谐振子势阱囚禁玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

基于Thomas-Fermi半经典近似研究了谐振子势阱约束下任意维理想玻色气体的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC).导出了玻色气体的BEC转变温度、基态粒子占据比例、内能和热容量等物理量的解析表达式,讨论了空间维度和谐振子势阱的影响.以二维和三维玻色系统为例,数值计算了上述热力学量,并与解析结果进行了对比,二者获得了较好的吻合.     

非谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的数值计算

从G-P平均势场理论出发,探讨了玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的G-P方程的一维形式,用数值计算方法研究了非谐势阱中非理想玻色凝聚气体的基态和第一激发态解.给出了能量随非线性系数的变化规律.     

三维简谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的边界效应

在定义特征长度的基础上,应用Euler–MacLaurin公式,研究了理想玻色气体在三维简谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的边界效应.结果表明:粒子的凝聚分数由于有限尺度和有限粒子数效应而减小,修正的凝聚分数和凝聚温度由于边界效应存在一个极大值,选择优化的最佳势阱参数,可以有效提高凝聚分数和凝聚温度;热容量的跃变存在边界效应和粒子数效应,选择合理的势阱参数时,热容量的跃变存在一个极小值.导出了简谐势阱中有限理想玻色气体的状态方程,揭示了压强的各向异性(或各向同性)取决于简谐势频率的各向异性(或各向同性).     

谐振势阱中有弱相互作用的玻色爱因斯坦凝聚

应用数值计算的方法计算了谐振势阱中有弱相互作用的玻色气体凝聚的临界温度和基态占据库，计算结果表明，二者都随着散射长度的增大而减小；但与理想玻色气体相比仅差约０．４％。     

势场中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度

给出了不同于文献的势场中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚临界温度表达式.结果揭示了势场中理想玻色子气体凝聚的临界温度与势场之间的关系，表明势场中临界温度正比于无势场情况下临界温度T０ｃ，还给出了势场的有效性判据.势场的有效性是势场与玻尔兹曼常数k和无势场情况下临界温度Ｔ０ｃ乘积ｋＴ０ｃ的比较.当势场接近或大于ｋＴ０c时，临界温度会有效增加;当势场远小于ｋＴ０c时, 势场是无效的. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 临界温度 势阱     

三势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的开关特性

应用平均场近似的方法,研究了弱耦合的三势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的开关效应.当粒子置于左阱时,可以通过在中间势阱中加入少量粒子控制左阱粒子向右阱的隧穿,从而呈现出明显的导通与截止行为.对中间势阱的深度和相对相位的影响也进行了讨论,并指出了该理论模型的一些潜在应用前景. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 开关效应 三势阱 平均场近似     

三维非谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的数值计算

本文从G-P平均势场理论出发,探讨了三维球对称非谐势阱中玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)的G-P方程;用数值计算方法研究了三维球对称非谐势阱中原子间有相互作用的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚气体的基态解;分析了非谐振势能项对玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的分布、能量和化学势的影响.     

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚在中国科学院上海光机所实现

文章报道了在稀薄87Rb原子气体中观测到的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(BEC)现象.在四极矩和Ioffe组合磁阱(QUIC)中装载了1×10\\+8个原子,经过19s蒸发冷却达到了相变条件.在高原子密度的情况下,文章作者观察到了BEC对探测光的衍射光环.这时降低磁阱势垒和绝热的放开冷原子样品,我们拍摄到冷原子和BEC的吸收像.根据数据拟合满足双高斯分布,表明发生了BEC相变.相变温度约215nK,凝聚的原子数约为5×10\\+4.     

噪声对双势阱玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系自俘获现象的影响

研究了对称双势阱玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体系(BEC)存在均匀噪声或高斯噪声时的自俘获现象.结果发现噪声的存在破坏了自俘获现象的临界行为特征，使得原来约瑟夫森振荡和自俘获之间的临界点变成了一个过渡区域，而且噪声强度越大，这个过渡区域展得越宽.同时发现，对于确定的相互作用强度，当噪声强度增大到一定程度时，相平面会出现混乱，如果这时固定噪声强度增大相互作用强度，相平面中的轨道会重新出现.对纯量子系统加噪声后，自俘获同样不存在临界值，而是存在一个临界区域，且随噪声的增强临界区域会展宽.与平均场近似情况下不同的是，纯量子情况下噪声促进自俘获的产生，且噪声越强自俘获越明显. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 自俘获 双势阱 噪声     

