取代α-苯基肉桂酸类化合物的合成及其光谱研究

报道了14个取代α-苯基肉桂酸的合成,经NOE技术确定了其双键构型,并对此类化合物质谱特征裂解方式及双键氢化学位移的特征进行了研究。     

十二碳单烯-1-乙酸酯双键位置异构体的质谱研究

本文报道了十二碳单烯-1-乙酸酯双键位置异构体质谱的特征,应用质量分析离子动能谱(MIKES)研究离子的断裂机理,结果表明: 支配此类化合物基本断裂方式的主要是游离基中心引发的各种类型H的重排,双键位移和电荷转移, 离子在断裂前已形成结构上能快速相互转化的异构化离子的混合物, 因此这类双键位置异构体的质谱非常相似.     

含惰性烯双键RAFT试剂调控的苯乙烯溶液与细乳液聚合

以可逆加成-断裂-链转移(RAFT)试剂顺序控制丙烯酸和不对称双烯化合物4-(3-丁烯氧基-甲基)苯乙烯(BEOMSt)的溶液聚合反应,得到了两亲结构的大分子RAFT试剂,同时将BEOMSt分子中的惰性烯双键定量地悬垂于试剂的亲水与亲油嵌段间.以该试剂分别调控苯乙烯(St)溶液和细乳液聚合,着重考察了聚合方法对惰性烯双键链增长反应特性的影响.溶液聚合中,惰性烯双键链增长反应速率极低,St转化率68.6%时,产物链中烯双键数目仍维持初值,产物分子量与理论值吻合,分子量分布较窄,聚合反应呈现典型"活性"聚合的特征.但细乳液聚合反应初期,烯双键已与St共聚合,并引起分子链间偶联和分子量与理论值的正偏差,产物分子量分布也很宽.初步推测,导致细乳液聚合时惰性烯双键链增长反应受到强化作用的原因是两亲结构RAFT试剂吸附于单体细液滴表面,引起液滴油水界面层内自由基浓度以及烯双键与St浓度比值增高.     

稀土催化辛烯—1齐聚物的合成

采用膦酸钕-三乙基铝络合体系在四氯化碳溶剂中聚合辛烯-1获得成功,并描述了体系的聚合反应特征。所得辛烯-1齐聚物M_n～10~3,分子量分布指数≈2,并且分子链中含有双键。采用高锰酸钾在酸性溶液中的直接氧化法将分子键中的双键氧化成羧基,并与聚乙二醇发生酯缩聚反应。     

相似分析/质谱法鉴别二十种脂肪族双烯-1-醇及乙酸酯

本文报道了二十个脂肪族双烯-1-醇和乙酸酯EI-质谱的特征, 并提出了相似分析法鉴别这些共轭双烯、孤立双烯的双键位置及几何异构体的质谱。     

催化裂化油浆中烯烃分布研究

以某催化裂化油浆为原料,通过二烯值和溴价分析方法测定了其四组分和五个馏分中共轭烯烃(双键)和烯烃(双键)的含量;同时结合紫外光谱法、核磁共振氢谱法(~1H-NMR)对其四组分和五个馏分中的烯烃类型和含量进行了表征和测定。结果表明,催化裂化油浆中的确存在烯烃(双键)和共轭烯烃(双键),其烯烃(双键)和共轭烯烃(双键)的含量高达21%和6%,四组分中的共轭烯烃(双键)含量依次增多,五个馏分中共轭烯烃(双键)的含量在5%左右,且四组分和五个馏分中烯烃(双键)的含量均呈现先减小后增大的趋势。同时,不同组分和不同馏分之间正构α-烯烃和内烯烃的含量也存在差异。     

光照小球藻催化芳胺席夫碱C=N双键转移的研究

C=N双键转移是基本的化学过程,是把醛酮转化为伯胺的方法之一.酸或碱作为C=N双键转移常用的催化剂能产生污染,后处理成本也较高.本文采用室温下光照小球藻使芳胺席夫碱C=N双键转移,拓展了C=N双键转移的新途径.小球藻在接收光能以及传递光能方面起了关键作用.不同席夫碱其C=N双键转移效果不同,与该席夫碱转移前后分子的能量...     

纳米金催化肉桂醛选择加氢制肉桂醇

α,β-不饱和醛/酮选择加氢生成不饱和醇是化学工业中一类重要反应,在精细化工生产中具有广泛应用,近年来吸引了研究者的广泛关注.该类反应因涉及不饱和官能团和碳氧双键的选择加氢而颇具挑战性:以肉桂醛选择加氢生成肉桂醇反应为例,肉桂醛分子中同时含有共轭的C=C双键和C=O双键,从热力学角度上看,C=O双键键能比C=C双键键能...     

