硅基聚合物前驱体转化陶瓷微观结构研究进展

聚合物前驱体转化法使得陶瓷材料的制备实现了可分子设计和可聚合物工艺加工,在陶瓷基复合材料、陶瓷纤维、功能涂层、特种胶粘剂等方面具有重要应用价值.不同于传统粉末烧结工艺,该方法涉及有机聚合物至无机陶瓷的转化过程,因此,聚合物前驱体的分子结构以及陶瓷化工艺对所制备陶瓷材料的微观结构和功能特性具有直接影响.本文综述了基于聚合...     

生物模板法制备木材陶瓷*

生物模板法是一种制备具有生物形貌特点的结构和功能材料的新方法。由于木材组织结构方面的独特性,制备其多级孔结构的木材生态陶瓷在探索特殊微观结构和性能之间的关系方面有着重大的意义。本文总结了生物模板法制备陶瓷材料技术的发展现状,并且指出了各种工艺的优缺点,着重介绍了木材陶瓷的发展历史、制备方法、机理和性能,概述了木材陶瓷在骨移植材料和催化材料方面的应用和发展前景。     

Realization of Low Temperature Densification of Nickelate Ceramics for MLCC Application

We report an improved method for the preparation of highly dense nickelate ceramics at relatively low temperature. It is found that the introduction of appropriate additives during the ball-milling process facilitates the formation of nickelate phase through solid state reaction. Moreover, although high-purity nickelate powders can only be obtained by calcining the mixture of starting materials at temperature higher than 1100 oC. The adoption of powders calcined at 1000 oC, rather than those calcined at higher temperature, is conductive to the low-temperature densification of nickelate ceramics, which is attributed to the small and dispersive particles, and the solid state reaction of the residual starting materials during sintering. Compared with the conventional process, the improved method can reduce the sintering temperature of nickelate ceramics by about 100 oC and decrease the grain size of the obtained ceramics, and therefore makes nickelate meet the fabrication requirements of multi-layer ceramic capacitors(MLCC).     

新型聚羧酸系高性能陶瓷减水剂的合成及应用

选用丙烯酸、马来酸酐和聚乙二醇单烯丙基醚为聚合单体,采用一步法合成了一种聚羧酸系高性能陶瓷减水剂(CA-100)。比较了CA-100、三聚磷酸钠、水玻璃三种减水剂的应用性能。结果表明,CA-100陶瓷减水剂的解胶性能好,适应范围广。这种新型的陶瓷减水剂具有优异的应用潜力。     

New Bioactive Ceramics Obtained by Heat Treatment of Modified Polymeric Precursors

Summary: The aim of this work was to obtain pseudowollastonite-based ceramics and to determine its bioactive features. The materials were obtained by new method, namely thermal treatment of ceramic active fillers-containing polysiloxane polymeric precursor. As active fillers, commercially available Ca(OH)₂ and silica nanopowders (SiO₂) were used. The phase composition of ceramic products were analysed by the means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). The microstructure of ceramic products were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with EDS point analysis. The bioactivity was determined in “in vitro” conditions, by immersing of ceramic samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The results presented in this work indicate that heat treatment of active fillers-containing polysiloxane precursor is an alternative method for receiving of pseudowollastonite-containing materials. Such obtained samples demonstrate bioactivity in “in vitro” conditions.     

Bi、Nb双施主掺杂对钛酸钡基陶瓷性能的影响

本文首次在钛酸钡中以BiCl3、NbCl5的溶液形式引入Bi、Nb元素,采用低温固态反应制备了Bi、Nb双施主掺杂的纳米BaTiO3基PTC陶瓷粉,同时研究了烧结条件对PTC陶瓷材料性能的影响。利用XRD和TEM分析了样品的物相及微观形貌,发现样品为立方晶系的完全互溶取代固溶体,颗粒基本呈球形,且分布比较均匀,粒径大约50～60 nm。制陶实验表明,以Bi、Nb进行双施主掺杂可有效改善材料的PTC性能,当最佳烧结温度为1 330℃、保温时间为20 min时,可以得到室温电阻为12.93Ω,升阻比为1.920×105的电性能优良的PTC陶瓷。     