简谐势阱中具有吸引相互作用原子体系的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚

给出了简谐势阱中具有吸引相互作用原子体系的非线性定态薛定谔方程的基态解,得到了凝 聚原子数随能量本征值变化的双稳态曲线.并由此得到与实验报道相符的吸引型玻色-爱因斯 坦凝聚体所能包含的最大原子数. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 双稳态     

低维俘获原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚中的有限粒子数效应

基于Thomas-Fermi近似,通过对配分函数的高温展开确定了体系的有效态密度，得到了在忽略相互作用下，低维受俘获原子玻色爱因斯坦凝聚的临界温度,并计算出了临界温度附近体系的比热容随温度的变化行为.研究结果表明：二维情况下，体系的比热容c正比于T²;而在一维情况下，c随温度呈线性增加. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 有限粒子数 低维束缚势 Thomas-Fermi近似     

Thermodynamics of a two-dimensional interacting Bose gas trapped in a quartic potential

We have studied the Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of an interacting Bose gas confined in a two-dimensional (2D) quartic potential by using a mean-field, semiclassical two-fluid model. A thermodynamic analysis including the chemical potential, condensate fraction, total energy, and specific heat has been carried out by considering different values of the interaction strength. Finally, we have found that the behaviour of the condensate fraction and specific heat of quartically trapped bosons differs from those of bosons trapped in a harmonic potential.     

囚禁弱相互作用玻色气体的势场优化准则

根据Thomas-Fermi近似,在基于最小动量态上玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚的前提下,研究了囚禁弱相互作用玻色气体势场的最优化问题.导出了指数吸引势阱中有效势场和粒子数极限判据,粒子数给定时,可由此判据求出所需势场强度;势场强度给定时,可由此判据求出粒子数极限.根据吸引相互作用系统的稳定性以及求出的排斥相互作用的最大粒子数极限,结合有效势场判据,分别给出了囚禁吸引和排斥相互作用玻色气体时,势场强度的最佳取值范围. 关键词： 玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚 弱相互作用 粒子数极限 势场强度     

Critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation in an external potential

Based on Bose-Einstein condensation at minimized momentum state, we get the expressions for the critical temperature and condensed fraction of Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) in an external potential in the three-dimensional (3D) case. For the 1D and 2D cases, we present not only the critical temperature and corresponding particles but also the condition of BEC occurrence.     

Application of potential harmonic expansion method to BEC: Thermodynamic properties of trapped23Na atoms

We adopt the potential harmonics expansion method for anab initio solution of the many-body system in a Bose condensate containing interacting bosons. Unlike commonly adopted mean-field theories, our method is capable of handling two-body correlation properly. We disregard three- and higher-body correlations. This simplification is ideally suited to dilute Bose Einstein condensates, whose number density is required to be so small that the interparticle separation is much larger than the range of two-body interaction to avoid three- and higher-body collisions, leading to the formation of molecules and consequent instability of the condensate. In our method we can incorporate realistic finite range interactions. We calculate energies of low-lying states of a condensate containing²³Na atoms and some thermodynamical properties of the condensate.     

Bose-Einstein condensation in dense quark matter

We consider the problem of Bose condensation of charged pions in QCD at finite isospin chemical potential μ_I using the O(4)-symmetric linear sigma model as an effective field theory for two-flavor QCD. Using the 2PI 1/N-expansion, we determine the quasiparticle masses as well as the pion and chiral condensates as a function of the temperature and isospin chemical potential in the chiral limit and at the physical point. The calculations show that there is a competition between the condensates. At T=0, Bose condensation takes place for chemical potentials larger than μ_π. In the chiral limit, the chiral condensate vanishes for any finite value of μ_I.     

Critical temperature of Bose-Einstein condensation for weakly interacting bose gas in a potential trap

It has been a long history to study Bose-Einstein condensation (BEC) of weakly in-teracting Bose gas, and several theoretical models have been developed to research uni-form and weakly interacting Bose gas. Ref. [1] summarized all of these models and the corresponding results, which gave a derivation of critical temperature from ideal case 1/30Tc c n,?T = α (1) with a wide spread of parameter c from 0.7 to 2.33, where α is the scattering length of s wave and n is atom number density. Due…