外包钢-砼组合梁纯扭作用下抗扭刚度的实验及数值模拟

为了研究新型外包钢-砼T形截面组合梁在纯扭作用下的变形性能,设计了5根不同配箍率的的足尺悬臂组合梁。通过对5根悬臂梁的抗扭性能的实验研究,得到了组合梁的扭矩-扭率关系曲线。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对组合梁的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析,得到了混凝土与外包钢在极限阶段的应力云图。根据实验以及有限元结果分析了组合梁在整个加载过程中扭转刚度的变化。基于现行砼结构设计规范,提出了组合梁从开裂到极限阶段抗扭刚度的计算公式,可供组合梁受扭设计参考。把有限元模型和公式的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,三者吻合较好。     

外包钢-砼组合梁纯扭作用下抗扭刚度的实验及数值模拟

为了研究新型外包钢-砼T形截面组合梁在纯扭作用下的变形性能,设计了5根不同配箍率的的足尺悬臂组合梁。通过对5根悬臂梁的抗扭性能的实验研究,得到了组合梁的扭矩-扭率关系曲线。利用有限元分析软件ANSYS,对组合梁的抗扭性能进行了非线性有限元分析,得到了混凝土与外包钢在极限阶段的应力云图。根据实验以及有限元结果分析了组合梁在整个加载过程中扭转刚度的变化。基于现行砼结构设计规范,提出了组合梁从开裂到极限阶段抗扭刚度的计算公式,可供组合梁受扭设计参考。把有限元模型和公式的计算结果与实验结果进行比较,三者吻合较好。     

双金属复合管的静动态力学特性

对双金属复合管单位长度质量的等效截面抗弯曲、抗拉压、抗扭刚度进行了推导。分析了钢-铜、钢-铝双层、铜-钢-铜三层双金属复合管在不同结构和尺寸组合时,其各等效截面刚度与同规格单金属管各截面刚度之比随内层管与总管壁厚之比n的变化规律。获得了最优刚度性能的复合管最佳结构与尺寸组合,能节约贵金属材料。采用等效截面抗弯曲刚度、等效截面抗拉压刚度、等效质量法,推导出双金属复合管弯曲振动和轴向振动固有频率的计算模型;采用等效截面抗扭刚度、等效质量并结合等效转动惯量法,推导出其扭转振动固有频率计算模型。复合管前三阶固有频率的计算值与有限元值相比,最大误差为2.35%;与实测值相比,最大误差为3.15%。研究结果表明:内铝、外钢复合管在抗弯、抗扭方面(n=0.63时)存在最优结构。     

含复合铠装层的非黏结柔性立管轴对称载荷响应

针对新型含复合材料铠装层的非黏结柔性立管,推导了各向异性复合材料拉力铠装层在内、外压和轴拉力作用下的控制方程,且考虑了载荷作用下可能出现的层间间隙,建立了非黏结柔性立管的轴对称载荷响应模型。采用循环验证算法求解,获得了管道的抗拉刚度、抗扭刚度、层间压力、层间间隙等重要参数。建立了有限元仿真模型,验证了理论模型的可靠性。算例研究表明:层间间隙出现在螺旋层与圆筒层之间,不考虑间隙时,抗拉刚度的预测值较高;相较于传统的钢质铠装层柔性管,复合铠装层管的抗拉刚度以及抗扭刚度均更大,且抗拉刚度随着管外压力增大而降低程度更小,复合铠装层在柔性立管的应用中能够达到铠装层的刚度性能要求。     

花键轴截面抗扭刚度的研究

本文应用电磁涡流比拟方法对花键轴截面的抗扭刚度进行了实验测试,并根据实测的数值结果提出了经验计算公式.还可据此换算得出"抗扭截面模量W_n"值.     

钢丝软轴抗扭刚度的计算及测量

根据钢丝软轴基本参数的变化,确定其受载后其它几何尺寸的变化量,由此导出软轴两端相对扭转角进而得到钢丝软轴抗扭刚度的计算公式,此外,笔还在扭转试验机上对钢丝软轴的抗扭刚度进行实验测量,结果证实本理论计算值吻合于实际测量值。     

用斜交坐标差分法计算叶型的抗扭刚度

人们通过各种解法,只对少数特殊形状的截面得到了抗扭刚度的分析解。工程技术上大量遇到的截面往往是无法找到分析解而求其近似解。在电子数字计算机出现后,用差分方法数值解应力函数,以满足泊松方程第一边值问题,然后对网格点上的函数值进行数值积分来求得抗扭刚度。这种方法原则上对各种形状的截面都可适用。但对于汽轮     

