Preparation and Thermal Properties of Polycarbonates/esters Catalyzed by Using Dinuclear Salph‐Al from Ring‐Opening Polymerization of Epoxide Monomers

A dinuclear Salph‐Al complex/bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium chloride catalyst system was synthesized and employed for cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and CO₂ copolymerization. The catalyst system had an excellent selectivity of 99 % for carbonate linkages and the resultant poly(cyclohexene carbonate) (PCHC) had a high glass transition temperature (T _g) of 123.8 °C and a thermal decomposition temperature (5 % weight loss; T _{d 5 %}) of 265 °C. Furthermore, this catalyst system was active in the polymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA) and epoxides. Poly(CHO‐alt ‐PA) was completely alternating, and had improved thermal properties (T _g=142.7 and T _{d 5 %}=295 °C) compared with PCHC. The T _g values of the polyesters could be adjusted by addition of PO to the CHO/PA reaction system. For the CHO/PO/PA terpolymerization, CHO and PO participated concurrently and proportionally in the chain growth and the obtained terpolyesters had tunable T _g values from 62.8 to 142.7 °C depending on the CHO/PO feed ratio.     

半芳香共聚酰胺的合成及热稳定性的研究

采用熔融缩聚法, 合成了长碳链聚酰胺(PA1212)与聚对苯二甲酰十二碳二胺(PA12T)的新型半芳香共聚酰胺, 用FTIR, 1H NMR和DSC对产物结构进行了表征. 通过热重分析研究了共聚酰胺在N2气氛中以不同升温速率β升温时的热降解过程与机理. 结果表明PA1212/12T的降解为一步过程, 随着β的增大, 平衡降解温度线性升高. 用Kissinger和Flynn-Wall-Ozawa两种方法求得PA1212/12T的热降解表观活化能分别为126.9和127.9 kJ/mol. 用Coats-Redfern法证明了PA1212/12T的热降解机理为Deceleration类型中的R1或F3降解机理.     

The polymerization of oxiranes with the α-chlorobenzyl methyl sulfide–antimony pentachloride initiator system

α-Thiomethoxyphenylmethylium hexachloroantimonate was prepared from α-chlorobenzyl methyl sulfide and antimony pentachloride and studied by visible spectroscopy. The salt is unstable at room temperature and used as in situ initiator for the polymerization of oxiranes in dichloromethane. Propylene oxide (PO) and cyclohexene oxide (CHO) were used as oxiranes. The microstructure of PO polymer is amorphous by ¹³C-NMR. The initiator was more effective for the polymerization of CHO than for that of PO.     

Study of electronic effect in bifunctional catalysts for the copolymerization of CO2 and PO/CHO

Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an easily available renewable carbon source that can be used as a comonomer in the catalytic ring-opening polymerization of epoxides to form aliphatic polycarbonates. Herein, a series of new Salen-Co(III) bifunctional catalysts were synthesized for the first time, and they were studied to catalyze the copolymerization of CO₂ and propylene oxide (PO)/cyclohexene oxide (CHO). At the same time, the effects of reaction conditions (electronic effect, temperature, time) on catalytic activity and selectivity were investigated. The results show that the Salen-Co(III) complexes with electron-withdrawing groups have higher selectivity and activity for propylene carbonate (PPC)/cyclohexylene carbonate (PCHC). At the same time, the Salen-Co(III) complexes can better catalyze the copolymerization of CHO and CO₂ than that of PO and CO₂. The catalytic efficiency of the four complexes increased with increasing temperature, and the best reaction condition is 80°C, 30 min and 2 MPa of CO₂.     

