用阶乘矩技术提高相对论重离子碰撞实验数据样本中QGP事件比例的方法

在相对论重离子碰撞中形成QGP时,与之相伴随的有一些非QGP背景事件.把末态(方位角、快度)二维相空间中阶乘矩剧烈上翘的消失与一些普遍认为的QGP信号(如K/π比的上升)联系起来讨论,提出了一种从实验数据中挑选候选的QGP事件的方法.用Mont–Carlo模拟表明,这种方法有效地提高了挑选出来的子样本中QGP事件的信噪比.     

在弛豫时间近似下QGP中夸克输运系数的一种计算

从动力论方程出发,考虑QGP中平均场效应,采用弛豫时问近似,给出了关于QGP输运系数的一种分析方法,推导出QGP中夸克输运系数解析式,讨论了QGP粘滞效应与导热效应.     

QGP中夸克静色电波的辐射研究

利用QGP中存在德拜屏蔽现象以及高温极限下QGP中夸克的分布函数和色电势,得到QGP中夸克静色电波的辐射功率. 讨论了夸克静色电波的辐射功率与德拜长度λ_D的关系,有助于利用辐射功率研究德拜屏蔽位势.     

高能重离子碰撞中有QGP形成时的多π关联信号

对高能重离子碰撞中有夸克–胶子等离子体(QGP)形成时的多粒子玻色–爱因斯坦关联进行了分析.通过考查多π关联平均强度随事件π多重数的变化表明,当有QGP产生时,多π关联平均强度在某一高多重数区域会有明显的上升;这种信号能够敏感地检测在高能重离子碰撞中少数有QGP形成的高π多重数事件.     

核物质的新型态——夸克物质和相对论重离子碰撞

本文简要地介绍了近年来国际上通过高能重离子(相对论重离子)碰撞,探索产生夸克胶子等离子体(QGP)的进展情况。首先从理论上简单论证利用高能重离子碰撞产生QGP 的相变条件、核相图和产生QGP 的时空演化过程,同时还介绍了近年来CERN 和BNL 两个实验室在探索产生QGP 的实验进展情况。随后,着重介绍了高能重离子碰撞的末态观测量和QGP 的形成信号。     

用阶乘矩技术提高相对论重离子碰撞实验数据样本中QGP事件比例的方法

在相对论重离子碰撞中形成QGP时,与之相伴随的有一些非QGP背景事件．把末态（方位角、快度）二维相空间中阶乘矩剧烈上翘的消失与一些普遍认为的QGP信号（如K／π比的上升）联系起来讨论,提出了一种从实验数据中挑选候选的QGP事件的方法．用Mont－Carlo模拟表明,这种方法有效地提高了挑选出来的子样本中QGP事件的信噪比．     

在弛豫时间近似下QGP动力论方程中的分布函数

从有碰撞项的QGP动力论方程出发,在色涨落扰动下,利用弛豫时间近似,得到至二级修正的夸克和胶子分布函数,通过数值分析重点讨论了高温低密情况下QGP中成分粒子分布函数的特性,并且由分布函数得到净重子数密度和能量密度.     

Modification of the spectra of correlated charm-anticharm quark pairs in the quark-gluon plasma

Heavy quarks play an important role in probing the properties of strongly interacting quark-gluon plasma(QGP)created in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions.We study the interactions of single heavy(charm)quarks and correlated charm and anticharm(ccˉ)quark pairs with the medium constituents of QGP by performing fireball+Langevin simulations of the pertinent Brownian motion with elastic collisions.Besides studying the traditional observables,the nuclear modification factor and the elliptic flow of single heavy quarks in QGP for different thermal relaxation rates,we also study the broadening of the azimuthal correlations of charm and anticharm quark pairs in the QGP medium for different relaxation rates and transverse momenta classes.We quantified the smearing of ccˉpair azimuthal correlations with an increasing thermal relaxation rate:while the(nearly)back-to-back correlations among ccˉpairs are almost completely washed out at low transverse momentum(pT),these correlations at high pT largely survive the pair diffusion.This provides a novel observable for diagnosing the properties of QGP.     