不同引发剂引发SBS接枝马来酸酐的机理研究

采用FTIR和1 H NMR研究了引发剂过氧化二苯甲酰 (BPO)和偶氮二异丁腈 (AIBN)对聚苯乙烯 聚丁二烯 聚苯乙烯 (SBS)接枝马来酸酐 (MAH)的影响 ,讨论了相应的接枝机理 ,通过丁二烯 (PB)段碳碳双键(CC)随接枝率变化的规律进一步验证了机理 .结果表明 ,BPO与AIBN引发接枝的机理不同 ,BPO可引发PB的双键和烯丙位碳氢键 ,但引发烯丙位的速率比引发双键大 ;当BPO浓度达到一定量时 ,大量烯丙位的引发保护了碳碳双键 ,随BPO浓度的增大 ,碳碳双键的含量先减少后增加 .AIBN不能引发PB段烯丙位的碳氢键 ,只能引发双键接枝     

不同生产批号顺丁橡胶产品的XPS振起伴峰及其辐射损伤研究

本文对不同生产批号顺丁橡胶产品做了X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)研究,用XPS振起伴峰表征体系中双键含量,表明优质产品双键含量较高,坏胶双键含量较少且有明显氧化作用,而其XPS辐射损伤研究表明顺丁橡胶存放变质可归因于双键破坏所导致的交联作用和表面的氧化作用。同时本文也研究了它们的XPS价带谱,结果与XPS振起伴峰结论相一致。     

Design and Synthesis of Some New α‐Phenyl Cinnamoyl Derivatives for Selective Protection of Purine Nucleosides

Three new α‐phenylcinnamic acid derivatives [4‐methoxy‐α‐phenylcinnamic acid, α‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)‐cinnamic acid, and 4,4′‐bismethoxy‐α‐phenylcinnamic acid] were synthesized, characterized, and selectively used for protecting the exocyclic amino function of purine nucleosides (2′‐deoxyadenosine and 2′‐deoxyguanosine) via active ester generation. The acids were first activated using p‐nitrophenol, and these activated esters were used subsequently for the selective protection of amino groups. The N‐protected derivatives of 2′‐deoxyguanosine and 2′‐deoxyadenosine have been found to be sufficiently stable toward acids, thus minimizing depurination under oligodeoxyribonucleotide synthesis protocol. The ease of syntheses of N‐protected purine nucleosides, their stability under an acidic environment, and mild deprotection conditions are the key advantages of the new protecting groups.     

Synthesis of (±)-latifolin dimethyl ether

(±)-Latifolin dimethyl ether has been synthesized by coupling 1,2,4-trimethoxybenzene and o-methoxycinnamyl cation. The isomeric benzylstyrene is also a product of the reaction. Among the possible biogenetic routes for the related compounds present in Dalbergia latifolia the most likely steps seem to be phenylcinnamic esters and 4-phenylcoumarins followed by stages of reduction. The alternative of cinnamyl cation functioning will limit the biosynthesis only to latifolin type of compounds.     

The determination of DNA based on light-scattering of a complex formed with histone

The interaction of histone with nucleic acids was characterized by light-scattering measurement using a common spectrofluorometer. Thereby, a sensitive and convenient method for the determination of nucleic acids was established. At pH 4.5-6.5, the interaction of histone with nucleic acids resulted in considerable light-scattering , and four characteristic peaks at 298, 450, 503, and 551 nm were observed. The light-scattering was applied to the determination of nucleic acids. The experiments indicated that, under optimal conditions, a linear relationship was obtained between the light-scattering intensity (I(LS)) and the concentration of nucleic acids. The linear ranges were 0.02-2.0 mug ml(-1) for fish sperm DNA (fsDNA), 0.05-1.5 mug ml(-1) for calf thymus DNA (ctDNA), 0.05-2.5 mug ml(-1) for Herring testis DNA (HtDNA), and 0.05-1.5 mug ml(-1) for human placenta DNA (hpDNA). The detection limits were 2.0 ng for fish sperm DNA, 2.0 ng for calf thymus DNA, 5.0 ng for Herring testis DNA, and 3.0 ng for human placenta DNA. The nucleic acids in yeast cell extraction were determined by simple vortex extraction. The results were satisfactory, and the recovery rates were in the range of 88-108%.     

Synthesis of mono- and difluoronaphthoic acids

Aryl carboxamides are useful structural units found in several biologically active compounds. Unlike their benzoic acid counterparts, fluorinated versions of naphthoic acids are relatively unknown. In connection with a recent project, we needed viable syntheses of several mono- and difluorinated naphthoic acids. Herein we describe the synthesis of 5-, 6-, 7-, and 8-fluoro-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acids and 5,7-, 5,8-, 6,7-, and 4,5-difluoro-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acids. The 5-fluoro derivative 1was obtained from the corresponding 5-bromo compound via electrophilic fluorination of the lithio-intermediate. The rest of the monofluoro (2, 3, and 4) and the difluoro acids (5, 6, and 7) were prepared by a new, general route which entailed the elaboration of commercial fluorinated phenylacetic acids to 2-(fluoroaryl)glutaric acids with differential ester groups; selective hydrolysis to a mono acid, intramolecular Friedel-Crafts cyclization, and aromatization furnished the target structures. An alternative process to assemble a naphthalene skeleton is also presented for the difluoro acids 5 and 6. Finally, 4,5-difluoro-1-naphthalenecarboxylic acid (8) was prepared expeditiously from 1,8-diaminonaphthalene by adapting classical reactions.     

