Distribution of phospholipids in the organs of the cotton plant in the period of mass fruit-formation

The distribution of phosphorus in the vegetative and generative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F has been studied. It has been established that the various organs of the cotton plant differ with respect to the qualitative and quantitative compositions of their phospholipids.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 706–710, November–December, 1981.     

Fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of the generative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F in the period of mass fruit formation

The qualitative and quantitative fatty acid compositions of the phospholipids of the generative organs of the cotton plant of variety 150-F in the period of mass fruit-formation has been studied.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 168–173, March–April, 1984.     

Change in the activity of the proteolytic enzymes of cotton seeds when the plants are affected by wilt

The change in the proteolytic activity of the seeds of the cotton plant varieties Tashkent-1- Tashkent-6, S-4727, and 108-F when the plants are affected by wilt has been studied. A relationship has been established between the decrease in activity for seeds of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties and the degree of attack by wilt. A hypothesis has been put forward on the existence of variety differences in the response reaction of the cotton plant to the introduction of the pathogen. The appearance of distinctive electrophoretic protein components in the seeds of wilt-affected cotton plants of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties has been shown. A hypothesis has been made of a possible increase in the amount of proteinase inhibitors in response to the infection of the plants by wilt, a consequence of which is a sharp decrease in proteolytic activity and the appearance of distinctive electrophoretic components.     

Fatty acid composition of the phospholipids of the vegetative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F at the stage of mass fruit formation

The qualitative and quantitative compositions of the fatty acids (FAs) of the individual phospholipids (PLs) of the vegetative organs of the cotton plant of variety 159-F have been studied. In the PLs of the stems there was a wide range of FAs (26), a large proportion of which have retention times in GLC shorter than those of the 16:0 FA. The position distribution of the FAs in the phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylinositols of the vegetative organs have been established.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 173–176, March–April, 1984.     

Dioxane lignin from shoots of the cotton plant of variety 108-F. I

The dioxane lignin has been isolated by Pepper's method from two-week shoots of the cotton plant of variety 108-F and has been separated into two fractions — insoluble and soluble in ether — DLA-A and DLA-B, respectively. It has been shown that in the early stage of development of the cotton plant a low-molecular-weight lignin with a low degree of methoxylation and distinctly different from the lignin from ripe stems of the same cotton plant is synthesized.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 96–98, January–February, 1984.     

Identification and fractionation of the total histone of the cotton plant

In order to isolate individual fractions of the histones of the cotton plant of variety 108-F and to investigate them further, the total histone has been chromatographed on Acrylex P-60 and Bio-Gel P-30. It has been shown that the most complete fractionation is achieved on a Acrylex P-60. By electrophoresis of the fractions in 15% PAAG in the presence of 6.25 M urea and on the basis of amino acid compositions, the following order of elution of the histones has been established: H1, H2B + H2A, H3, and H4. In a comparison of the amino acid composition of the H3 and H4 histones of the cotton plant with histones enriched with arginine from other species, a somewhat higher lysine : arginine ratio in these fractions has been found. On comparing the electrophoretic mobilities of the histone fractions from the cotton plant with the histones of calf thymus, some difference is observed which is apparently connected with a difference in their molecular weights.     

Change in the activity of the proteolytic enzymes of cotton seeds when the plants are affected by wilt

The change in the proteolytic activity of the seeds of the cotton plant varieties Tashkent-1- Tashkent-6, S-4727, and 108-F when the plants are affected by wilt has been studied. A relationship has been established between the decrease in activity for seeds of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties and the degree of attack by wilt. A hypothesis has been put forward on the existence of variety differences in the response reaction of the cotton plant to the introduction of the pathogen. The appearance of distinctive electrophoretic protein components in the seeds of wilt-affected cotton plants of the Tashkent-1 and Tashkent-6 varieties has been shown. A hypothesis has been made of a possible increase in the amount of proteinase inhibitors in response to the infection of the plants by wilt, a consequence of which is a sharp decrease in proteolytic activity and the appearance of distinctive electrophoretic components.Institute of Chemistry of Plant Substances of the Uzbek Academy of Sciences, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 704–708, September–October, 1987.     