关于QGP中夸克屏蔽位势来自动力论方程的研究

从QGP的动力论方程出发,计及运动检验夸克的色电场扰动,采用微扰方法,并在高温极限下得到QGP中夸克的分布函数和色电势.给出了考虑运动效应在内的德拜长度λ_D(或屏蔽质量ω_D)与温度T的关系,在静态极限下它们与QCD理论相符.     

分析QGP相变级次的一种可能方法

在推广的Ginzburg-Landau理论框架内,解析地研究了在QGP转化为强子的相变过程中多重数差关联矩F_q与相空间间隔δ的依赖关系,提出了一种在实验中判断QGP相变级次的可能方法.此方法的特点在于它不依赖系统温度这个未知的参量,对于低维和高维的实验数据均可以得出相同的相变信息.     

高温高压下湿空气的焓和熵计算

本文以湿空气透平和压缩空气储能系统中的工质-湿空气为研究对象,运用所提出的一个适合计算高温高压湿空气热力学性质的对应态维里方程,对湿空气的偏差焓和偏差熵进行了计算.在湿度0≤ W≤1 kg/kg(A),温度小于573.15 K,压力小于5 MPa时,与ASHRAE用的多项式维里方程计算得到的偏差焓和偏差熵进行了比较,误差很小.用这个对应态维里方程外推计算了温度和压力分别达到600 K和15 MPa的湿空气焓和熵.计算结果表明对湿空气而言压力和湿度越大,偏差焓和偏差熵越大;温度越高,偏差焓和偏差熵越小.     

Hanle Signal Correction for Asymmetric Scattering Region

Hanle technique is used for the lifetime measurement of the atomic excited states. Field dependent Hanle signal is Lorentzian under ideal conditions. Any departure from ideal situation reflects in the shape of the Hanle signal resulting in erroneous lifetime. One such factor and the elimination of its effect has been discussed here.     

The Effect of a Finite Interaction Cross-Section on the Hanle Signal

Hanle technique is used for the lifetime measurement of the atomic excited states. Field dependent Hanle signal is Lorentzian under ideal conditions. Any departure from ideal situation is reflected in the shape of the Hanle signal resulting in erroreous measurements. The effect of one such factor, a finite interaction cross section, is discussed here.     

Evidence for a behavioral significance of saccular acoustic sensitivity in humans

In this article the results are reported of an experiment to provide direct evidence for a perceptual and behavioral significance of human saccular acoustic sensitivity. Ten human subjects were stimulated monaurally with 100-ms trains of 10-ms tone pulses with pulse repetition rate of 40 Hz, and were required to rate the pleasantness of the stimuli on a nine-point scale. The design included three within-subject factors: carrier frequency (two levels, 200 and 4,000 Hz), intensity [13 levels from 55 to 115 dB(A) in 5-dB steps] and ear (left and right). For intensities above 90 dB myogenic vestibular evoked potentials (MVEP) were also obtained from the ipsilateral sternocleidomastoid muscle from which it was possible to obtain thresholds by linear regression of MVEP amplitudes against intensity. A further between-subjects factor was added which assessed subjects' attitude to vestibular sensations. The results indicate that across subjects there is a general trend of decreasing pleasantness with increasing intensity, but for the 200-Hz condition there is a significant positive departure from monotonicity in pleasantness (p<0.05) above the mean saccular threshold. However, when split by the between-subjects factor, the positive departure was only evident for those subjects who have a positive attitude to vestibular sensations (p < 0.01). Implications of these results for human responses to loud sound and the possible evolutionary significance of saccular acoustic sensitivity are discussed.     

LASER DOPPLER ANEMOMETRY MEASUREMENTS OF BUBBLE RISE VELOCITY AND DEPARTURE FREQUENCY

Previous experimental investigations have employed photographic techniques to quantify the rise velocity and departure frequency of bubbles departing from a boiling surface, a method that requires a significant time investment to provide accurate time-averaged results. The current study focuses on applying laser Doppler anemometry (LDA) techniques to quantify these parameters. Initially, the LDA system is employed to measure the rise velocity and departure frequency of air bubbles in FC-72, R-113, and water. These air bubble tests verify the ability of the LDA measurement technique to quantify the bubble parameters. The LDA technique is then used to quantify the bubble parameters from a wire during isolated nucleate boiling conditions in saturated FC-72. Highly time-dependent departure frequencies (7 to 242 Hz) are measured in the isolated nucleate boiling regime. LDA signals representing departure frequencies in the fully developed nucleate boiling regime are discussed.     

