分步晶化法合成ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料

通过分步晶化水热处理的方式合成了ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。研究了两种分子筛凝胶的混合方式、调节ZSM-5母液的酸类型、SAPO-5凝胶组成以及晶化时间对复合材料形成的影响。实验结果表明,简单将两种分子筛的合成凝胶混合不能得到复合材料。采用H₂SO₄调节ZSM-5合成母液的pH值,在ZSM-5与SAPO-5理论质量比为3.5、SAPO-5凝胶中P₂O₅与Al₂O₃摩尔比为1.2的条件下可以得到ZSM-5/SAPO-5复合材料。但样品中含有少量无定形物质,这些无定形通过延长晶化时间并不能完全消除。     

高硅ZSM-5分子筛和二次合成Ti-ZSM-5分子筛的结构

运用度角旋转（MAS）和交叉极化（CP）等核磁共振波谱和红外光谱技术，分别对采用不同模板剂制备的高硅ZSM－5分子筛和以此为母体，经气固同晶取代法得到Ti－ZSM－5分子筛的结构特性进行了研究．结果表明：在水热法合成高硅ZSM-5分子筛过程中，模板剂明显制约着所制得的分子筛的结构特性．通过选用合适的模板剂，可直接获得具有正交晶系结构的高硅ZSM－5分子筛．在随后的气固相同晶取代过程中，钛原子通过占据分子筛骨架中的缺陷位进入骨架，形成具有一定Ti／Si比例的钛硅分子筛（Ti－ZSM－5）。骨架结构中缺陷位的含量直接影响分子筛的载钛量。     

One-Pot Synthesis and Formation Mechanism of Hollow ZSM-5

Coffin-shaped hollow ZSM-5 zeolite (HZZ) particles with shell thickness of about 200 nm and hollow diameter of approximately 1.5 μm were synthesized in one pot by using tetrapropylammonium bromide (TPABr), aluminum triisopropoxide Al[OCH(CH₃)₂]₃ and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the structure-directing agent (SDA), aluminum and silica source, respectively. The appropriate molar ratios of TPABr/SiO₂ and Si/Al as well as suitable crystallization temperature are the key factors for the formation of HZZ. The formation of the HZZ can be attributed to the existence of intrinsic density variation inside the initial amorphous aggregates and the Al zoning in the outer surface of the ZSM-5 particles. Amorphous silica with low crystallinity formed at early stages and low Al concentration, which has been subsequently dissolved and recrystallized on the ZSM-5 particle surface through Ostwald ripening, leading to the formation of HZZ. This approach, which uses a high concentration of SDA, will provide new possibilities and insight into the prospective fabrication of hollow zeolites.     

杂原子ZSM－5分子筛催化剂上C_3H_6催化还原NO反应的研究

杂原子ＺＳＭ－５分子筛催化剂上Ｃ_３Ｈ_６催化还原ＮＯ反应的研究张文祥，贾明君，张春雷，吴通好，敖雪桔（吉林大学化学系，长春，１３００２３）（齐齐哈尔环境监测中心站）关键词杂原子分子筛，一氧化氮，催化还原ＮＯｘ对环境的危害已引起了人们的广泛重视。自Ｉｗ...     

Hydrodechlorination of chlorophenols over Pt- and Co-containing ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts

Summary Some of the chlorinated organic compounds are widely used commercially because of their advantageous chemical/physical properties or being toxic to pestiferous living substances. We have prepared and applied monometallic Co-, Pt- and bimetallic Co,Pt-ZSM-5 zeolite catalysts for hydrotreating 2- and 4-chlorophenols in the temperature range of 300-400 oC using a fixed-bed laboratory reactor system equipped with a gas chromatograph for analysis. In the reaction over the Pt-containing catalyst high initial conversion can be observed, the compounds transform to cyclohexanone, however, the activity of the catalyst decreases even during the 2 h reaction time. In the presence of Co-ZSM-5, the main reaction is simple hydrodechlorination resulting in phenol as the main product, and this catalyst is stable, and the activity does not change. The bimetallic catalyst combines the advantages (and disadvantages) of the monometallic samples. The hydroconversion of chlorophenols resulted in the formation of cyclohexanone with high initial selectivity. However, because of the relatively short catalyst lifetime further optimization is necessary before practical application.</o:p>     