Influence of the degree of ripeness of cotton seeds on their lipid composition

The influence of the degree of ripeness of the seeds of the cotton plant on their lipid composition has been studied. It has been established that as the seeds ripen their lipid composition becomes simpler, and in the developing cotton seeds the biosynthesis of triglycerides takes place with the participation of the mono-and diacylglycerides as intermediates.     

Electrophoretic investigation of the histones of the cotton plant in polyacrylamide gel containing sodium dodecylsulfate

In order to study the fractional compositions of the histones isolated from the cotton plant, they have been subjected to electrophoretic separation in polyacrylamide gels (PAAGs) containing sodium dodecylsulfate (NA-DDS). It has been established that the rate and sequence of migration of the histones under consideration in PAAGs differ from the corresponding values of the histones of the calf thymus. A comparative evaluation of the histones of the cotton plant and of the calf thymus has been made by two-dimensional electrophoresis. The molecular weights of fractions of the cotton-plant histone were determined from their electrophoretic mobilities in PAAGs with Na-DDS:H1 - 23,500;H2A - 14,600; H2B - 14,960; H3 - 14,300; and H4 - 11,300.     

Identification and fractionation of the total histone of the cotton plant

In order to isolate individual fractions of the histones of the cotton plant of variety 108-F and to investigate them further, the total histone has been chromatographed on Acrylex P-60 and Bio-Gel P-30. It has been shown that the most complete fractionation is achieved on a Acrylex P-60. By electrophoresis of the fractions in 15% PAAG in the presence of 6.25 M urea and on the basis of amino acid compositions, the following order of elution of the histones has been established: H1, H2B + H2A, H3, and H4. In a comparison of the amino acid composition of the H3 and H4 histones of the cotton plant with histones enriched with arginine from other species, a somewhat higher lysine : arginine ratio in these fractions has been found. On comparing the electrophoretic mobilities of the histone fractions from the cotton plant with the histones of calf thymus, some difference is observed which is apparently connected with a difference in their molecular weights.V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the TadzhSSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 832–838, November–December, 1979.     

Composition of the phospholipids of Gossypium barbadense

Summary 1. The combined phospholipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant have been completely freed from accompanying carbohydrates by gel filtration on Molselekt G-25.2. It has been established by two-dimensional chromatography in a thin layer of silica gel that the phospholipids of the seed kernels of the cotton plant of thin-fibered variety 5904-I consist of X₁- and X₂-polygly cerophosphatides (2.4 and 7.1%, respectively), phosphatidylethanolamines (14.1%), phosphatidylcholines (50.4%), phosphatidylinositols (20.4%), and lysophosphatidylcholines (5.6%).3. The accompanying substances of the phospholipids of the cotton plant form two groups each of steroids and disaccharides.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 19–21, January–February, 1976.     

Study of the lignin of cotton plants of the variety AN Bayaut-2. I

The dioxane lignin has been isolated from ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety AN Bayaut-2. Its developed empirical formula has been derived, its UV, IR, and PMR spectra have been recorded, and its molecular weight has been determined. It has been shown that the dioxane lignins of the stems of cotton plants of different varieties differ in chemical structure.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR, Tashkent. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 101–104, January–February, 1986.     

Influence of infection by Verticillium dahliae on the cuticular lipids of the leaves of cotton plants of variety 175

The composition of the cuticular lipids of young leaves of cotton plants of the wilt-resistant variety 175-F has been determined and it has been established that on artificial infection of the plant with cotton wilt(Verticilliuim dahliae) the component composition of these lipids did not change but the level of the 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acids in esters of fatty acids with alkanol, sterols, and triterpenols fell.     

