偏滤器运行模式对托卡马克边缘区等离子体平行流的影响

我们使用一维流体模型,根据在不同偏滤器运行模式下静压强沿着磁力线方向的分布变化,讨论了偏滤器运行模式对托卡马克边缘区等离子体平行流的影响.低再循环模式下,静压强从X点 (X-point)附近的刮削层区域开始明显下降,变化趋势与密度变化趋势一致;等离子体平行流的马赫数在偏滤器区域逐步变大,变化从平缓到迅速.高再循环模式下,静压强在靶板附近的区域迅速下降,在其他区域变化非常小;等离子体平行流的马赫数仅在靠近靶板附近的区域迅速变大,在其他区域变化平缓.在弱脱靶模式下的静压强变化与高再循环模式下类似,不过静压强在X-point附近的刮削层区域开始出现下降的趋势,导致等离子体平行流的马赫数在X-point处的值比在高再循环模式下大.强脱靶模式下,静压强在刮削层区域开始明显下降,在远离靶板的偏滤器区域,静压强迅速下降的地方,观察到高马赫数等离子体平行流.静压强迅速下降引起动压强迅速上升来维持总的压强守恒是在强脱靶状态 下产生高马赫数平行流的一种可能驱动机理.     

Evolution of the high-field-side radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in EAST tokamak

Divertor detachment achieved by injecting impurities or increasing density is always accompanied with various local radiation phenomena in the boundary or core plasma. This paper presents the formation and evolution of the high-field-side (HFS) radiation belts during the neon seeding plasma discharge in upper single null configuration with two directions of toroidal magnetic field in EAST tokamak. The neon mixed with deuterium seeding can induce the divertor detachment with strong radiation belts in the HFS scrape-off layer (SOL) region. With the increase of the radiation power, the plasma discharge will transit from H-mode to L-mode, and meanwhile the radiation belts move away from the near X-point to HFS SOL. When the radiation power is high enough, the radiation belts begin to move further to the other X-point along the HFS SOL, and even cause plasma disruption. The results indicate that the behavior of the radiation belts is related to the radiation power, plasma confinement performance and state of divertor detachment, which is useful for developing better feedback control methods to achieve high-performance radiative divertor operation mode.     

HL-2M等离子体对共振磁扰动线圈电流相位响应的模拟

在HL-2M托卡马克平衡位形(Ip=1.0MA,βN=1.62,q95=4.01)下,使用环形单流体程序MARS-F研究了等离子体对共振磁扰动(RMP)线圈电流相位差的响应.在最优相位差时,扰动磁场显著地改变边界层磁场的拓扑,形成明显的磁岛链,增加了等离子体在边界层的输运,降低了压强梯度,减小了对ELM的驱动.模拟结果...     

Effect of resonant magnetic perturbations on edge plasma parameters in the STOR-M tokamak

Edge plasma properties have been modified in the Saskatchewan Torus-Modified tokamak by means of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMP). It has been found that the radial profiles of ion saturation current and floating potential in the edge region can be modified by an externally applied static (m?=?2, n?=?1) RMP field. An increase in the pedestal plasma density (n) and more negative electric field (E_r) have been observed in the plasma edge region. It is believed that the RMP field altered the plasma transport in the edge and scrape-off layer regions, leading to a higher density pedestal and a potential drop in some cases. During the enhanced confinement phase, it is possible to identify a region where intermittent transport events, the so-called blobs, are created and the holes of lower density left behind.     