Influence of template on crystallization of ZSM-5 zeolites

Pentasil zeolites of ZSM-5 type are synthesised hydrothermally using triethyl-n-proplyammonium bromide (TEPA-Br) and triethyl-n-butylammonium bromide (TEBA-Br). The crystallization kinetics, followed by XRD, SEM and thermal analysis, clearly demonstrate the influence of size and molecular weight of the templating quaternary ammonium cation (QAC) species on the rates of nucleation and crystallization. The values of the apparent activation energies for nucleation and crystal growth indicate that both nucleation and crystal growth are faster when TEPA-Br rather than TEBA-Br is used as a template. The quantitative identification of intergrown phases characterizes both the phases to be ZSM-5 zeolite. Thermoanalytical curves for both these zeolites in as-synthesised forms exhibit two-step oxidative decomposition of the occluded organic species. This suggests that the quaternary ammonium cation may be located at two energetically different sites within the zeolite channels. The equilibrium sorption capacity, however, is found to increase in the order of size and molecular weight of the templating species in both the zeolites. The nature of acid site distribution, obtained from the temperature programmed desorption of ammonia is found to be independent of the templating species used during the synthesis.     

无模板剂预晶化液添加法合成ZSM-5分子筛

研究了旋转烘箱中无模板剂条件下,预晶化液添加对合成ZSM-5分子筛的影响。系统研究了预晶化液加入量对合成分子筛晶化速率及颗粒大小的影响。采用X射线衍射,扫描电镜,N2吸附-脱附,和激光粒度分布等分析方法对合成的ZSM-5分子筛样品的物化性能进行了表征。结果表明,预晶化液的添加可以明显加快分子筛的晶化速率,预晶化液添加量为33.3wt%时达到最大结晶度的合成时间由未添加时的48 h减少到24 h。添加预晶化液的母液在150℃晶化24 h时所得ZSM-5分子筛团聚体的颗粒大小随着预晶化液加入量的增大而增大,由5.5μm增大到26.3μm。团聚体颗粒的比表面积比未添加预晶化液得到的分子筛(292 m2.g-1)有了不同程度的提高,如添加量为33.3wt%时为394 m2.g-1。对预晶化液添加法合成ZSM-5分子筛团聚体颗粒的生长机理进行了讨论。     

晶种导向下干胶法合成ZSM-5分子筛

以廉价水玻璃为硅源,在晶种替代有机模板剂的条件下采用干胶法合成了ZSM-5分子筛。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、N₂吸附-脱附和NH₃-TPD等分析方法对合成样品进行了表征和测试,考察了合成条件对ZSM-5分子筛晶化过程的影响。结果表明,在硅铝比（n/n）为30~70,钠硅比（n/n）为0.12~0.20时都可以得到结晶度良好的ZSM-5分子筛。研究发现,干胶法合成ZSM-5,在不引入外加水的情况下也可以得到ZSM-5样品,外加水的引入能够有效地提高晶化速率;与水热法合成ZSM-5分子筛相比,干胶法可以显著地缩短晶化时间,同时,合成样品的晶体尺寸也有所减小。     

晶种导向下干胶法合成ZSM-5分子筛

以廉价水玻璃为硅源,在晶种替代有机模板剂的条件下采用干胶法合成了ZSM-5分子筛。利用XRD、SEM、TEM、FTIR、N_2吸附-脱附和NH_3-TPD等分析方法对合成样品进行了表征和测试,考察了合成条件对ZSM-5分子筛晶化过程的影响。结果表明,在硅铝比(n/n)为30~70,钠硅比(n/n)为0.12~0.20时都可以得到结晶度良好的ZSM-5分子筛。研究发现,干胶法合成ZSM-5,在不引入外加水的情况下也可以得到ZSM-5样品,外加水的引入能够有效地提高晶化速率;与水热法合成ZSM-5分子筛相比,干胶法可以显著地缩短晶化时间,同时,合成样品的晶体尺寸也有所减小。     