Ceramic-Polymer Composite Membranes for Water and Wastewater Treatment: Bridging the Big Gap between Ceramics and Polymers

Clean water supply is an essential element for the entire sustainable human society, and the economic and technology development. Membrane filtration for water and wastewater treatments is the premier choice due to its high energy efficiency and effectiveness, where the separation is performed by passing water molecules through purposely tuned pores of membranes selectively without phase change and additional chemicals. Ceramics and polymers are two main candidate materials for membranes, where the majority has been made of polymeric materials, due to the low cost, easy processing, and tunability in pore configurations. In contrast, ceramic membranes have much better performance, extra-long service life, mechanical robustness, and high thermal and chemical stabilities, and they have also been applied in gas, petrochemical, food-beverage, and pharmaceutical industries, where most of polymeric membranes cannot perform properly. However, one of the main drawbacks of ceramic membranes is the high manufacturing cost, which is about three to five times higher than that of common polymeric types. To fill the large gap between the competing ceramic and polymeric membranes, one apparent solution is to develop a ceramic-polymer composite type. Indeed, the properly engineered ceramic-polymer composite membranes are able to integrate the advantages of both ceramic and polymeric materials together, providing improvement in membrane performance for efficient separation, raised life span and additional functionalities. In this overview, we first thoroughly examine three types of ceramic-polymer composite membranes, (i) ceramics in polymer membranes (nanocomposite membranes), (ii) thin film nanocomposite (TFN) membranes, and (iii) ceramic-supported polymer membranes. In the past decade, great progress has been made in improving the compatibility between ceramics and polymers, while the synergy between them has been among the main pursuits, especially in the development of the high performing nanocomposite membranes for water and wastewater treatment at lowered manufacturing cost. By looking into strategies to improve the compatibility among ceramic and polymeric components, we will conclude with briefing on the perspectives and challenges for the future development of the composite membranes.     

The Development of Bioglass Ceramics for Medical Applications

The enormous progress made in the field of medicine over the past few decades has been partly due to the introduction of new instruments but also a result of the use of new materials. It is impossible to imagine modern medicine without metals, alloys, sintered corundum, organic high polymers (also as composite materials), glassy carbon, etc. Bioglass ceramics open up new possibilities for medical treatment and constitute a new area of research in the natural sciences and medicine. Owing to their widely variable combinations of properties, bioglass ceramics can be more easily adapted to suit medical requirements than can customary implants. Two properties of bioglass ceramics are of primary importance: their biocompatibility, i.e., acceptance of the material by the tissues of the human body without irritation, rejection reactions, or toxic effects; and their bioactivity, i.e., the ability to establish firm intergrowths with tissues of the human body. This property is not shared by any of the classical biomaterials. A wide range of applications is envisaged for the bioglass ceramics that have so far been developed; some are still undergoing animal tests while others are being clinically tested in humans. Possible applications are the replacement of vertebrae and use in the middle ear, throat, nose, and eye, in the entire head region, in the shoulder and leg, and in dental prosthetics, in particular the replacement of dental roots (a hard tissue substitute in the broadest sense of the word). The question as to the behavior of a bone/bioglass ceramic contact or bond on a long-term scale and on being exposed to varying mechanical stress has still not been satisfactorily answered, because interdisciplinary research in this field is still immature. All observations made so far indicate, however, that the materials do not cause any adverse effects.     

Ceramics and Nanostructures from Molecular Precursors

The elaboration of solids from the molecular scale by a kinetically controlled methodology is one of the main challenges of molecular chemistry. In the long term, this should permit the design of solids with desired properties. Here, some examples are given which show a few methods that have been used for the preparation of solids from molecular precursors. The one-pot synthesis of rheologically controlled SiC is described. Access to a new kind of ceramic is obtained by the same methodology using molecular precursors. Mixed ceramics with interpenetrating networks are not accessible by the chemical thermodynamic route. The chemistry of hybrid materials obtained from molecular precursors through inorganic polymerization is presented. This class of materials offers wide perspectives because of 1) the large possibilities opened by the organic unit, 2) the kinetic control, which permits any kind of texture for the solid, and 3) the aptitude of these solids to become nanostructured.     

