Stochastic disk dynamo as a model of reversals of the earth's magnetic field

A stochastic model is given of a system composed ofN similar disk dynamos interacting with one another. The time evolution of the system is governed by a master equation of the class introduced by van Kampen as relevant to stochastic macrosystems. In the model, reversals of the earth's magnetic field are regarded as large deviations caused by a small random force ofO(N ^–1/2) from one of the field polarities to the other. Reversal processes are studied by simulation, which shows that the model explains well the activities of the palaeomagnetic field inclusive of statistical laws of the reversal sequence and the intensity distribution. Comparisons are made between the model and dynamical disk dynamo models.     

The effect of magnetic field on plasma particles in dusty plasma

In this work, we present the investigation of the formation features and internal structure of dust clouds created in plasma of glow discharge in the external magnetic field corresponding to a range of moderate and strong fields, at which the ion component is magnetized. The analysis of the plasma magnetization in the presence of dust components is carried out. We defined the values of magnetic induction at which the changes in dynamics of plasma particles in magnetic field in light inert gases are expected. The experimental setup was built in two versions. For the purpose of generating of magnetic field, the first setup was equipped with ordinary magnetic coils, and the second one included a superconducting solenoid. The discharge tubes, the main chambers where plasma was ignited and maintained in a glow discharge in lowered pressure, also have certain peculiarities, which we describe below. While using helium as a bulk gas, our study focused only on the dust trap in the region of narrowing discharge current. For neon, we used two traps: the striation trap and one just mentioned above placed in the narrowing of the discharge tube. As a result, the steady dust structures in a glow discharge under the magnetization of ions and electrons were obtained for the first time. Dust structures were rotated and tended to form a dust cluster and shell structure. A number of parameters of magnetization achieved in experiments were calculated.     

Central discontinuous Galerkin methods for ideal MHD equations with the exactly divergence-free magnetic field

In this paper, central discontinuous Galerkin methods are developed for solving ideal magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations. The methods are based on the original central discontinuous Galerkin methods designed for hyperbolic conservation laws on overlapping meshes, and use different discretization for magnetic induction equations. The resulting schemes carry many features of standard central discontinuous Galerkin methods such as high order accuracy and being free of exact or approximate Riemann solvers. And more importantly, the numerical magnetic field is exactly divergence-free. Such property, desired in reliable simulations of MHD equations, is achieved by first approximating the normal component of the magnetic field through discretizing induction equations on the mesh skeleton, namely, the element interfaces. And then it is followed by an element-by-element divergence-free reconstruction with the matching accuracy. Numerical examples are presented to demonstrate the high order accuracy and the robustness of the schemes.     

直线感应加速器中聚束磁场的数值计算方法

为了准确模拟出直线感应加速器中聚束磁场的值,首先利用单积分法计算出理想情况下的聚束磁场的值,再进一步用磁路分析的方法考虑直线感应加速器的加速腔中匀场环对聚束磁场的影响,然后推导出一组偏离角度与磁场分量相关的公式。将最终得到的聚束磁场分量与直线感应加速器模型结合起来,采用粒子模拟的方法来模拟电子束在加速段中的输运过程,并对结果加以分析。     

霍尔漂移对阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器电离效率的影响

以洛伦兹变换方法为基础,分析了阳极层霍尔等离子体加速器中电子的霍尔漂移,结果表明在交叉场中,霍尔漂移并不总是存在的,E/B的比值大于光速时,霍尔漂移将不存在.进一步的分析表明,霍尔漂移也并不总是回旋形式的,不同的电磁场配置以及不同的电子初始能量将带来不同形式的漂移,包括回旋形式,波浪线形式,甚至直线形式.电磁场的配置也决定着霍尔漂移的速度,在很大程度上影响着电子的能量,这就决定了放电时的电离效率.对不同电磁场配置进行数值模拟发现,合理的电磁场比值能够得到更好的电离效率(对于氩,这个数值大约为4×10⁶).不同的气体,根据其电离碰撞截面与电子能量的关系,都有不同的合理比值.     

Acceleration of plasma clusters in the accelerator with external magnetic field

The present paper deals with a theoretical model of the plasma cluster movement in an external magnetic field. The solutions made on a computer show the essential influence of the collision processes on the utilization of the magnetic field energy for the accelerating process.     

Dispersion of kinetic Alfvén wave in a rotating plasma with an inhomogeneous magnetic field

The effects of inhomogeneity of a magnetic field on the dispersion of kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in a rotating plasma is investigated under the framework of magnetohydrodynamic theory. The magnetic field should be in a non‐uniform state if the centrifugal force is balanced only by the magnetic pressure. The inhomogeneity of the magnetic field increases the frequency of KAW and drives it into an unstable state. The growth rate of KAW varies non‐monotonously with respect to the distance. The KAW will be excited in a certain region with maximum growth rate. And the growth rate of KAW in the region near and far from the centre of rotation approaches zero. These results will be helpful in understanding the properties of KAWs in rotating astrophysical and laboratory plasmas.     

