Oxidative Catalysis by TAMLs: Obtaining Rate Constants for Non-Absorbing Targets by UV-Vis Spectroscopy

Understanding the catalysis of oxidative reactions by TAML activators of peroxides, i. e. iron(III) complexes of tetraamide macrocyclic ligands, advocated a spectrophotometric procedure for quantifying the catalytic activity of TAMLs for colorless targets (k_II′, M⁻¹ s⁻¹), which is incomparably more advantageous in terms of time, cost, energy, and ecology than NMR, HPLC, UPLC, GC-MS and other similar techniques. Dyes Orange II or Safranin O (S) are catalytically bleached by non-excessive amount of H₂O₂ in the presence of colorless substrates (S₁) according to the rate law: −d[S]/dt=k_Ik_II[H₂O₂][S][TAML]/(k_I[H₂O₂]+k_II[S]+k_II′[S₁]). The bleaching rate is thus a descending hyperbolic function of S₁ : v=ab/(b+[S₁]). Values of k_II′ found from a and b for phenol and propranolol with commonly used TAML [Fe^III{o,o′-C₆H₄(NCONMe₂CO)₂CMe₂}₂(OH₂)]⁺ are consistent with those for S₁ (phenol, propranolol) obtained directly by UPLC. The study sends vital messages to enzymologists and environmentalists.     

多相催化生物甘油选择性氧化制取1,3-二羟基丙酮的研究进展北大核心CSCD

1,3-二羟基丙酮(DHA)是一种重要的化工原料,广泛应用于医药、化妆品及食品等领域.通过催化选择性氧化甘油制备DHA是一条高效、经济的工艺路线,而催化剂的种类及反应方式被证明对DHA的产率有较大影响.因此,结合近些年来相关文献,系统阐述了热、光和电这3种催化反应方式在甘油氧化制取DHA上的研究进展,并重点介绍了热催化路径中所选用的催化剂、相关研究实例及反应机理.最后,对甘油制备DHA的多路径选择性氧化的研究前景进行了展望.     

VPO催化氧化正丁烷反应动力学

VPO催化氧化正丁烷制顺酐是目前唯一实现工业化的低碳烷烃选择氧化反应。本文介绍了VPO催化机理和主要的反应网络,综述了国内外反应动力学的研究进展情况。根据人们对正丁烷氧化反应机理的不断认知及动力学模型的完整性,首次将正丁烷氧化制顺酐反应动力学的发展分为探索期、成型期和拓展期三个时期,并阐释了每个时期的特征和典型模型。探索期特征是仅考虑反应物在催化剂表面的吸附行为,成型期特征是充分考虑了产物对反应的抑制作用,拓展期特征是考虑了催化剂氧化度不断变化的动态过程并将不同氧气形式之间的相互变化引入动态模型中。从时空多尺度角度研究动力学和传递之间的相互作用是正丁烷选择氧化反应动力学下一步的研究重点,也是未来动力学研究的发展方向。     

Catalysis by Hydrogen Carbonate and Silicate Anions of the Oxidation of Diethyl Sulfide with Hydrogen Peroxide in Aqueous and Aqueous–Alcoholic Media

The kinetics of the oxidation of diethyl sulfide (Et₂S) with hydrogen peroxide, catalyzed by hydrogen carbonate and silicate anions, agree with the assumption that peroxymonocarbonate (HCO^– ₄) and peroxymonosilicate (HSiO^– ₄) anions are formed as intermediates. The rate of reaction of Et₂S with HCO^– ₄ is about 100 times as fast as with H₂O₂. Transfer to aqueous–alcoholic solutions leads to an increase in the solubility of Et₂S while retaining the catalytic effects.     

Kinetics of Oxidation of Phosphinic, Phenylphosphinic and Phosphorous Acid by Benzyltrimethylammonium Chlorobromate

The oxidation of lower phosphorus oxyacids by benzyltrimethylammonium chlorobromate (BTMACB) proceeds by a mechanism involving a hydride-ion transfer from oxyacids to the oxidant in the rate-determining step.     

