PMMA人工晶状体表面的CF4/O2等离子体修饰

为了改善聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)人工晶状体的生物相容性和透光性, 采用CF4/O2等离子体技术修饰其表面. 通过衰减全反射红外光谱(ATR-FTIR)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、静态接触角(CA)测定、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见近红外光谱(UV-Vis)等方法进行表征, 结果表明, 经CF4/O2等离子体处理后, PMMA表面的含氟和含氧基团增加, 其表面的亲水性增强, 生物相容性改善, 紫外光的隔离效率增大. 因此, 通过CF4/O2等离子体修饰能够有效地改善PMMA人工晶状体的性质.     

交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500基凝胶电解质锂离子键合极性基团作用FTIR研究

用聚乙二醇(PEG1500)和甲醇先后与共聚物(P(MMA-MAh))发生酯化反应,合成得到交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500.以该交联聚合物P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500、碳酸丙烯酯(PC)和锂盐(LiClO4)为三种组分制备凝胶聚合物电解质,电解质性能必会受到这些组分间存在的微观相互作用的影响.采用FTIR来研究PC和P(MMA-MAh)-PEG1500中存在的极性基团(C=O和C—O—C)与Li+的相互作用.对于PC/LiClO4和polymer/LiClO4体系,FTIR定量分析显示,极性基团对Li+的吸收系数分别为0.113和0.267,说明在红外光谱中Li+键合C=O和C—O—C极性基团比自由极性基团吸收灵敏度高;另外,计算该二体系中Li+键合极性基团(C=O和C—O—C)的当量百分数极限值分别为94%和45%,表明极性基团与Li+间存在的相互作用是可逆的,并且体系PC/LiClO4中相互作用强度大于体系polymer/LiClO4.     

硅胶表面键合物的正电子湮没谱研究

本文在多孔无定形硅胶的表面上键合了不同极性的化学基团, 制成一系列相同基体, 但表面基团不同的样品, 测定了其正电子湮没寿命谱, 发现寿命谱的最长寿命组份随表面键合基不同, 寿命值有明显差别。寿命值与基团的极性及基团的体积有关, 正电子湮没谱的最长寿命组份能灵敏地表征表面的极性和化学性, 可作为表面化学定性分析的有用技术。     

荧光探针法研究连接基团对双子型阳离子表面活性剂聚集行为的影响

利用荧光探针法和表面张力法测定了新型双子型阳离子表面活性剂的临界胶团浓度(cmc)、最低表面张力(γ_cmc)、胶团微极性和胶团聚集数(N_agg),探讨了连接基团对此类表面活性剂在水溶液中聚集行为的影响.结果表明,当连接基团增长时,cmc和胶团微极性增加,γ_cmc增大,N_agg减少,表面活性降低,在溶液中自发形成胶团的能力减弱.     

顺磁共振和紫外光谱法研究SDS-PEO体系的相互作用

合成更疏水的自旋探针4 羰基 2,2,6,6 四甲基哌啶氮氧自由基 2,4 二硝基苯腙.用顺磁共振（ESR）和紫外光谱法研究了十二烷基硫酸钠（SDS） 0.5 ％(w,质量分数)聚氧乙烯（PEO）体系的分子间相互作用. ESR结果表明,此水溶液体系的微极性随SDS浓度增大而减小,并且SDS与PEO聚集体具有更加紧密的堆积结构使其结合处具有较大的微粘性, SDS与PEO间的相互作用导致PEO分子链伸展. UV表明自旋探针分子可能靠近胶束的表面存在, 2,4 二硝基苯肼基团可能位于靠近SDS的硫酸根基团,定向于SDS胶束的表面,氮氧自由基基团短距离渗透到SDS胶束的碳氢核.     

阳离子碳氢/碳氟表面活性剂与中性高聚物相互作用的研究

研究了阳离子碳氢表面活性剂十二烷基三烷基溴化铵[C12H25N(CnH2n＋1)3Br, n＝1, 2, 3, 4]和阳离子碳氟表面活性剂F[CF(CF3)CF2O]2CF(CF3)CONH(CH2)3N(C2H5)2CH3I (FCI-2)分别与中性高聚物聚氧乙烯(PEO, 分子量20000)和聚氧乙烯-聚氧丙烯三嵌段共聚物[(EO)76(PO)29(EO)76, F68]的相互作用. 结果表明, 所用的碳氢阳离子表面活性剂与PEO和F68均无相互作用, 但碳氟阳离子表面活性剂FCI-2与PEO和F68均具有明显的相互作用, 而且F68与FCI-2的相互作用强于PEO与FCI-2体系. 结果也初步表明碳氟表面活性剂与高聚物的相互作用强于碳氢表面活性剂-高聚物体系.     

