presence of potassium carbonate, giving 2,6-bis(4-nitrophenoxy)naphthalene, followed by hydrazine hydrate/Pd—C reduction. A series of new polyamides were synthesized by the direct polycondensation of 2,6-BAPON with various aromatic dicarboxylic acids in the N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) solution containing dissolved metal salts such as CaCl₂ or LiCl using triphenyl phosphite and pyridine as condensing agents. The polymers were obtained in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.62–2.50 dL/g. Most of the polymers were soluble in aprotic dipolar solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc) and NMP, and they could be solution cast into transparent, flexible, and tough films. The casting films had yield strengths of 84–105 MPa, tensile strengths of 68–95 MPa, elongations at break of 8–36%, and tensile moduli of 1.4–2.1 GPa. The glass transition temperatures of the polyamides were in the range 155–225°C, and their 10% weight loss temperatures were above 505°C in nitrogen and above 474°C in air. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 2147–2156, 1997     

The synthesis,characterization, and crystal structures of poly(2,6‐naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) and poly(1,5‐naphthalenebenzobisoxazole)

The rigid‐rod polymers, poly(2,6‐naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) (Naph‐2,6‐PBO) and poly(1,5‐naphthalenebenzobisoxazole) (Naph‐1,5‐PBO) were synthesized by high temperature polycondensation of isomeric naphthalene dicarboxylic acids with 4,6‐diaminoresorcinol dihydrochloride in polyphosphoric acid. Expectedly, these polymers were found to have high thermal as well as thermooxidative stabilities, similar to what has been reported for other polymers of this class. The chain conformations of Naph‐2,6‐PBO and Naph‐1,5‐PBO were trans and the crystal structures of Naph‐2,6‐PBO and Naph‐1,5‐PBO had the three‐dimensional order, although the axial disorder existed for both Naph‐2,6‐PBO and Naph‐1,5‐PBO. Naph‐2,6‐PBO exhibited a more pronounced axial disorder than Naph‐1,5‐PBO because of its more linear shape. The repeat unit distance for Naph‐2,6‐PBO (14.15 Å) was found to be larger compared with that of Naph‐1,5‐PBO (12.45 Å) because of the more kinked structure of the latter. The extents of staggering between the adjacent chains in the ac projection of the crystal structure were 0.25c and 0.23c for Naph‐2,6‐PBO and Naph‐1,5‐PBO, respectively. Naph‐1,5‐PBO has a more kinked and twisted chain structure relative to Naph‐2,6‐PBO. The kinked and twisted chain structure of Naph‐1,5‐PBO in the crystal seems to prevent slippage between adjacent chains in the crystal structure. The more perfect crystal structure of Naph‐1,5‐PBO may be due to this difficulty in the occurrence of the slippage. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 44: 1948–1957, 2006     

New poly(amide–imide) syntheses. XXI. Synthesis and properties of aromatic poly(amide–imide)s based on 2,6-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)naphthalene and aromatic diamines

A novel polymer-forming diimide–diacid, 2,6-bis(4-trimellitimidophenoxy)naphthalene, was prepared by the condensation reaction of 2,6-bis(4-aminophenoxy)naphthalene with trimellitic anhydride (TMA). A series of novel aromatic poly(amide–imide)s containing 2,6-bis(phenoxy)naphthalene units were prepared by the direct polycondensation of the diimide–diacid with various aromatic diamines using triphenyl phosphite (TPP) in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP)/pyridine solution containing dissolved calcium chloride. Thirteen of the obtained polymers had inherent viscosities above 1.01 dL/g and up to 2.30 dL/g. Most of polymers were soluble in polar solvents such as DMAc and could be cast from their DMAc solutions into transparent, flexible, and tough films. These films had tensile strengths of 79–117 MPa, elongation-at-break of 7–61%, and initial moduli of 2.2–3.0 GPa. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction revealed that some polymers are partially crystalline. The glass transition temperatures of some polymers could be determined with the help of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) traces, which were recorded in the range 232–300°C. All the poly(amide–imide)s exhibited no appreciable decomposition below 450°C, and their 10% weight loss temperatures were recorded in the range 511–577°C in nitrogen and 497–601°C in air. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 919–927, 1998     

2,6-二氯二苯胺的新合成法

A new method for synthesizing 2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine was presented in this article.2,6-dichlorodiphenylamine is the key intermediate for the preparing of diclofenac sodium.It was synthesized in a one-shot reaction with 2,6-dichlorophenol,a solution of sodium methoxide in methanol,methyl chloroacetate,aniline,and sodium hydroxide as raw materials by the acid-base neutralization,etherification,ammonolysis of ester,Smiles rearrangement of amide,and alcoholysis or hydrolysis of the rearrangement product.Based on many times of experiment,the best technological condition was found.The yield of target compound was about 91%.     

Functional polymers. XLVII. Synthesis of various derivatives of ω-alkenoates

A number of derivatives of ω-alkenoates were synthesized in preparation for the synthesis of functional polymers based on α-olefins. For the preparation of most of the methyl esters, the regular esterification of ω-alkenoic acids, specifically 10-undecenoic acid with methanol and sulfuric acid as the catalyst, was most effective. For the preparation of the tert-butyl- and 2-ethylhexyl esters of 10-undecenoic acid, the acid chloride route was found to be most convenient, whereas for the preparation of the corresponding esters of 5-hexenoic acid, our method of choice was the synthesis via the imidazolyl derivative of the acid. 2,2,2-Trifluoroethyl 10-undecenoate and the 2,2-dimethyloxazolidine derivative of 10-undecenoic acid were prepared from the acid and 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol or 2-amino-2-methyl-propanol with p-toluene sulfonic acid as the catalyst. Esters of phenol, 2,6-dimethylphenol, and 2,6-diphenylphenol were synthesized from 3-butenoic and 10-undecenoic acid with trifluoroacetic anhydride.     

OXIDATIVE POLYMERIZATION OF 2,6-DISUBSTITUTED PHENOLS CATALYZED BY IRON-SALEN COMPLEX

Oxidative polymerization of 2,6-disubstituted phenols has been performed by using iron(III)-salen complex and hydrogen peroxide as catalyst and oxidizing agent, respectively. The oxidative reaction of 2,6-dimethylphenol produced the polymer along with a byproduct dimer of 3,5,3',5'-tetramethyl-4,4'-dipheno-quinone. The addition of pyridine suppressed the formation of the dimer to mainly give the polymer with molecular weight of more than 1×10⁴ in high yields. From NMR analysis, the polymer was found to consist of exclusively 1,4-oxyphenylene unit. Effects of the solvent composition, added amount and type of amine, and catalyst amount have been systematically investigated. 2-Allyl-6-methylphenol and 2,6-diphenylphenol produced the corresponding polymer under the similar polymerizaconditions, whereas the formation of C-C coupling dimer was observed in using 2,6-diisopropylphenol and 2,6-dimethoxyphenol as monomer.