阳离子(K~+、Na~+)对非水体系合成ZSM-48沸石性能的影响

研究了在非水体系(双胺体系)中KZSM-48和NaZSM-48沸石的晶化过程,发现NaZSM-48的晶化速度明显较KZSM-48为快。通过SEM、IR和TG-DTA的测定,发现K~+、Na~+离子对非水体系合成的ZSM-48沸石物性有较大的影响。晶化过程中在液相未检出SiO_2和Al_2O_3,表明在非水体系中ZSM-48沸石的生成属于固相转化。并且随着SiO_2/Al_2O_3比的增加,KZSM-48的晶粒粒径增大。通过CO+H_2生成烯烃反应可以看出NaZSM-48较KZSM-48有较高的活性和烯烃选择性。     

ZSM-5分子筛光催化活性的初步研究

开发具有广泛用途包括光催化合成和选择性氧化有机物的新型光催化剂是光催化研究领域所面临的重要挑战之一[1] . Kato等[2 ] 报道了HZSM- 5和丝光沸石对甲烷无氧偶联反应具有光催化活性,我们也发现HZSM- 5原粉对乙烯、溴代甲烷和染料都表现出明显的光催化活性.由于分子筛不是半导体,所以其光催化性能难于用传统的半导体光催化理论加以解释.Kato[2 ] 认为分子筛中Al—O单元是HZSM- 5和丝光沸石产生光催化活性的活性位,Anpo等[3]认为,过渡金属原子在Y沸石和MCM- 41介孔分子筛的骨架内形成了孤立的金属-氧物种电荷转移激发态:[Me(n- 1…     

ZSM-5、ZSM-57分子筛和丝光沸石间的转晶规律

考察了硅铝比、碱度、有机胺模板剂、晶化时间及温度等合成条件对ZSM-5、ZSM-57 分子筛和丝光沸石之间相互转晶的影响. 发现较高的碱度、较长的晶化时间有利于合成丝光沸石；较低的碱度、较高的诱导晶化温度、较长的晶化时间有利于合成低硅铝比的ZSM-57 分子筛；合成低硅铝比的ZSM-5分子筛则需要在能合成丝光沸石和ZSM-57 分子筛的碱度区间内精确调节碱度, 缩短晶化时间、降低诱导晶化温度、加入适当晶种, 有利于合成低硅铝比的ZSM-5 分子筛. 合成条件稍微改变, 会导致各种沸石之间发生转晶, 晶化产物出现两种或两种以上的晶型.     

Facile synthesis of small crystal ZSM-5 zeolite by acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate

Small crystal zeolites ZSM-5 with sizes of 150–300 nm were synthesized using the colloidal silicate precursors as the silica source created by the acid-catalyzed hydrolysis of tetraethylorthosilicate with tetrapropylammonium bromide as the structure-directing agent within a short crystallization time of 20–35 h. The precursors and final products were detected by XRD, SEM, ICP and DLS. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 20776069), Key Natural Science Foundation for Universities of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 06KJA53012), and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (Grant No. PCSIRT 0732)     

高岭土原位无溶剂法合成小粒径ZSM-5分子筛

结合原位水热法和无溶剂法的优点,在不添加有机模板剂和溶剂的基础上,以高岭土为原料通过晶种诱导绿色高效地合成出ZSM-5分子筛。运用X射线衍射、N2吸附-脱附、扫描电镜、透射电镜和NH3程序升温脱附(TPD-NH3)等技术对ZSM-5分子筛进行表征。表征结果与原位水热法合成的ZSM-5分子筛相比,原位无溶剂法合成ZSM-5分子筛的结晶度较高、晶体粒径较小、酸强度略高、孔结构相似。     