碳纤维表面酰氯化及其与尼龙6的接枝Ι.接枝方法及复合材料的力学性能

通过碳纤维(CF)表面官能团的酰氯化,采用阴离子接枝反应制备了表面接枝尼龙6(PA6)的碳纤维. SEM观察表明,接枝PA6的CF表面呈粗颗粒状形态. XPS结果表明,CF表面N/C 比例由接枝前的0.030提高到接枝PA6后的0.061. 接枝率达2.1%以上. 接枝PA6的CF增强了CF与PA6复合材料界面的相互作用,剪切强度提高了14%.     

聚离子液体修饰碳纳米管及其对环氧树脂力学性能的影响

为改善多壁碳纳米管(MWCNTs)在环氧树脂(EP)中的分散性和界面性质,以1-乙烯基-3-丁基咪唑六氟磷酸盐([VBIM]PF6)为单体合成聚离子液体(PIL),用于MWCNTs的表面改性.用热重分析(TG),拉曼光谱(Raman)和扫描电镜(SEM)对改性碳纳米管(PIL-CNTs)进行了表征.结果表明,PIL可吸附在MWCNTs表面且不改变MWCNTs的电子结构.与原始MWCNTs相比,PIL-CNTs在丙酮中的分散性更好.在EP中加入0.5 wt%的PIL-CNTs,以4,4'-二氨基二苯甲烷(DDM)为固化剂制备环氧树脂固化物.动态力学(DMA)研究表明,PIL-CNTs提高了EP的储能模量,玻璃化温度比纯EP和MWCNTs/EP分别提高了5.6℃和3.3℃;PILCNTs/EP的拉伸强度,弯曲强度和冲击强度较纯EP分别提高了35.2%,26.4%和45.0%.拉伸断面的SEM可看出PIL-CNTs在复合材料中的分散性和与环氧树脂基体的界面结合力均优于原始MWCNTs.     

强聚电解质在DMSO/THF中溶剂化状态的变化

高分子中电离基团的电离状态取决于分子链溶剂化层的极性.极性大,电离基团离解,体系以静电斥力为主;极性小,电离基团成为离子对,偶极吸引在体系中占主导地位.磺酸基共聚凝胶在二甲基亚砜(ＤＭＳＯ)和四氢呋喃(ＴＨＦ)混合溶剂中的体积相变从宏观上表现出上述两种状态可以互相转变[1-3],相应的线型聚电解质在此混合溶剂中的溶解与沉淀也是这种转变的表现[1].然而,由于优先溶剂化的存在,溶剂组成并不与高分子链溶剂化层的组成相同.揭示聚电解质分子溶剂化层的变化规律对于研究该体系相互作用的转变及凝聚态结构变化具有重要意义.　　将荧光发…     

碳材料表面特性及形貌对阻燃环氧树脂燃烧和热解行为的影响

将制备的4种植物基多孔碳,甘蔗渣炭(SBC)、竹叶炭(BLC)、稻壳炭(RHC)及竹茎炭(BSC),以及购置的椰壳炭(CSC)、果壳炭(NSC)、碳纳米管(CNTs)及可膨胀石墨(EG)分别与聚磷酸铵(APP)复合用于阻燃环氧树脂(EP),研究了碳材料比表面积、表面活性及微观形貌对APP阻燃EP燃烧和热解行为的影响.物理吸附仪、X射线光电子能谱仪(XPS)、扫描电镜研究指出,颗粒状竹茎多孔碳(BSC)的比表面积(2063m2/g)及表面活性基团C—O—、C≡O及COO—的比例显著大于其他碳材料;各种碳材料均以微米级尺度分布于阻燃EP基体.氧指数(LOI)、UL 94垂直燃烧及锥形量热仪研究表明,0.8 wt%BSC或CNTs与3.1 wt%APP协同阻燃EP的LOI分别由EP的24.6%提高到27.3%和27.6%,UL 94均为V-1级,峰值热释放速率分别比EP/APP降低了27%和28%.碳材料的协同阻燃效果主要取决于微观形貌;对于颗粒状多孔碳,其比表面积、O/C比及表面活性基团比例越大,协同阻燃效果越好.热失重分析、共聚焦拉曼光谱及XPS研究证实,碳材料提高了EP/APP复合材料的初始分解温度和残炭量;大的比表面及表面活性,以及管状形貌能够提高环氧树脂复合材料高温残炭量、促进残炭类石墨化转变、改善残炭耐高温氧化性能.     