ZnO超微粒子光催化氧化SO2的研究

 利用ZnO光催化技术对SO2氧化进行了研究．结果表明，在一定的\r\n反应条件下，ZnO超微粒子光催化SO2氧化的转化率较高，320℃下焙烧\r\n的ZnO超微粒子上SO2氧化的转化率高达99％．考察了氧和水蒸气分压等\r\n因素对SO2氧化反应的影响．用化学法对气态和凝聚态产物SO3进行了定\r\n性分析，并对SO2光催化氧化反应动力学行为及机理进行了探讨．     

金催化作用的结构敏感性

金催化是纳米催化的代表性体系,金催化作用表现出复杂的结构敏感性。这篇综述总结了金催化作用研究的文献结果和我们利用从单晶到纳米晶的模型催化剂研究金催化作用的进展。展示了NO分解,CO氧化,丙烯在氢气和氧气气氛中环氧化等反应中金催化作用的结构敏感性和金催化剂的活性结构,讨论了金纳米粒子几何结构和电子结构、金纳米粒子–氧化物载体相互作用对金催化作用的影响和金表面低温高催化活性的来源,并展望了金催化作用结构敏感性的未来研究方向。     

Trinuclear Pd3O2 Intermediate in Aerobic Oxidation Catalysis

The activation of O₂ is a key step in selective catalytic aerobic oxidation reactions mediated by transition metals. The bridging trinuclear palladium species, [(LPd^II)₃(μ³‐O)₂]²⁺ (L=2,9‐dimethylphenanthroline), was identified during the [LPd(OAc)]₂(OTf)₂‐catalyzed aerobic oxidation of 1,2‐propanediol. Independent synthesis, structural characterization, and catalytic studies of the trinuclear compound show that it is a product of oxygen activation by reduced palladium species and is a competent intermediate in the catalytic aerobic oxidation of alcohols. The formation and catalytic activity of the trinuclear Pd₃O₂ species illuminates a multinuclear pathway for aerobic oxidation reactions catalyzed by Pd complexes.     

Water Catalysis of the Reaction of Methanol with OH Radical in the Atmosphere is Negligible

Faced with the contradictory results of two recent experimental studies [Jara‐Toro et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2017 , 56, 2166 and Chao et al., Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2019 , 58, 5013] of the possible catalytic effect of water vapor on CH₃OH + OH reaction, we report calculations that corroborate the conclusion made by Chao et al. and extend the rate constant evaluation down to 200 K. The rate constants of the CH₃OH + OH reaction catalyzed by a water molecule are computed as functions of temperature and relative humidity using high‐level electronic structure and kinetics calculations. The Wuhan–Minnesota Scaling (WMS) method is used to provide accurate energetics to benchmark a density functional for direct dynamics. Both high‐frequency and low‐frequency anharmonicities are included. Variational and tunneling effects are treated by canonical variational transition state theory with multidimensional small‐curvature tunneling. And, most significantly, we include multistructural effects in the rate constant calculations. Our calculations show that the catalytic effect of water vapor is not observable at 200–400 K.     

Oxidation Catalysis by an Aerobically Generated Dess–Martin Periodinane Analogue

Hypervalent iodine(V) reagents, such as Dess–Martin periodinane (DMP) and 2‐iodoxybenzoic acid (IBX), are broadly useful oxidants in chemical synthesis. Development of strategies to generate these reagents from dioxygen (O₂) would immediately enable use of O₂ as a terminal oxidant in a broad array of substrate oxidation reactions. Recently we disclosed the aerobic synthesis of I(III) reagents by intercepting reactive oxidants generated during aldehyde autoxidation. In this work, aerobic oxidation of iodobenzenes is coupled with disproportionation of the initially generated I(III) compounds to generate I(V) reagents. The aerobically generated I(V) reagents exhibit substrate oxidation chemistry analogous to that of DMP. The developed aerobic generation of I(V) has enabled the first application of I(V) intermediates in aerobic oxidation catalysis.     

多相催化研究中化学动力学的作用(英文)

The paper presents shortly some of the important elements of the theory and of the practical applications of the kinetics of heterogeneous catalytic reactions. Discussed are some of the most important concepts of the kinetics of complex heterogeneous catalytic reactions,methodology of building kinetic models and mathematical treatment of experimental data,influence of heat and mass transfer,types of laboratory reactors,kinetics and nanosized catalysts and others. Examples for use of the kinetic studies for the development and application of industrial catalysts and modeling of industrial reactors are presented.     

Paths and Mechanism for the Oxidation of Alkanes,Alkenes, and Arenes by Peroxynitrous Acid

The bell-shaped relations between the rate constants for the oxidation of hydrocarbons by peroxynitrous acid (HOONO) and the ratio of the volumes of the aqueous and gas phases in the reactor are explained quantitatively on the assumption that the HOONO and the substrate are distributed between the gas and the solution and that OH radicals are formed in the two phases and interact with the hydrocarbon. The distribution coefficient of the HOONO between the gas and aqueous phases is determined [ = (0.4-2)·10^–6].     