高聚物负载双金属催化剂催化二氧化碳-氧化环己烯的共聚反应

由CO2 氧化环己烯 (CHO)配位催化共聚制得高Tg 的脂肪族聚碳酸亚环己基酯 ,并用IR、NMR和DSC等进行了表征 ,用TG对聚合物的热稳定性进行分析 .加入环氧丙烷 (PO)三元共聚并分析PO/CHO摩尔比对Tg 的影响 .加入异氰酸苯酯有提高产物特性粘数的作用     

软段结构对聚氨酯性能影响的研究

用熔融缩聚法俣成了己二酸系和己二酸／芳香二酸混合系两个系列的聚酯；同溶液一步法将部分聚酯与ＭＤＩ反应，形成一系列聚酯型氨酯，以化学分析，ＶＰＯ，ＩＲ，ＤＳＣ，ＷＡＸＤ，力学拉伸等手段对聚酯和聚氨酯进行了表征；讨论了软段聚酯的结构对聚氨酯的结晶性，耐热性，粘结性等性能的影响。     

氧化环己烯连续进料下二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的合成

由于氧化环己烯（CHO）与二氧化碳的共聚反应速度比其与环氧丙烷（PO）快,这种竞聚率的差异导致一锅法所得的二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的组成难以稳定控制。 为此本文在稀土三元催化剂下,采用氧化环己烯单体连续进料的方法合成了二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物,催化效率可达575 g/(mol Zn h)。 三元共聚物的玻璃化转变温度随CHO含量升高而增大,当CHO的摩尔投料比从0.19增加到0.59时,玻璃化温度从44.3 ℃提高到70.1 ℃。 CHO连续进料合成的三元共聚物的组成与投料比基本相近,且连续进料法所合成的三元共聚物只有一个玻璃化转变温度,而普通的一锅法所得的三元共聚物通常存在两个玻璃化转变温度,因此连续进料法是制备组成稳定的二氧化碳-环氧丙烷-氧化环己烯三元共聚物的有效方法。     

Synthesis and characterization of high molecular weight poly(1,2-propylene carbonate-<Emphasis Type="Italic">co</Emphasis>-1,2-cyclohexylene carbonate) using zinc complex catalyst

Using supported multi-component zinc dicarboxylate catalyst,poly（1,2-propylene carbonate-co-1,2-cyclohexylene carbonate）（PPCHC） was successfully synthesized from carbon dioxide（CO₂） with propylene oxide（PO） and cyclohexene oxide（CHO）.The conversion of epoxides dramatically increased up to 89.7%（yield:384.2 g of polymer per g of Zn） with increasing reaction temperature from 60℃to 80℃.The optimized reaction temperature is 80℃.The chemical structure,the molecular weight,as well as thermal and mechanical properties of the resulting terpolymers were investigated extensively. When CHO feed content（mol%） is lower than 10%,the PPCHC terpolymers have number average molecular weight（M_n） ranging from 102×10³ to 202×10³ and molecular weight distribution（MWD） values ranging from 2.8 to 3.5.In contrast to poly（propylene carbonate）（PPC）,the introduction of small amount of CHO leads to increase in the glass transition temperature from 38.0℃to 42.6℃.Similarly,the mechanical strength of the synthesized terpolymer is greatly enhanced due to the incorporation of CHO.These improvements in mechanical and thermal properties are of importance for the practical application of PPC.     

Soluble LC polyesters and their blend behavior

Poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) with substituents on the hydroquinone or on both monomer units were synthesized with the aim to obtain soluble LC polyesters. Focus was given to phenylalkyl substitution. With one phenylalkyl group in the repeating unit the polyesters are crystalline with melting points > 300°C. With two substituents the crystallinity is very low or the polymers are amorphous. These polyesters are soluble in chloroform forming isotropic solutions. Isotropic films of polyesters obtained from these solutions either crystallize or become anisotropic if heated above the glass transition temperature. The exponent in the Kuhn-Mark-Houwink equation is 0.95. Some of the polyesters form homogenous ternary solutions with polycarbonate. Films of the blends show additivity of modulus with respect to both components.     