ZSM-5催化丙烯芳构化反应构效关系及反应特性

甲醇两步制芳烃反应中低碳烯烃芳构化反应稳定性优异,为分析其内在机制,制备了不同硅铝比(n_SiO2/n_Al2O3)及Zn负载量的ZSM-5催化剂,以丙烯芳构化为模型反应,分析ZSM-5表面酸性对低碳烯烃芳构化反应性能的影响规律,并探究反应微观特性。发现当硅铝比由150降至75时,增加的酸密度促进了烯烃氢转移芳构化过程,使芳烃选择性由31.0%增至34.4%,但丙烯直接参与的氢转移过程也被强化,使丙烷产物选择性由28.2%增至36.0%。引入Zn助剂可将部分Br?nsted酸转变为ZnLewis酸,强化烯烃脱氢芳构化过程,使芳烃选择性进一步显著增加到62.4%。丙烯芳构化过程中芳烃烷基化深度比甲醇芳构化过程低,提升总芳烃选择性的同时,也明显抑制了难溶性积碳的形成,使反应稳定性明显提升。由此得出,甲醇两步制芳烃过程中甲醇制低碳烯烃过程对甲醇的预先消耗,抑制了低碳烯烃芳构化反应芳烃产物的深度烷基化,是该反应表现出优异稳定性的重要原因。     

以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种制备空心结构ZSM-5沸石分子筛

微孔分子筛在实际应用过程中常常受到扩散限制的影响,分子筛内部的利用率不高.制备空心结构分子筛对于改善分子筛扩散传质、提高分子筛利用率具有重要意义.以纯硅silicalite-1为晶种,以四丙基氢氧化铵(TPAOH)为结构导向剂制备ZSM-5分子筛,无定型硅铝物种首先在晶种表面晶化生长,同时碱性合成体系的碱度则可以溶解不...     

Investigating the kinetics of liquid-free,OSDA-free ZSM-5 zeolite synthesis from iron ore tailings

In this study, ZSM-5, which is a Mobil-type five-type zeolite with well-defined crystal morphology, is successfully synthesized via a seed-assisted, liquid-free method that uses iron ore tailings as a silica source. The ZSM-5 crystallization kinetics at 423, 433, and 443 K and different synthesis times are investigated to identify the nucleation and crystallization mechanisms of the synthesized ZSM-5 zeolites, and results suggest that the crystallization kinetics follow a Kolmogorov-Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-type behavior. The activation energies for the induction and transition periods are 112.38 and 58.35 kJ mol⁻¹, respectively. Furthermore, the Avrami exponent indicates three-dimensional crystal growth from both sporadic and instantaneous nucleation mechanisms. A comparison of our results with previous reports of the ZSM-5 crystallization mechanism demonstrates that the seed crystals play a significant role in nucleation and crystal growth. Finally, seed surface crystallization and new nuclei crystallization dual mechanism has been proposed to describe the crystallization process of ZSM-5.     

Synthesis of ZSM-5 aggregates by a seed-induced method and catalytic performance in methanol-to-gasoline conversion

A seed-induced method was applied to synthesize a series of ZSM-5 aggregates using silicalite-1 (S-1) as seeds. The samples were characterized by several techniques and studied in the methanol-to-gasoline (MTG) conversion reaction in a continuous fixed-bed reactor. The results showed that the molar ratios of Na₂O/SiO₂ and H₂O/SiO₂ in the precursors had great effects on the physicochemical and catalytic properties. The ZSM-5 aggregates with the highest crystallinity, external surface areas, micropore volumes, mesopore volumes and small primary crystal and aggregate sizes, obtained with the molar composition of 0.12Na₂O–1SiO₂–0.02Al₂O₃–25H₂O-0.01Seed in the precursor, exhibited the highest stability.     

Syntheses and Characterization of ZSM-5 Zeolites Containing Diethylamine and Ethylenediamine

Syntheses of ZSM-5 zeolites from R-SiO2-Al2O3-H2O-HF(R = diethylamine and ethylenediamine, respectively) were investigated by using the hydrothermal crystallization. The large single crystals of ZSM-5 containing diethylamine and ethylenediamine were synthesized. The ZSM-5 precursors were characterized by means of X-ray powder diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal analysis and electron microprobe analysis. The analysis result of aluminium distribution shows that the interior aluminium content of large crystals of ZSM-5 zeolites is rather low.     

改性ZSM-5分子筛催化甲苯、甲醇苯环烷基化反应的研究进展

综述了近三十年来国内外有关在改性ＺＳＭ－５沸石催化剂上,甲苯、甲醇苯环烷基化制备对二甲苯反应的研究状况。经过改性的ＸＳＭ－５型沸石具有合适的孔径和适当强度及数量的表面酸中心,有利于反应活性及选择性的提高。参考文献１４５篇。