Urban rail departure capacity analysis based on a cellular automaton model

As an important traffic mode, urban rail transit is constantly developing toward improvement in service capacity and quality. When an urban rail transit system is evaluated in terms of its service capacity, the train departure capacity is an important index that can objectively reflect the service level of an urban rail transit facility. In light of the existing cellular automaton models, this paper proposes a suitable cellular automaton model to analyze the train departure capacity of urban rail transit under different variable factors and conditions. The established model can demonstrate the train operating processes by implementing the proposed sound rules, including the rules of train departure at the origin and intermediate stations, and the velocity and position updating rules. The properties of train traffic are analyzed via numerical experiments.The numerical results show that the departure capacity is negatively affected by the train departure control manner. In addition,(i) the real-time signal control can offer a higher train service frequency;(ii) the departure capacity gradually rises with the decrease in the line design speed to a limited extent;(iii) the departure capacity decreases with extension in the train length;(iv) the number of departed trains decreases as the train stop time increases;(v) the departure capacity is not affected by the section length. However, the longer the length, the worse the service quality of the urban rail transit line.The experiments show that the proposed cellular automaton model can be used to analyze the train service capacity of an urban rail transit system by performing quantitative analysis under various considered factors, conditions, and management modes.     

Estimating the departure from LTE of non-LTE plasmas

Based on the law of increase of entropy, non-equilibrium coefficients are defined for scaling the departure from local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) of non-LTE plasmas. Numerical examples show that the proposed non-equilibrium coefficients are correct in trend and evaluate the departure quite accurately. Using these coefficients, accurate criteria for full LTE can also be obtained.     

Fluctuations in airport arrival and departure traffic: A network analysis

Air traffic is a typical complex system,in which movements of traffic components(pilots,controllers,equipment,and environment),especially airport arrival and departure traffic,form complicated spatial and temporal dynamics.The fluctuations of airport arrival and departure traffic are studied from the point of view of networks as the special correlation between different airports.Our collected flow volume data on the time-dependent activity of US airport arrival and departure traffic indicate that the coupling between the average flux and the fluctuation of an individual airport obeys a certain scaling law with a wide variety of scaling exponents between 1/2 and 1.These scaling phenomena can explain the interaction between the airport internal dynamics(e.g.queuing at airports,a ground delay program and following flying traffic) and a change in the external(network-wide) traffic demand(e.g.an increase in traffic during peak hours every day),allowing us to further understand the mechanisms governing the collective behaviour of the transportation system.We separate internal dynamics from external fluctuations using a scaling law which is helpful for us to systematically determine the origin of fluctuations in airport arrival and departure traffic,uncovering the collective dynamics.Hot spot features are observed in airport traffic data as the dynamical inhomogeneity in the fluxes of individual airports.The intrinsic characteristics of airport arrival and departure traffic under severe weather is discussed as well.     

Effect of Bubble Contact Diameter on Bubble Departure Size in Flow Boiling

The growth and departure of bubbles on a vertical heated wall of an annular channel in flow boiling were observed by a high-speed camera, and the bubble contact diameter and bubble departure diameter were measured. It was found that bubble departure diameters were different among different nucleation sites in the same boiling area (same test condition, same surface roughness). Force balance on a single bubble attached to the heated surface was also analyzed to explain this phenomenon. The theoretical research results show that bubble contact diameter has a significant influence on bubble departure diameter, and the corresponding departure diameter is larger as the bubble contact diameter is larger. This agrees with the visual experimental results.     

关于组分调制结构的超模量效应

本文用一简化的Thomas-Fermi方程,计算了组分调制结构中偏离局域电中性的电子分布及由此而引起的附加能量,从而导出了双轴模量随调制周期变化的关系。所得结果至少可以定性地解释在这类结构中实验发现的超模量效应。 关键词：