人工神经网络在实验断裂力学中的应用

提出一种基于人工神经网络的多裂纹柱体扭转问题的数据处理新方法，运用MATLAB中的神经网络工具箱，对柱体的抗扭刚度实验值进行快速拟合，从而得到了裂纹尖端的应力强度因子，实例应用证明该方法是简便、有效的。     

考虑筋条扭转刚度环向离散加筋园柱曲板侧压稳定性

一、前言目前一些关于离散加筋园柱曲板的稳定性计算(文献[1][2][3])均忽略了筋条抗扭刚度。这样可以利用矩阵零元素多的特征将矩阵分解成数个子矩阵,减少矩阵阶数,提高计算速度和计算精度。但是,筋条抗扭刚度对离散加筋园柱曲板总体稳定性到底影响多大,特别是当筋条的横截面是闭口薄壁剖面时(这种情况下其扭转刚度与抗弯刚度是同量级的)是否还可以忽略其扭转刚度?此外当筋条较强,局部屈曲临界载荷小于总体屈曲临界载荷时,计算曲线与实验不符,这是否由于忽略了筋条扭转刚度造成的呢?这些问题需要回答。      

肋板系肋的抗扭刚度对抗弯刚度的贡献

本文从理论上对肋板系肋的抗扭刚度对抗弯刚度的贡献给以证明.它使文献[1]采用的正交构造异性板刚度的实用算法有了依据.尤其无内横肋的肋板系桥跨计算时,需计入该贡献.     

On unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid

Some properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a fluid of second grade are considered for flows produced by the sudden application of a constant pressure gradient or by the impulsive motion of one or two boundaries. Exact analytical solutions for these flows are obtained and the results are compared with those of a Newtonian fluid. It is found that the stress at the initial time on the stationary boundary for flows generated by the impulsive motion of a boundary is infinite for a Newtonian fluid and is finite for a second grade fluid. Furthermore, it is shown that initially the stress on the stationary boundary, for flows started from rest by sudden application of a constant pressure gradient is zero for a Newtonian fluid and is not zero for a fluid of second grade. The required time to attain the asymptotic value of a second grade fluid is longer than that for a Newtonian fluid. It should be mentioned that the expressions for the flow properties, such as velocity, obtained by the Laplace transform method are exactly the same as the ones obtained for the Couette and Poiseuille flows and those which are constructed by the Fourier method. The solution of the governing equation for flows such as the flow over a plane wall and the Couette flow is in a series form which is slowly convergent for small values of time. To overcome the difficulty in the calculation of the value of the velocity for small values of time, a practical method is given. The other property of unsteady flows of a second grade fluid is that the no-slip boundary condition is sufficient for unsteady flows, but it is not sufficient for steady flows so that an additional condition is needed. In order to discuss the properties of unsteady unidirectional flows of a second grade fluid, some illustrative examples are given.     

扰动本构方程及粘弹流体拉伸流动不稳定性

提出“准衰退记忆”新概念,发展了非牛顿流体扰动本构理论,并研究了粘弹流体拉伸流动的不稳定性规律     

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface

The singular behaviour in the vicinity of intersection between the body and free surface is presented.It is shown that in the linear regime the singularity of velocity potential for transient problem is in d~2|nd.The singular behaviour for harmonic problem is the same as the result for the transient problem.In particular,the singularity for the harmonic problem with infinite frequency is in d~2 lnd for velocity potential(d is the distance between field point and intersection).     

Orthogonal arrays: An introduction and their application in optimizing underrelaxation factors in ‘simple’-based algorithm

The primary aim of this paper is to demonstrate how the ‘design-of-experiments’ techniques which are successful in physical experiments could also be adapted to a numerical simulation code. As an example this technique is applied to a general finite difference code used for predicting three-dimensional turbulent recirculating flows. Here the equations for velocities and continuity are solved using the algorithm called SIMPLE, which stands for semi-implicit method for pressure-linked equations. Physical modelling of turbulence is taken care of by means of kinetic energy and turbulence dissipation rate equations. The objective is to optimize the underrelaxation factors of primary and secondary flow variables so that the number of iterations required for convergence is minimum. This is done by the orthogonal array technique (a particular type of design-of-experiment technique). The geometry considered for this purpose is that of a simple gas turbine can combustor and the study is restricted to the isothermal non-reacting condition. Tests are carried out on three different grid configurations. In each case the underrelaxation factor for velocities contributed most to speed up the rate of convergence. Also, for each grid configuration the underrelaxation factor settings for minimum iterations for convergence was found to be same. Hence it is proposed that when doing grid independence tests for any similar flow situation, all the underrelaxation factors could be optimized on coarse grids.     