The mechanical properties of plasma‐treated carbon fiber reinforced PA6 composites with CNT

The aim of this work is the evaluation of the effects of plasma treatment and the addition of CNT on the mechanical properties of carbon fibre/PA6 composite. A powder impregnation process with integrated inline continuous plasma of carbon fibers was used to produce CF/PA6 composite. CF/PA6 composite was processed into test laminates by compression moulding, and interface dominated composite properties were studied. The tensile and impact strength of composites containing CNT and plasma‐treated carbon fibres improved obviously. The tensile strength of nanocomposite largely increases with the increasing of the CNT content and then decreases when the CNT content is over 2%. The hydroxyl groups of the fibers surface are in favor of the wettability of carbon fibers by the polar matrix resin, which is resulting in a further interaction of the fiber surface with the curing system of the matrix resin.     

Interfacial strength and mechanisms of silicone resin composites reinforced with 2 different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes/carbon fiber hybrids

Grafting nanoscale reinforcement onto macrolevel carbon fiber (CF) surface is an efficient approach to improve interfacial strength and properties of composites. In the research, 2 different polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxanes (POSS)/CF hybrids have been prepared by a facile 2‐step method. Carbon fiber was grafted with aniline groups by aryl diazonium reaction using water as the reaction medium, and then separately functionalized with glycidyllsobutyl POSS (EP0418) or glycidyl POSS (EP0409) by the chemical bonding. Characterization of fiber surface structures before and after modification confirmed the covalent bonding nature between both kinds of POSS and CF. Atomic force microscopy images showed the uniform distributions of EP0418 or EP0409 modified on the fiber surface and the similar enhanced degree of surface roughness (89.3 and 88.7 nm). Dynamic contact angle tests showed that EP0409‐grafted CF (CF‐g‐EP0409) had lower contact angles and higher surface free energy than those of EP0418‐grafted CF (CF‐g‐EP0418). Interfacial strength and hydrothermal aging resistance of composites enhanced significantly after POSS modification, especially for CF‐g‐EP0409 composites. Interfacial reinforcing mechanisms of composites reinforced with 2 different POSS/CF hybrids have also been analyzed and compared.     

High thermal conductivity EP adhesive based on the GO/EP interface optimized by TDI

Graphene oxide (GO) was used as the filler to modify the epoxy resin (EP) adhesive, and the GO/EP interface was optimized by toluene diisocyanate (TDI) in order to improve the thermal conductivity and T peel strength performance of the adhesive. Through the characterization of the GO product, which was modified by TDI, TDI was grafted onto the surface of GO, and there were NCO groups remaining; thus the chemical bonds were built onto the interface which was non‐wetting between GO and EP. The results of the properties characterization of the adhesive indicated that the bonding properties were significantly enhanced, especially the T peel strength, which was up to 9.62 N/mm, which was contributed by the optimized GO/EP interface. The thermal conductivity of the adhesive increased to 0.624 W m^?1 K^?1, as the interface thermal resistance was reduced after the interface between GO/EP was optimized by TDI. The insulation performance of the adhesive was also improved, since the well‐dispersed GO formed a micro‐capacitance model in EP, and the surface of GO was covered by the EP so that the electronic paths were blocked by the formed chemical bonds.     

Effects of noncovalently functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotube with hyperbranched polyesters on mechanical properties of epoxy composites

In order to improve the dispersibility and interface properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) in epoxy resin (EP), aromatic hyperbranched polyesters with terminal carboxyl (HBP) and aromatic hyperbranched polyesters with terminal amino groups (HBPN) were used for noncovalent functionalization of MWCNTs. Epoxy composites reinforced by different types of MWCNT were prepared. The effects of noncovalent functionalization of MWCNTs on the dispersibility, wettability, interface properties and mechanical properties of epoxy composites were investigated. The results show that the dispersibility and wettability of MWCNTs are significantly improved after noncovalent functionalization. A large number of terminal primary amines (NH₂) on noncovalently functionalized MWCNT with HBPN (HBPN-MWCNT) form covalent bonds with EP matrix, and thus the interfacial adhesion is enhanced significantly, resulting in high load transfer efficiency and substantial increase in mechanical properties. The interface with covalent bonding formed between the flexible hyperbranched polyester layer on the surface of HBPN-MWCNT and the EP matrix promotes plastic deformation of the surrounding EP matrix. The toughening mechanisms of HBPN-MWCNT are MWCNT pull-out and a large amount of plastic deformation of the surrounding EP matrix.     

Friction and wear properties of combined surface modified carbon fabric reinforced phenolic composites

Carbon fabric (CF) was surface treated with silane-coupling agent modification, HNO₃ oxidation, combined surface treatment, respectively. The friction and wear properties of the carbon fabric reinforced phenolic composites (CFP), sliding against GCr15 steel rings, were investigated on an M-2000 model ring-on-block test rig. Experimental results revealed that combined surface treatment largely reduced the friction and wear of the CFP composites. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation of the worn surfaces of the CFP composites showed that combined surface modified CFP composite had the strongest interfacial adhesion and the smoothest worn surface under given load and sliding rate. SEM and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study of carbon fiber surface showed that the fiber surface became rougher and the oxygen concentration increased greatly after combined surface treatment, which improved the adhesion between the fiber and the phenolic resin matrix and hence to improve the friction-reduction and anti-wear properties of the CFP composite.     