一类可纺丝的全芳香热致性液晶共聚酯的合成和表征

利用Higashi芳香聚酯直接缩聚法的原理 ,采用一步混合投料直接缩聚的方法 ,以对羟基苯甲酸(PHB)、间苯二甲酸 (MPA)、4 ,4′ 二羟基二苯酮 (DHBP)和对苯二酚 (HQ)为单体原料 ,合成了全芳香共聚酯 .该合成方法反应条件温和 ,简单易控 ,产物分子量高 .用差热分析 (DSC)、热重分析 (TA)、偏光显微镜 (PLM)、广角X 射线衍射 (WAXD)等测试分析手段对共聚酯的热性能和液晶特性进行了表征 .研究结果表明 ,利用此方法合成所得的聚合物呈明显的向列型热致液晶特性 ,热稳定性高 ,并具有极易成纤的特点 ,有望成为一种可用于纺丝的全芳香热致液晶共聚酯材料     

Trinuclear salphen–chromium(III)chloride complexes as catalysts for the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides

Although the alternating copolymerization of epoxides and cyclic anhydrides is a promising route to aliphatic polyesters, improved catalysts are required to realize commercialization of this process. Herein, trinuclear chromium complexes of salicylaldimine, in conjunction with a nucleophilic cocatalyst, are demonstrated as excellent catalysts for epoxide/cyclic anhydride copolymerization, selectively affording perfectly alternating polyesters. The effect of the distance between the chromium species is investigated by varying the bridging skeleton in a series of trinuclear salphen–Cr(III)Cl complexes for obtaining different Cr–Cr distances. Trinuclear salphenCr(III)–complexes with Cr–Cr distances of approximately 7.3 Å are found to be efficient copolymerization catalysts, even at high temperatures and extremely low catalyst loadings. In particular, a high activity of 10,620 h⁻¹ is obtained for the copolymerization of cyclohexene oxide (CHO) and phthalic anhydride (PA) under a low catalyst loading (<0.01 mol%) at 100 °C. In situ infrared spectroscopy studies suggest that the activation energy of the trinuclear Cr(III)–salphen catalyst for CHO/PA copolymerization is 15 kJ mol⁻¹ lower than that of the corresponding mononuclear catalyst owing to an intramolecular synergistic effect among the metal atoms.     

Reactively and physically compatibilized immiscible polymer blends: stability of the copolymer at the interface

This paper reports on the interfacial behaviour of block and graft copolymers used as compatibilizers in immiscible polymer blends. A limited residence time of the copolymer at the interface has been shown in both reactive blending and blend compatibilization by preformed copolymers. Polystyrene (PS)/polyamide6 (PA6), polyphenylene oxide (PPO)/PA6 and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)/PA6 blends have been reactively compatibilized by a styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer SMA. The extent of miscibility of SMA with PS, PPO and PMMA is a key criterion for the stability of the graft copolymer at the interface. For the first 10 to 15 minutes of mixing, the in situ formed copolymer is able to decrease the particle size of the dispersed phase and to prevent it from coalescencing. However, upon increasing mixing time, the copolymer leaves the interface which results in phase coalescence. In PS/LDPE blends compatibilized by preformed PS/hydrogenated polybutadiene (hPB) block copolymers, a tapered diblock stabilizes efficiently a co-continuous two-phase morphology, in contrast to a triblock copolymer that was unable to prevent phase coarsening during annealing at 180°C for 150 minutes.     

Synthesis of soluble LC-polyesters

Soluble LC polymers were synthesized with the aim to approach molecular reinforcement. Chemical modification results in a decrease of the crystallinity and an increase of the solubility. Substitution of the amide hydrogen in poly(4-aminobenzoic acid) by a methyl group reduces the stiffness of the polymer very much, and as a result no lyotropic solutions are obtained. Poly(p-phenylene terephthalate) with substituents on the hydroquinone or on both monomer units were synthesized. With one phenylalkyl group in the repeating unit the polyesters are crystalline with melting points > 300°C. With two substituents the polymers form in many cases amorphous anisotropic glasses at room temperature. 2-Biphenyl is the most effective substituent with regard to increase of solubility. These polyesters form isotropic solutions in chloroform. Isotropic films obtained from these solutions become anisotropic on heating above the glass transition temperature. Films of polyester/polycarbonate blends show additivity of E-modulus with respect to both compounds.     