平行速度剪切驱动湍流引起的粒子输运

通过离子温度梯度及平行速度剪切的准线性湍流理论，得到了由杂质离子及抵频E×B湍流所驱动的径向离子流及相应的输运系数．理论分析表明，主要离子和杂质离子的径向离子流具有相反的方向，并随着平衡流速剪切以及杂质离子的密度梯度的变化而改变．增强平行速度剪切对主要离子的约束可产生有利影响 关键词：     

Study of multiple impurity seeding effect using SONIC integrated divertor code for JT-60SA plasma prediction

In order to study the potential impurity seeding operation regime of the future fusion devices, the first application of the integrated divertor code SONIC to the Ar + Ne mixed-impurity seeding operation of JT-60SA steady-state high-β plasma has been carried out. In the case, Ne is added to Ar-only seeding, the separatrix electron density has fell into the desired low separatrix electron density of the scenario. This is mainly because the D⁺ flow velocity towards the inner divertor has been increased by the Ne seeding. The resultant friction force transports Ar impurities towards the inner divertor region, while impurities are stagnated in the top of scrape-off layer (SOL) in the Ar-only seeding case. The higher impurity radiation power in the divertor regions and lower one in the SOL region above the X point have been obtained in mixed-impurity seeding cases, which show similar tendency as the Ar + Ne mixed-impurity seeding experiment in JT-60 U. At the core edge, Z_eff has been slightly increased and the radiation power has been decreased as the Ne seeding rate increases. The core plasma/impurity transport has been also evaluated by the TOPICS code using the impurity density at the core edge computed by the SONIC as a boundary parameter. The results show lower Z_eff and radiation power, and higher electron temperature in the core in the mixed-impurity seeding cases. Above possible contributors to the better energy confinement indicate that the mixed-impurity seeding operation might be more effective than Ar-only seeding operation.     

Correlation of Radiation with Operating Parameters during PLT Neutral Injection

Changes in impurity radiation during injection of neutral beams into the Princeton Large Torus (PLT) tokamak have been studied using both a soft X-ray detector and a scanning bolometer. The direction of injection with respect to the plasma current is found to be the most consistently significant factor. Injection counter to the plasma current gives rise to more central radiation than either injection parallel to the current or simultaneous injection parallel and antiparallel to the current. In addition, injection into ungettered discharges increases the soft X-ray impurity radiation more than does injection into gettered discharges. At least for coinjection, the change in soft X-ray impurity radiation tends to be less at higher preinjection electron densities than at lower ones.     

Electron acceleration during magnetic islands coalescence and division process in a guide field reconnection

The magnetic merging process related to pairwise magnetic islands coalescence is investigated by two-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations with a guide field.Owing to the force of attraction between parallel currents within the initial magnetic islands,the magnetic islands begin to approach each other and merge into one big island.We find that this newly formed island is unstable and can be divided into two small magnetic islands spontaneously.Lastly,these two small islands merge again.We follow the time evolution of this process,in which the contributions of three mechanisms of electron acceleration at different stages,including the Fermi,parallel electric field,and betatron mechanisms,are studied with the guide center theory.     

Modeling of Large ELM Suppressions for High Confinement Plasma in D Ⅲ-D

The H-mode discharges with high edge pressure gradients are expected for the economic feasibility of future fusion reactors. However, the high edge pressure gradients easily produce ELM instability , which generally can expel large, heat and particle loading to the divertor targets. These ELMs limit the core plasma performance and reduce the lifetime of divertor target plates. The transports of heat and particles outward across plasma boundary are useful to control density and impurity profiles for achieving steady state, high performance plasmas. Consequently, any technique to eliminate or mitigate large fast ELM impulses must replace the transient heat and particle transports with another slow process. Such a technique is high priority for a burning plasma device such as ITER.     

应用高速CCD诊断研究HT-7装置边界等离子体旋转

在HT-7装置上建立了一套高速CCD可见光成像诊断,测量了边界等离子体的可见光辐射成像。在HT-7装置放电中,首次观察到在等离子体边界区域存在一条极向旋转的可见光辐射带,由CCD诊断系统得到其极向旋转的频率为858Hz。根据多道H_α阵列测量得到极向旋转频率为952Hz。多道磁探针信号测量发现,等离子体内部存在m/n=3/1的电磁模,该模的旋转频率为972Hz。从电子回旋辐射诊断系统得到的电子温度剖面发现该模的磁岛宽度约为2.5cm。     