Water quality control by bank placement based on optimal control and finite element method

This paper presents a method for quality control by bank placement based on an optimal control theory and the finite element method. The shallow water equation is employed for the analysis of the flow condition and the advection‐diffusion equation is used for the analysis of pollutant concentration. The optimal control theory is utilized to obtain a control value for the objective state value. The shear‐slip mesh update method which is suitable for the rotational problem of body is employed. To solve the optimization problem, the time domain decomposition method is applied as a technique of storage requirements reduction. The Sakawa–Shindo method is employed as a minimization technique. The Crank–Nicolson method is applied to the temporal discretization. A method for optimal control of bank placement has been presented. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

计算含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法

研究了可以计算处理包含大位移动边界非定常流动的无网格算法.创建了无网格方法中由于大位移边界运动造成的不合要求点的判断标准,采用高效的填充方法实现点云重构,运用线性插值方法得到新点参数,实现了局部重构处理大位移动点.流场计算方面,在计算域自动布点基础上,采用曲线逼近计算导数及HLLC格式计算数值通量,发展了求解基于无网格的ALE方程组的算法.最后,对活塞问题进行了模拟,结果与解析解相吻合,验证了算法的准确性;另外,计算比较了气流流过静止圆柱以及圆柱在静止流场运动流场,结果表明方法是成功的.     

Anisotropic damage–plasticity model for concrete

A material model for concrete is proposed here within the framework of a thermodynamically consistent elasto-plasticity–damage theory. Two anisotropic damage tensors and two damage criteria are adopted to describe the distinctive degradation of the mechanical properties of concrete under tensile and compressive loadings. The total stress tensor is decomposed into tensile and compressive components in order to accommodate the need for the above mentioned damage tensors. The plasticity yield criterion presented in this work accounts for the spectral decomposition of the stress tensor and allows multiple hardening rules to be used. This plastic yield criterion is used simultaneously with the damage criteria to simulate the physical behavior of concrete. Non-associative flow rule for the plastic strains is used to account for the dilatancy of concrete as a frictional material. The thermodynamic Helmholtz free energy concept is used to consistently derive dissipation potentials for damage and plasticity and to allow evolution laws for different hardening parameters. The evolution of the two damage tensors is accounted for through the use of fracture-energy-based continuum damage mechanics. An expression is derived for the damage–elasto-plastic tangent operator. The theoretical framework of the model is described here while the implementation of this model will be discussed in a subsequent paper.     

无网格局部强弱法求解不规则域问题

无网格局部彼得洛夫-伽辽金(meshless local Petrov-Galerkin,MLPG)法是一种具有代表性的无网格方法,在计算力学领域得到广泛应用.然而,这种方法在边界上需执行积分运算,通常很难处理不规则求解域问题.为了克服MLPG法的这种局限性,提出了无网格局部强弱(meshless local strong-weak,MLSW)法.MLSW法采用MLPG法离散内部求解域,采用无网格介点(meshless intervention-point,MIP)法施加自然边界条件,并采用配点法施加本质边界条件,避免执行边界积分运算,可适用于求解各类复杂的不规则域问题.从理论上讲,这种结合式方法,既保持了MLPG法稳定而精确计算的优势,同时兼备配点型方法在处理复杂结构问题时简洁而灵活的优势,实现了弱式法和强式法的优势互补.此外,MLSW法采用移动最小二乘核(moving least squares core,MLSc)近似法来构造形函数,是对传统移动最小二乘(moving least squares,MLS)近似法的一种改进.MLSc使用核基函数代替通常的基函数,有利于数值求解的精确性和稳定性,而且其导数近似计算变得更为简单.数值算例结果初步表明:这种新方法实施简单,求解稳定、精确,表现出适合工程运用的潜力.     

Poisson limit theorem for countable Markov chains in Markovian environments

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跨音涡轮叶栅底压的无粘模型

本文提出一个无粘的底部压力模型。证明了在给定反压的情况下,超音出口的涡轮叶栅的叶片尾缘的底压以及叶型损失可由该模型确定。与无粘的流场计算相结合,可用该模型计算二维叶栅的底压。对模型的参数研究表明:具有正曲率的喉道下游叶背型面将有利于减少损失;而出口为音速时流动则最为不利。