PSt-b-PEO增容PA6/PS共混体系的研究

采用动态力学方法（ＤＭＡ），形态学方法（ＳＥＭ），研究了ＰＳｔ ｂ ＰＥＯ存在下尼龙６（ＰＡ６）／聚苯乙烯（ＰＳ）共混体系的相容性．研究表明，ＰＡ６和ＰＳ的简单共混体系，分散相相畴尺寸大，相界面清晰，断裂面光滑，呈脆性断裂，相容性极差，属不相容体系．而加入少量ＰＳｔ ｂ ＰＥＯ后分散相尺寸变小，界面层变厚，界面粘结力增强，表现出韧性特征．     

Miscibility and isothermal crystallization behavior of polyamide 6/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend

An investigation of miscibility and isothermal crystallization behavior of Polyamide 6 (PA6)/Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) blends was conducted. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) analysis indicated that the interactions between the carbonyl groups of PA6 and hydroxyl groups of PVA increase as the weight ratios of PA6 to PVA of PA6/PVA specimens increase. This interaction between PA6 and PVA leads to their miscibility in the amorphous region and even some extent effects on their crystal phase, respectively. Further isothermal crystallization behavior of PA6/PVA indicate that the miscibility of PVA in PA6 leading difficulty in crystallization of PA6. Several kinetics equations are employed to describe the effects of PVA on the crystallization properties of PA6 in PA6/PVA blends in detail. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 46: 1360–1368, 2008     

半芳香尼龙6T/66的合成和非等温结晶动力学的研究

采用成盐、预聚合、固相聚合三步法制备高分子量的PA6T/66,用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了PA6T/66的非等温结晶动力学,结果表明:结晶温度随着降温速率的增大而降低;半结晶期T1/2随降温速率Ф的增大呈指数下降,表明结晶速率随降温速率的增大而提高;由用R-T法可以得到在不同结晶度下lgΦ对lgT有较好的线性关系。用Kissinger方法计算得到PA6T/66(55/45)非等温结晶活化能分别为ΔE=-61.51kJ/mol。     

聚碳酸环己烯酯的研究进展

以CO2和环氧环己烷(CHO)为原料合成的聚碳酸环己烯酯(PCHC),是一种新型可降解材料.本文对聚碳酸环己烯酯的合成、性能及应用研究进行了综述.     

聚苯醚/聚苯乙烯共混物溶液浇铸膜的热演化行为

聚苯醚与聚苯乙烯共混物是目前相容性最好的共混体系之一。几十年来人们对该共混体系相容的原因进行了广泛的研究^[1-4]。聚苯醚是半结晶聚合物,在溶剂或溶剂蒸气存在的条件下容易形成结晶,溶剂的性质及结晶的条件都会影响聚苯醚的结晶结构及其形态^[5-8]。用溶液共昆、凝聚成膜的方法制备共混物时,一种结晶性高分子怎样与另一种高分子演化成相容的非晶共混体系,是一个比较有意义的研究课题。本文运用DSC方法,研究了聚苯醚与聚苯乙烯两者溶液共混凝聚成膜后,在各种热历史条件下结晶结构的消亡和演化成非晶相容体系的行为。     

二氧化碳-氧化环己烯的共聚反应

由CO2 -氧化环己烯 (CHO)配位催化共聚制得高Tg 的脂肪族聚环己基撑碳酸酯 ,并用IR、NMR和DSC等进行了表征 ,用TG对聚合物的热稳定性进行了分析。加入异氰酸苯酯有提高产物特性粘数的作用。     

Nanocrystallization-locked Network of Poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene)-g-Polytetrahydrofuran Block Graft Copolymer

Poly(styrene-b-isobutylene-b-styrene) triblock copolymer(SIBS), a kind of thermoplastic elastomer with biocompatibility and biostability containing fully saturated soft segments, could be synthesized via living cationic copolymerization. A novel poly[(styrene-comethylstyrene)-b-isobutylene-b-(styrene-co-methylstyrene)]-g-polytetrahydrofuran(M-SIBS-g-PTHF) block graft copolymer was prepared to increase the polarity and service temperature of SIBS by grafting polar PTHF segments onto SIBS. A serie...