Simultaneous determination of amino acids and carbohydrates by anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection

A direct, sensitive, simple and practical method for simultaneous determination of amino acids and carbohydrates by anion-exchange chromatography with integrated pulsed amperometric detection was developed. The retention behavior of amino acids and carbohydrates on the anion-exchange column and the detection of amino acids and carbohydrates at different integrated pulsed amperometric detection waveforms were investigated. The optimized gradient eluent conditions for analysis of 17 amino acids and nine carbohydrates were obtained. Separation time was 100 min. Detection limits for amino acids and carbohydrates were 5.2-207.1 nM under injection volume of 25 microl. The RSDs of peak area were 1.2-3.3%. The calibration graphs of peak area for the analytes were linear over about three orders of magnitude with a correlation coefficient of 0.9950-0.9999. The method was applied to determine amino acids and carbohydrates in a liquid condiment with satisfactory results.     

Solid-phase peptide synthesis in water. Part 3: A water-soluble N-protecting group, 2-[phenyl(methyl)sulfonio]ethoxycarbonyl tetrafluoroborate, and its application to solid phase peptide synthesis in water

Chemical synthesis of peptides has been performed in various organic solvents, but the safe disposal of organic solvents is now an important environmental issue. Our aim is to be able to perform solid-phase peptide synthesis in water. For this, we have designed a new water-soluble N-protecting group, 2-[phenyl(methyl)sulfonio]ethoxycarbonyl (Pms), and have studied its introduction onto amino acids. Pms-amino acids were prepared by treating 2-(phenylthio)ethoxycarbonyl amino acids with methyl iodide in the presence of silver tetrafluoroborate. Because sulfur-containing amino acids, such as Met and Cys, were modified by the reaction, we designed a new reagent, 2-[phenyl(methyl)sulfonio]ethyl-4-nitrophenyl carbonate, to introduce the Pms group on amino acids. This reagent is a stable crystalline material and its introduction onto amino acids (including sulfur-containing amino acids) was successful. The solid-phase synthesis of Leu- and Met-enkephalin amides using Pms-protected amino acids was successfully achieved in water.     

Separation of Nile Blue-labelled fatty acids by CE with absorbance detection using a red light-emitting diode

The separation of fatty acids derivatised with Nile Blue (NB) by CE with detection using a red light-emitting diode (LED) was examined. NB was selected as the derivatisation agent due to its high molar absorption coefficient of 76,000 M(-1) cm(-1) at 633 nm, making it well suited for sensitive absorbance detection using a red 635 nm LED. NB-labelled fatty acids were separated by both MEKC using SDS micelles, i-PrOH and n-BuOH and by NACE in a number of solvents including MeOH, EtOH and ACN. The sensitivity of NACE was superior to MEKC, with detection limits of 5x10(-7)-7x10(-7) M obtained for each acid, approximately 20 times lower than the MEKC method. The NACE detection limits are approximately 100 times lower than previous reports on the separation of fatty acids by CE using indirect absorbance detection, ten times lower than using indirect fluorescence detection and are inferior only to those obtained using precapillary derivatisation and direct fluorescence detection. The efficiency of the NACE method was also superior to MEKC and allowed the separation of unsaturated fatty acids to be examined, although it was not possible to baseline-resolve linoleic (C18:2) and linolenic (C18:3) acids in a reasonable time. The method was used to analyse the fatty acid profile of two edible oils, namely sunflower and sesame oils, after alkali hydrolysis, where it was possible to identify both the saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in each sample.     

Synthesis and configuration of diastereomeric 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-piperidinedicarboxylic acids and their dimethyl esters

The reduction in an acidic medium over a platinum catalysts of 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2.6-pyridinedicarboxylic acids gave cis-2,4-, -2,5-, and -2,6-piperidinedicarboxylic acids, heating of which in an alkaline medium led to thermodynamically equilibrium mixtures of diastereomers. Individual trans-2,5-piperidinecarboxylic acid was isolated. The configurations of the 2,4-, 2,5-, and 2,6-piperidinedicarboxylic acids and their methyl esters were established by means of the PMR spectra.Translated from Khimiya Geterotsiklicheskikh Soedinenii, No. 3, pp. 367–371, March, 1985.     

Sequential ethoxycarbonylation, methoximation and tert-butyldimethylsilylation for simultaneous determination of amino acids and carboxylic acids by dual-column gas chromatography

Amino acids (AAs) in alkaline solution were first ethoxycarbonylated with subsequent methoximation of keto acids (KAs). After acidification and solid-phase extraction, tert-butyldimethylsilylation was performed for direct analysis by gas chromatography (GC) on dual-columns with different polarities, which provided simultaneous separation of multiple amino acids, carboxylic acids (CAs) and keto acids, facilitating accurate peak confirmation based on matching with retention index sets characteristic of each analyte. The present method was linear (r2 > or = 0.9955) with good precision (0.1-9.4%) and accuracy (-8.6 to 9.9%), allowing simultaneous screening for diagnostic amino acids along with carboxylic acids and keto acids in urine from a phenylketonuria patient.