Study of the lignin of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524

The dioxane lignin (DLA) has been isolated from ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524, and its empirical formula and molecular mass have been determined. This DLA differed from the DLA of a cotton plant of variety 108-F by a lower degree of hydroxylation and a higher degree of substitution of the aromatic rings.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 430–431, May–June, 1994.     

Study of the lignin of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524

The dioxane lignin (DLA) has been isolated from ripe stems of a cotton plant of the variety S-6524, and its empirical formula and molecular mass have been determined. This DLA differed from the DLA of a cotton plant of variety 108-F by a lower degree of hydroxylation and a higher degree of substitution of the aromatic rings. Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent, FAX (3712) 62 73 48. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 430–431, May–June, 1994.     

Study of the functional role of the extensin-like proteins of the cotton plant

The action on myeloma X Ad8. 653 of extensin-like proteins isolated from a suspension culture and from two-day shoots of the cotton plant has been studied. A suppression of the inclusion of [₃H]thymidine with an increase in the concentration of protein was found. The presence of extensin-like proteins in cotton protoplasts has been revealed by cross-immunochemical analysis.Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 2, pp. 294–296, March–April, 1995. Original article submitted November 7, 1994.     

A study of the dioxane lignins of Althaea nudiflora and A. rosea

Summary 1. The lignin has been isolated from the stems of the cotton plant of a late period of vegetation by the hydrochloric acid method. The elementary composition and functional groups have been determined. The mean composition for a C₆-C₃ structural unit has been determined.2. By the oxidation of a powder of the stems of the cotton plant with nitrobenzene in the presence of alkali it has been established that the hydrochloric acid lignin is more condensed than the DLA.Institute of the Chemistry of Plant Substances, Academy of Sciences of the Uzbek SSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 5, pp. 648–650, September–October, 1975.     

Study of the total histone of the cotton plant of variety 108-F

From two-day etiolated shoots of the cotton plant of variety 108-F we have isolated the total histone and purified it on a column of CM-cellulose. It has been shown by gel electrophoresis and amino acid analysis that the total histone of the cotton plant, like the total histone of wheat, consists of five main fractions, the amount of the lysine-rich fraction A₁ being greater in the cotton plant than in wheat (23% and 19%, respectively), and the amount of arginine-rich fraction A₄ being less (19.2 and 24.3%, respectively). The total histone of the cotton plant is less basic (ratio of basic amino acids to acidic amino acids in the cotton-plant histone 1.24, in wheat histone 1.9, and in calf thymus histone 1.78) but richer in lysine as compared with arginine than the histones of wheat and calf thymus.V. I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Tadzhik SSR, Dushanbe. Translated from Khimiya Prirodnykh Soedinenii, No. 1, pp. 109–112, January–February 1980.     

Quantitative1H and13C NMR spectroscopies of cottonplant dioxane lignin

A comparative analysis has been made of the dioxane lignins of the stems, seedling shoots, and seed coats of the cotton plant. The ratio of p-hydroxyaromatic, guaiacyl, and syringyl units in the macromolecules of the lignins has been determined, and so have the amounts of functional groups and bonds. It has been established that the main difference between the dioxane lignins from seedling shoots and seed coats of the cotton plant, on the one hand, and the lignin from the woody stems, on the other hand is a lower content of syringyl and guaiacyl units in the former.     

A study of the lignin of the cotton plant of the subspeciesmexicanium

p-Hydroxybenzoic, vanillic, ferulic, and syringic acids, and also p-hydroxybenzalde-hyde and vanillin, have been found in an ethanol-benzene extract of the stems of cotton plants of the subspeciesmexicanium. The dioxane lignin (DLA) has been isolated by Pepper's method, the semiempirical formula of its phenylpropane structural unit and its molecular-mass distribution have been established, and its UV, IR, and PMR spectra have been recorded. The DLA has a comparatively low molecular mass and a lower degree of polydispersity than the dioxane lignin of the cotton plant of variety Tashkent-1, while the amounts of functional groups in them coincide, with the exception of a lower amount of carboxy groups in the DLA.