Letters from China: A History of the Origins of the Chemical Analysis of Ceramics

This paper is an attempt to document the early history of the quantitative chemical analysis of ceramic materials in Europe, with a specific interest in the analysis of archaeological ceramics. This inevitably leads to a study of the attempts made in Europe to imitate the miraculous material—porcelain—imported from China from the fourteenth century onwards. It is clear that before the end of the eighteenth century progress was made in this endeavour by systematic but essentially trial-and-error firing of various raw materials, culminating in the successful production of European porcelain by Böttger and von Tschirnhaus in 1709. Shortly after this, letters describing the Chinese manufacture of porcelain, and, more importantly, samples of raw and fired material, began to arrive in Europe from French Jesuit missionaries, which were subjected to intense study. Following the perfection of gravimetric methods of chemical analysis in the late eighteenth century, these Chinese samples, and samples of porcelain from various European factories, were regularly analysed, particularly by Brongniart at Sèvres. Similar work was carried out on English porcelain by Simeon Shaw and Sir Arthur Church. The origins of the chemical analysis of archaeological ceramics are still somewhat obscure, but must date to the late eighteenth or early nineteenth centuries, by the likes of Vauquelin and Chaptal.     

液相浸渗法制备Y-TZP/LaPO4可加工复相陶瓷

通过往ZrO2多孔陶瓷浸渗LaPO4液态先驱液制备了具有可加工性的Y－TZP／LaPO4复相陶瓷。加入30％（体积分数）石墨可以得到具有35％（体积分数）开孔气孔率的ZrO2预烧结陶瓷体。采用不同浸渗和热分解周期可以得到不同LaPO4含量的Y－TZP／LaPO4复相陶瓷。研究了该材料的可加工性和力学性能。结果表明，含有3.5%-7.5%(体积分数）LaPO4的Y－TZP／LaPO4复相陶瓷具有良好的可加工性，同时保持优良的力学性能。     

Crystallization Behavior of SiO2-TiO2 Ceramics Derived from Titanosiloxanes on Pyrolysis

The crystallization behavior of SiO2-TiO2 ceramics derived from titanosiloxanes was investigated in relation to the structure of the precursor and the pyrolysis temperature. The titanosiloxanes, [Si(OBut)2OTi(acac) 2O]2, [(ButO)3SiO] 2Ti (OPri)2, and [(ButO)3SiO] 3Ti(OPri), were pyrolyzed in an air atmosphere to form SiO2-TiO2 ceramics which crystallized to anatase at 600–650°C, 700–750°C, and 800–850°C, respectively. The crystallization temperature decreased with increased titanium content of the precursor. The average crystallite size of anatase increased with increased pyrolysis temperature and the titanium content. The crystallization temperature and the crystallite size for SiO2-TiO2 ceramics is controlled by the precursor structure, which may enable control of the physical properties of the ceramic materials.     

La3+,Sr2+置换对Ca[(Mg1/3Nb2/3)0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷微波介电性能的影响

研究了La^3＋，Sr^2＋置换对Ca[（Mg1/3Nb2/3）0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷微观结构与微波介电性能的影响。研究结果表明：La^3＋，Sr^2＋置换改性Ca[（Mg1/3Nb2/3）0.6Ti0.4]O3系列陶瓷均形成了单一正交系的钙钛矿结构；随着置换量的增加，La^3＋改性Ca[（Mg1/3Nb2/3）0.6Ti0.4]O3陶瓷的介电常数、介电损耗下降，同时谐振频率温度系数向正的方向移动，而Sr^2＋改性陶瓷则表现出相反的规律，其主要原因在于La^3＋，Sr^2＋置换所引起Ca[（Mg1/3Nb2/3）0.6TiO4]O3陶瓷内部氧八面体结构变化上的差异。     

Preparation of Activated Carbon Functional Ceramics From Coal Pitch

The influences of different impregnation temperatures,pre-oxidation,carbonization temperatures and activation conditions on the iodine value and carbon deviations was discussed.SEM,EDS,and BET techniques were used to investigate the microstructures and properties of materials.Results showed that activated carbon functional ceramic exhibited excellent comprehensive properties when porous ceramics adsorbed the coal pitch at 150 ℃ for 0.5 h,oxidized at 420 ℃ for 1.0 h,and carbonizated at 700 ℃ for 1.0 h and then activated by using KOH(20wt%) as agent at 800 ℃ for 1.0 h,as confirmed by the high iodine value(162.6 mg/g) and high specific surface area(83.5 m2/g).     