外加磁场微波等离子推力器内流场数值模拟

为了提高微波等离子推力器性能，改善等离子体对电磁波能量的吸收状况，提高核心区温度，提出外加磁场的方案，并对热等离子体进行了数值模拟.假设局域热平衡条件，采用Navier-Stokes，Maxwell和Saha方程，利用压力修正的半隐格式和时域有限差分求解方法，建立了径向磁镜场下推力器内等离子体流场的数值计算模型.数值模拟结果表明：外加磁场后的磁感应强度小于0.5 T时，推力器内热等离子体核心区最高温度随磁感应强度的增加而迅速提高.外加磁场后的磁感应强度大于0.5 T时，核心区最高温度随磁感应强度的增加而缓慢提高.磁感应强度为0.5 T时，热等离子体核心区最高温度与不加磁场相比提高了24%.外加磁场对等离子体流场速度分布影响不大. 关键词： 等离子体模拟 等离子体相互作用 等离子体流动     

直线感应加速器输运磁场遗传算法优化

以直线感应加速器（LIA）匹配磁场设计和束线调谐为背景,提出解决强流相对论电子束长距离、小波动、多元件磁约束的输运优化问题的数值优化办法,建立基于遗传算法的优化程序。结合束质心轨迹及束包络耦合模型,设计描述束传输半径波动大小的评价函数,采用励磁元件馈入电流为优化对象,解决LIA磁场配置组合爆炸优化问题。计算结果表明：优化程序可依据不同的初始束流,有针对性地快速给出一组符合束输运要求的励磁电流配置。研究成果为在建的LIA装置束线调谐提供一种重要的数值分析工具。     

非均匀磁场中自由表面液态射流的MHD稳定性分析

基于在液态金属实验回路上的实验,对非均匀磁场中液态金属射流的MHD稳定性进行了研究,建立了一个描述射流性能的简化模型。由此简化模型所得的结果与从实验获得的结果相比较表明,它们相当吻合,并发现在此液态金属射流中存在一个固有稳定性区域。     

Measurement of the Hall dynamo effect during magnetic reconnection in a high-temperature plasma

The fluctuation-induced Hall electromotive force, [deltaJ x deltaB]/nee, is experimentally measured in the high-temperature interior of a reversed-field pinch plasma by a fast Faraday rotation diagnostic. It is found that the Hall dynamo effect is significant, redistributing (flattening) the equilibrium core current near the resonant surface during a reconnection event. These results imply that effects beyond single-fluid MHD are important for the dynamo and magnetic reconnection.     

Pair production from hot plasma in the presence of a strong magnetic field

Acta physica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae - Radiation loss due to pair production by an intense electromagnetic wave is calculated. The calculations were made in the coulomb field of the ions...     

The effect of toroidal field on the rotating magnetic field current drive in rotamak plasmas

A rotamak is one kind of compact spherically shaped magnetic-confinement device. In a rotamak the plasma current is driven by means of rotating magnetic field （RMF）. The driven current can reverse the original equilibrium field and generate a field-reversed-configuration. In a conventional rotamak, a toroidal field （TF） is not necessary for the RMF to drive plasma current, but it was found that the present of an additional TF can influence the RMF current drive. In this paper the effect of TF on the RMF current drive in a rotamak are investigated in some detail. The experimental results show that addition of TF increases the RMF driven current greatly and enhances the RMF penetration dramatically. Without TF, the RMF can only penetrate into plasma in the edge region. When a TF is added, the RMF can reach almost the whole plasma region. This is an optimal strength of toroidal magnetic field for getting maximum plasma current when Bv and radio frequency generator power are fixed. Besides driving current, the RMF generates high harmonic fields in rotamak plasma. The effect of TF on the harmonic field spectra are also reported.[第一段]     

外加磁场微波等离子体喷流对平面电磁波衰减的实验研究

采用空间透射波测量方法,实验研究透波密闭石英玻璃容器内等离子体喷流对垂直和水平极化电磁波的衰减,在有和无外加磁场条件下分析实验参数对等离子吸波效应的影响,分析等离子体的吸波机理.实验结果表明在非磁和本实验条件下,平面电磁波在等离子体中的衰减机理为碰撞吸收;在有磁和本实验条件下,平面电磁波在磁等离子体中的衰减机理同样为碰撞吸收,但是外加磁场的存在有限地改善了等离子体的吸波效应.为了使磁等离子体最有效地吸收电磁波,应该提高磁场感应强度,把高频混杂频率提高到测试微波频率范围内,或降低微波测试频率至本实验中的高混 关键词： 等离子体相互作用 电磁波 电磁波在等离子体中的传输     

Determination of electron temperature based on a semicoronal model in Hall accelerator plasma flows

We present the results of a spectroscopic study of a nonequilibrium plasma in a Hall accelerator, in particular for such an important parameter as the electron temperature. For the studied conditions, we used the semicoronal equilibrium model, which relates the intensity ratios for two successive ionization steps for the same element. __________ Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 74, No. 1, pp. 93–96, January–February, 2007.     