Topology of toroidal helical fields in non-circular cross-sectional tokamaks

The ordinary differential magnetic field line equations are solved numerically; the tokamak magnetic structure is studied on Hefei Tokamak-7 Upgrade （HT-TU） when the equilibrium field with a monotonic q-profile is perturbed by a helical magnetic field. We find that a single mode （m, n） helical perturbation can cause the formation of islands on rational surfaces with q=m/n and q=（m±1,±2,±3,...）/n due to the toroidicity and plasma shape （i.e. elongation and triangularity）, while there are many undestroyed magnetic surfaces called Kolmogorov-Arnold-Moser （KAM） barriers on irrational surfaces. The islands on the same rational surface do not have the same size. When the ratio between the perturbing magnetic field Br（r） and the toroidal magnetic field amplitude Bφ0 is large enough, the magnetic island chains on different rational surfaces will overlap and chaotic orbits appear in the overlapping area, and the magnetic field becomes stochastic. It is remarkable that the stochastic layer appears first in the plasma edge region.     

FEB-E动态气靶偏滤器的研究

在ＦＥＢ－Ｅ设计阶段,偏波器从开放式固定板靶优化为封闭式气体靶,以改善偏滤器的杂质控制和增加离子与气体的相互作用,通过喷气和注入杂质获得的部分脱靶等离子体形成了动态气体靶,喷气能降低删削层（ＳＯＬ）处等离子体温度,沪入的杂质增加了ＳＯＬ处的辐射功率,使靶板的负载降低,用ＮＥＷＴ１Ｄ编码模拟了ＳＯＬ处等离子体和杂质（硼杂质）的输运,得到了杂质、等离本温度和等离了体密度分布。着眼于杂质的滞留物辐射,优     

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在HT-7装置上建立了一套高速CCD可见光成像诊断,测量了边界等离子体的可见光辐射成像.在HT-7装置放电中,首次观察到在等离子体边界区域存在一条极向旋转的可见光辐射带,由CCD诊断系统得到其极向旋转的频率为858Hz.根据多道Hα阵列测量得到极向旋转频率为952Hz.多道磁探针信号测量发现,等离子体内部存在m/n=3/1的电磁模,该模的旋转频率为972Hz.从电子回旋辐射诊断系统得到的电子温度剖面发现该模的磁岛宽度约为2.5cm.     

Disruption Mitigation Using Laser Ablation of High-Z Impurities in HL-1M Tokamak

Major plasma disruptions are considered to be a serious problem for development of tokamak fusion reactors. The preliminary experiment results in HL-1M presented here describe the methods of amelioration of plasma current quench in major disruptions using laser ablation of high-Z impurities, which support the design of next generation large tokomaks like ITER. Using injection of impurity with higher electric charge can produce resistive highly radiating plasma and increase the radiation cooling of plasma to make a safe termination of the disruption. It can be possibly a simple and potential approach to decrease significantly the plasma thermal energy and magnetic energy before a disruption then obtain a safe plasma termination. The magnetic energy can be dissipated by impurity radiation .     

Radiative energy exhaust by sputtered and seeded impurities in fusion reactor

The combine effect of the seeded and sputtered impurities on the power load to the divertor plate and operation of fusion reactor is investigated in the paper. Since the energy balance depends strongly on coupling between core and scrape of layer (SOL) regions the modelling requires solving the transport problem in both region with the coupling took into account. The energy and particle transport is analyzed numerically with the help of COREDIV code treating self-consistently both regions. In COREDIV the radial 1D energy and particle transport of core plasma is coupled to 2D model of the SOL. The two types of transport model have been used: described by local transport coefficients proposed by Mandrekas and Stacey and transport model proposed by Tokar and determined by several types of drift instabilities. The 2D model is based on Braginskij-like equations for densities and velocity components parallel to magnetic fields and electron and ion temperatures (it was assumed that all ions has the same temperature). The steady states of ITER-FEAT reactor have been studied numerically. Several wall and plates materials and Argon as seeded impurities has been considered. The numerical results show that the effect of seeded impurity radiation is strongly mitigated by decreasing of sputtered impurity density and its radiation due to lower energy flowing to the SOL.     