Mechanism,kinetics, and environmental assessment of OH-initiated transformation of CTDE in the atmosphere

The transformation mechanism and kinetics of 2-chloro-1,1,2-trifluoroethyl-difluoromethyl-ether (CTDE, CHF₂OCF₂CHFCl) triggered by OH radicals are studied by density-functional theory methods and canonical variational transition state theory. The computational rate constant including small-curvature tunneling correction is found to be in commendable agreement with the experimental data. Two hydrogen abstraction channels to form the alkyl radicals of C·F₂OCF₂CHFCl and CHF₂OCF₂C·FCl are observed, and the formation of CHF₂OCF₂C·FCl is found to be more favorable than C·F₂OCF₂CHFCl kinetically and thermodynamically. Subsequent evolution of CHF₂OCF₂C·FCl in the presence of NO and O₂ indicates that the organic nitrate (CHF₂OCF₂CONO₂FCl) is the stable product. The dechlorinate of alkoxy radical (CHF₂OCF₂C(O·)FCl) is the most favorable degradation channel, and the estimated ozone depletion potential for CTDE relative to chlorofluorocarbon-11 is 0.0204, which could lead to ozone depletion as a consequence. The computed atmospheric lifetime for CTDE is found to be 3.69 years by considering the combined contributions from OH radicals and Cl atoms. The total radiative forcing and global warming potential of CTDE are, respectively, 0.547 W m⁻² ppbv and 628.58 (100 years) at 298 K, suggesting that the contribution of CTDE to the greenhouse effect is moderate.     

肾上腺素电氧化生成肾上腺素醌的反应动力学

使用以铂片为工作电极的长光程薄层电化学池,采用单电位阶跃计时吸收法测定了1．0mol·L^-1H2SO4和冰醋酸中,肾上腺素电氧化生成肾上腺素醌的动力学参数．实验结果表明：肾上腺素在1．0mol·L^-1H2SO4介质中比在冰醋酸中容易被氧化．     

Low-Temperature Catalytic Oxidation of Sulfide Ions in Aqueous Solutions on a Ni-Oxide System

Catalytic oxidation of sulfide ions in aqueous solutions by air oxygen has been investigated using a Ni-oxide system as a catalyst. The kinetics and the selectivity of the oxidation process were studied by varying the pH, catalyst amount and reaction temperature. A reduction/oxidation mechanism of the reaction has been supposed comprising interaction between the surface active oxygen of the catalyst and HS^– and reoxidizing of the reduced catalyst by the dissolved oxygen. The results obtained show that the Ni-oxide system is a promising catalyst for practical application.     

湿法脱硫中亚硫酸盐非催化氧化本征动力学

亚硫酸盐的氧化是湿法烟气脱硫工艺中的重要过程. 利用间歇式反应装置, 研究了亚硫酸盐非催化氧化的本征反应动力学. 结果表明, 该反应分为两个阶段进行, 即富氧区的快速反应和贫氧区的慢速反应. 在富氧区, 亚硫酸盐和溶解氧的分级数分别为1.0和1.0, 反应的表观活化能为49.3 kJ•mol^－1; 在贫氧区, 亚硫酸盐和溶解氧的分级数分别为2.0和0, 反应的表观活化能为122.6 kJ•mol^－1. 对反应的机理进行了预测, 结果与实验现象有较好的吻合.     

过氧乙酸催化氧化亚硫酸钙的反应动力学

利用间歇式反应装置, 研究了过氧乙酸催化氧化亚硫酸钠的本征反应动力学, 得到各反应物的分级数及表观活化能. 在此基础上, 利用鼓泡式反应装置, 通过改变pH、亚硫酸钙浓度、过氧乙酸浓度、空气流量及温度, 研究了过氧乙酸催化氧化亚硫酸钙的宏观反应动力学.     

Kinetics and Mechanism of the Oxidation of Somethioacids by Benzyltrimethylammonium Tribromide

The oxidation of thioglycollic, thiolactic and thiomalic acids bybenzyltrimethylammonium tribromide proceeds through the formation of asulfenium cation in the slow step.     

Control over Electrochemical Water Oxidation Catalysis by Preorganization of Molecular Ruthenium Catalysts in Self‐Assembled Nanospheres

Oxygen formation through water oxidation catalysis is a key reaction in the context of fuel generation from renewable energies. The number of homogeneous catalysts that catalyze water oxidation at high rate with low overpotential is limited. Ruthenium complexes can be particularly active, especially if they facilitate a dinuclear pathway for oxygen bond formation step. A supramolecular encapsulation strategy is reported that involves preorganization of dilute solutions (10^?5 m ) of ruthenium complexes to yield high local catalyst concentrations (up to 0.54 m ). The preorganization strategy enhances the water oxidation rate by two‐orders of magnitude to 125 s^?1, as it facilitates the diffusion‐controlled rate‐limiting dinuclear coupling step. Moreover, it modulates reaction rates, enabling comprehensive elucidation of electrocatalytic reaction mechanisms.