Characteristic behaviour of plasma fluctuations inside a plasma bubble in presence of a magnetic field due to the formation of a potential well

Experiments were carried out to observe the effect of a magnetic field and grid biasing voltage in presence of a plasma bubble in a magnetized, filamentary discharge plasma system. A spherical mesh grid of 80% optical transparency was negatively biased and introduced into the plasma for creating a plasma bubble. Diagnostics via an electrical Langmuir probe and a hot emissive probe were extensively used for scanning the plasma bubble. Plasma floating potential fluctuations were measured at three different positions of the plasma bubble. The instability in the pattern showed the dynamic transition from periodic to chaotic for increasing magnetic fields. Time scale analysis using continuous wavelet transform was carried out to identify the presence of non‐linearity from the contour plots. The mechanisms of the low‐frequency instabilities along with the transition to chaos could be qualitatively explained. Non‐linear techniques such as fast Fourier transform, phase space plot, and recurrence plot were used to explore the dynamics of the system appearing during plasma fluctuations. In order to demonstrate the observed chaotic phenomena in this study, characteristics of chaos such as the Lyapunov exponent were obtained from experimental time series data. The experimentally observed potential structure is confirmed with numerical analysis based on fluid hydrodynamics.     

The sheath criterion for a collisional plasma sheath at the presence of external magnetic field

The Bohm sheath criterion is modified for collisional plasma containing Boltzmann electrons and cold fluid ions at the presence of external magnetic field. Based on fluid model, the effects of the strength and the orientation of an external magnetic field on the upper and lower limits of Bohm sheath criterion have been studied by considering the collision frequency between ions and neutrals. The results show that the sheath criterion depends on the orientation and magnitude of magnetic field and the ion flow velocity at the sheath boundary.     

Dependence of magnetic field generation by thermal convection on the rotation rate: A case study

Dependence of magnetic field generation on the rotation rate is explored by direct numerical simulation of magnetohydrodynamic convective attractors in a plane layer of conducting fluid with square periodicity cells for the Taylor number varied from zero to 2000, for which the convective fluid motion halts (other parameters of the system are fixed). We observe 5 types of hydrodynamic (amagnetic) attractors: two families of two-dimensional (i.e. depending on two spatial variables) rolls parallel to sides of periodicity boxes of different widths and parallel to the diagonal, travelling waves and three-dimensional “wavy” rolls. All types of attractors, except for one family of rolls, are capable of kinematic magnetic field generation. We have found 21 distinct nonlinear convective MHD attractors (13 steady states and 8 periodic regimes) and identified bifurcations in which they emerge. In addition, we have observed a family of periodic, two-frequency quasiperiodic and chaotic regimes, as well as an incomplete Feigenbaum period doubling sequence of bifurcations of a torus followed by a chaotic regime and subsequently by a torus with 1/3 of the cascade frequency. The system is highly symmetric. We have found two novel global bifurcations reminiscent of the SNIC bifurcation, which are only possible in the presence of symmetries. The universally accepted paradigm, whereby an increase of the rotation rate below a certain level is beneficial for magnetic field generation, while a further increase inhibits it (and halts the motion of fluid on continuing the increase), remains unaltered, but we demonstrate that this “large-scale” picture lacks many significant details.     

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介绍了弧光放电等离子体与梯度磁场相结合来处理植物种子这一新兴的等离子体生物技术。给出了番茄种子(中蔬6号)经不同参数的磁化等离子体处理后的生物效应及种子的抗旱性对比。结果表明:种子中脯氨酸含量明显提高,说明磁化等离子体能通过降低细胞渗透势来增加番茄抗旱性;SOD、POD活性、根系活力和ATP含量增加,表明磁化等离子体可以通过清除植物体内自由基和增强代谢来增加番茄对水分胁迫的抗性。     

Implosion of plasma liners in the presence of an axial magnetic field

Based on a radiative magnetohydrodynamic model, a numerical investigation is made of the implosion of single- and two-stage plasma liners with an initial axial magnetic field. The radiative magnetohydrodynamic model includes the equations of two-temperature hydrodynamics taking into account the electron and ion thermal conductivity, the electromagnetic field equations, and the equations of radiative transfer in a nonequilibrium medium. It is shown that in the case of a single-stage liner the implosion takes place in a subsonic regime, while the dynamics of a two-stage liner is determined by that of the propagation of shock waves of various intensities through the inner stage. Institute of High-Current Electronics, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 6–15. December, 1995.