结构陶瓷复合材料的现状和发展趋势

本文简要叙述了结构陶瓷高温下强度及硬度高、蠕变小、抗氧化、耐腐蚀、耐磨损等优越性能,同时指出了陶瓷应用于承载结构的致命弱点,即陶瓷的脆性。较详细地综述了克服陶瓷脆性的主要技术方向--开发第二相粒子、纤维(晶须)补强增韧的微米陶瓷复合材料及纳米陶瓷复合材料,并分析了纳米陶瓷的发展前景。     

Rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics

Glass ceramics are a known class of polycrystalline ceramic materials, where, depending on the glass matrix and the particular crystalline phases, one can obtain materials with improved mechanical, thermal, electrical or optical properties. The characteristics and applications of optical glass ceramics are reviewed, with particular emphasis on rare-earth-doped transparent glass ceramics for photonics, including the search for new transparent glass ceramic compositions and the development of suitable methods to process such materials into functional devices.     

掺铁碳化硅陶瓷的制备及其吸波性能

将羰基铁和液态聚碳硅烷(LPCS)反应生成的铁(Fe)溶胶与固态聚碳硅烷(PCS)混合,合成出不同Fe质量分数的PCS先驱体,然后经氧化交联和高温热解制备了不同Fe质量分数的磁性碳化硅陶瓷(Fe/SiC),系统地研究了Fe元素的引入对SiC陶瓷的组成、结构、磁性能和介电性能的影响规律。 研究发现,当Fe质量分数小于8.94%时,在热解过程中,Fe元素可以显著促进SiC_xO_y的分解,生成β-SiC,且随着Fe质量分数的增加,β-SiC的结晶峰越来越强;但随着Fe质量分数继续增加,达11.78%时,则主要生成Fe₃Si;Fe/SiC陶瓷均呈铁磁性,其饱和磁化强度随着Fe质量分数的增加而呈指数形式增加;当Fe质量分数为4.19%时Fe/SiC陶瓷在12.4 GHz具有最小的反射损耗,为-9.4 dB,同时低于-5 dB的带宽为2.4 GHz,Fe质量分数为8.94%时,低于-5 dB的带宽则为3.7 GHz,可用作良好的微波吸收材料。     

BN掺杂钛酸钡基NTC材料的研究

钛酸钡基材料在居里温度以下呈优异的NTC特性,围绕BN掺杂制备钛酸钡基NTC功能陶瓷材料,分别对不同掺杂量、烧结工艺过程进行了研究.结果表明,随着烧结温度的升高,NTC材料的致密化程度增强,其室温电阻率和NTC效应也会有一些变化,随着烧结温度的提高,NTC材料的居里温度也会有微小的变化;加入BN采用传统固相烧结法在烧结...     

BaPbO_3－Nd_2O_3系陶瓷导电性研究

研究了ＢａＰｂＯ３－Ｎｄ２Ｏ３系陶瓷的导电性，研究表明，此系统陶瓷的导电载流子是氧缺位中存在的施主电子；添加适量的Ｎｄ２Ｏ３，可以改善ＢａＰｂＯ３陶瓷的导电性和ＰＴＣ特性     

陶瓷微细镀覆新技术的研究

建立微机处理体系(包括线路、图形设计,光照点选择及活化处理等)与化学镀铜相结合的微细镀覆新技术.该技术可在Al2O3基底上获得性能良好的Cu镀层,其布线速率达 50mm/s,线分辨率 35μm,工艺简便,条件温和,为陶瓷微细镀覆开辟了新途径.