Preparation and characterization of functionalized graphene oxide/carbon fiber/epoxy nanocomposites

Graphene oxide (GO) was functionalized using three different diamines, namely ethylenediamine (EDA), 4,4′-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) and p-phenylenediamine (PPD) to reinforce an epoxy adhesive, with the aim of improving the bonding strength of carbon fiber/epoxy composite. The chemical structure of the functionalized GO (FGO) nanosheets was characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR and XRD. Hand lay-up, as a simple method, was applied for 3-ply composite fabrication. In the sample preparation, the fiber-to-resin ratio of 40:60 (w:w) and fiber orientations of 0°, 90°, and 0° were used. The GO and FGO nanoparticles were first dispersed in the epoxy resin, and then the GO and FGO reinforced epoxy (GO- or FGO-epoxy) were directly introduced into the carbon fiber layers to improve the mechanical properties. The GO and FGO contents varied in the range of 0.1–0.5 wt%. Results showed that the mechanical properties, in terms of tensile and flexural properties, were mainly dependent on the type of GO functionalization followed by the percentage of modified GO. As a result, both the tensile and flexural strengths are effectively enhanced by the FGOs addition. The tensile and flexural moduli are also increased by the FGO filling in the epoxy resin due to the excellent elastic modulus of FGO. The optimal FGO content for effectively improving the overall composite mechanical performance was found to be 0.3 wt%. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) revealed that the failure mechanism of carbon fibers pulled out from the epoxy matrix contributed to the enhancement of the mechanical performance of the epoxy. These results show that diamine FGOs can strengthen the interfacial bonding between the carbon fibers and the epoxy adhesive.     

The surface modification of carbon fiber for thermoplastic HDPE composites

The interfacial adhesion strength between the fiber and the matrix greatly affects the properties of the carbon fiber (CF)–reinforced composite. The presence of surface functional groups on the fiber and changes in surface roughness were determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The effect of surface modification of CF on the mechanical properties and tribological properties of the composites is enhanced. The performance has been significantly improved. SEM analysis showed that modification had a positive effect on the interface between fiber and matrix. In the paper, the method of CF modification and the treatment of enhanced high-density polyethylene have simple and effective characteristics, which can be widely used and have guiding significance for industrial production.     

Wettability of carbon fibers modified by acrylic acid and interface properties of carbon fiber/epoxy

The oxidation-reduction and pre-irradiation induced methods were employed to study the effect of acrylic acid modification on the wetting and adsorption ability of carbon fiber (CF) in epoxy solution and the interfacial properties of CF/epoxy. Systematic experimental work was conducted to determine the surface topography, surface energy, surface chemical composition, absorbability and tensile strength of carbon fibers and interfacial adhesion of CF/epoxy before and after modification. The roughness, surface energy, amount of containing-oxygen functional groups and wetting ability were all found to increase significantly after modifications. The tensile strength of carbon fibers was improved marginally by γ-ray pre-irradiation while was decreased little by oxidation-reduction modification. Consequently, the surface modifications of carbon fibers via both oxidation-reduction and pre-irradiation led to an improvement (more than 15%) of the interlaminar shear strength of CF/epoxy composites. The mechanisms of interfacial improvement of modified CF/epoxy composites are proposed.     

Improved interfacial properties of PI composites through graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes on carbon fiber surface

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been identified as excellent nanoreinforcements for carbon fiber (CF)–reinforced polymers regarding a wide range of engineering applications. The outstanding properties of CNTs, such as their large surface area, high mechanical strength, and low manufacturing cost bring them to be distinguished nanoreinforcements for carbon fiber–reinforced polymers to form multifunctional and multiscale composites. Electrophoretic deposition of graphene oxide for CNTs onto the CF surface was conducted. The presence of graphene oxide–CNTs may effectively increase both the roughness and wettability of the CF surface, resulting in an improvement to the interfacial bonding strength between the CF and the polyimide (PI).     

等离子接枝处理的CF/PAA复合材料层间剪切强度及其形貌研究

采用等离子技术对碳纤维(CF)进行接枝芳基乙炔(PAA)处理,研究了影响CF／PAA复合材料层间剪切强度(ILSS)的因素。结果表明,经等离子接枝PAA处理后,复合材料的ILSS有了很大提高。SEM显示经接枝处理后CF和PAA树脂之间的界面结合紧密,改善了复合材料的界面结合性能。