非均匀磁场中磁流体热磁对流的实验研究

建立了测量非均匀磁场条件下圆柱腔体内磁流体热磁对流特性的实验系统,实验结果显示,磁流体热磁对流特性受磁场强度、温差以及磁场梯度方向与温度梯度方向之间关系的控制,当磁场梯度方向与温度梯度方向一致时,外加磁场强化了磁流体的热磁对流过程,且随着磁场强度和温差的增大,热磁对流强度加强。当磁场梯度方向、温度梯度方向以及重力方向三者相同时,磁流体的热磁对流强度最剧烈。     

Out-of-plane shear flow effects on fast magnetic reconnection in a two-dimensional hybrid simulation model

The effects of out-of-plane shear flows on fast magnetic reconnection are numerically investigated by a twodimensional(2D)hybrid model in an initial Harris sheet equilibrium with flows.The equilibrium and driven shear flows out of the 2D reconnection plane with symmetric and antisymmetric profiles respectively are used in the simulation.It is found that the out-of-plane flows with shears in-plane can change the quadrupolar structure of the out-of-plane magnetic field and,therefore,modify the growth rate of magnetic reconnection.Furthermore,the driven flow varying along the anti-parallel magnetic field can either enhance or reduce the reconnection rate as the direction of flow changes.Secondary islands are also generated in the process with converting the initial X-point into an O-point.     

双等离子体团相互作用的磁流体力学模拟

利用商用磁流体力学模拟程序USIM对双等离子体团相互作用过程进行了数值模拟,分别考察和比较了双对流等离子体团在外加磁场和无外加磁场情况下,相互作用的物理过程.发现在外加磁场情况下等离子体团相互作用会伴随着磁重联(反向磁场)、磁排斥(同向磁场)以及一些不稳定过程.针对激光产生等离子体团错位相互作用实验,进行了标度模拟,发现外加磁场起着重要作用,进一步表明激光等离子体的磁化特征.研究结果为下一步在神光Ⅱ激光装置进行强磁环境下等离子体实验提供理论指导.     

Absolute concentrations of light impurity ions in tokamak discharges measured with lithium-beam-activated charge-exchange spectroscopy

We demonstrate the application of Li-CXS (fast lithium-beam-activated charge exchange spectroscopy) for measuring spatially and temporally resolved impurity ion concentrations in the TEXTOR tokamak edge plasma. After briefly describing the method of Li-CXS and its capabilities, we present a model for attenuation and atomic state population of an injected Li beam due to collisional interactions with the background plasma particles, taking into account up to eight excited LiI states for considering stepwise excitation-ionization processes.Measured impurity radiation characteristics resulting from Li-activated CX of C ^q+ (q=5, 6) in ohmically heated TEXTOR plasmas are evaluated with the above model and lead to the corresponding impurity ion concentrations within the TEXTOR edge region.     

Experimental and theoretical study of quasicoherent fluctuations in enhanced D(alpha) plasmas in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak

A comparison of experimental measurements and theoretical studies of the quasicoherent (QC) mode, observed at high densities during enhanced D(alpha) (EDA) H mode in the Alcator C-Mod tokamak, are reported. The QC mode is a high frequency ( approximately 100 kHz) nearly sinusoidal fluctuation in density and magnetic field, localized in the steep density gradient ("pedestal") at the plasma edge, with typical wave numbers k(R) approximately 3-6 cm(-1), k(theta) approximately 1.3 cm(-1) (midplane). It is proposed here that the QC mode is a form of resistive ballooning mode known as the resistive X-point mode, in reasonable agreement with predictions by the BOUT (boundary-plasma turbulence) code.