气液活塞式脉冲液体射流泵装置稳定性的理论研究

气液活赛式脉冲液体射流泵装置用于输送有毒、高温或放射性液体,装置在运行时,气液活塞筒内的气液交界面必须稳定在活塞筒内,形成稳定的脉冲运动,才能保证装置正常的稳定运行,本文在分析影响气液活塞式脉冲液体射流泵装置稳定性的主要因素基础上,运用流体力学的基本理论,导出了装置稳定性的基本方程组以及简化方程组,通过试验对上述理论进行了验证。     

高速液体受限射流扩展形态研究

采用一种火药燃烧驱动液体喷射的新装置及其测试系统，研究受限空间中高速惰性液体射流的扩展结构。观察了环境反压、液体粘性、喷嘴结构等参量对射流扩展形态的影响，分析了射流雾化机理。研究结果对改进燃烧室设计及控制燃烧稳定性有一定的指导意义。     

自振脉冲气液射流振动分析

从提高射流利用率出发, 在自振脉冲水射流喷嘴振荡腔上开孔自吸入空气, 以形成一种自振脉冲气液射流, 研 究其振荡频率以及打击力的实际影响因素.基于水声学与流体动力学原理建立自振脉冲气液射流频率模型, 并以悬臂梁为靶物, 通过考察射流冲击悬臂梁时的振动特性获得其时域及频域特征.结果表明, 自振脉冲气液射流的振荡频率随腔长增加单调递减, 随含气率变化存在极小值, 且在初始段发生骤变, 实测值与理论值相吻合;对应自振脉冲气液射流产生最大谐振峰值的最优腔长略小于自振脉冲水射流, 且前者最大谐振峰值较后者明显提高.     

超空化条件下液体射流热稳定性研究

基于线性稳定性理论,建立了描述超空化条件下液体射流热稳定性的数学模型,并对数学模型及其求解方法进行了验证;在此基础上,对超空化条件下液体射流与周围气体间的温差对射流稳定性的影响进行了研究。研究结果表明,液体射流与周围气体间存在温差时,射流稳定性变差,扰动波波数范围拓宽,且拓宽的程度随温差的增加有明显加大的趋势;温度扰动对射流稳定性的影响与扰动模式关系不大;温度扰动会在一定程度上削弱超空化对射流稳定性的作用,并有可能完全抑制超空化对扰动波最大波数的作用,只有当超空化达到一定程度后,才能克服温度扰动的抑制作用,使扰动波最大波数变大。     

圆环旋转黏性液体射流空间不稳定性研究

利用线性稳定性理论, 进行了液体黏性对不同旋转强度下圆环旋转液体射流 空间不稳定性影响的研究. 在推导出的三维扰动下具有固体涡核型旋转速度分布的圆环旋转 黏性液体射流色散方程的基础上, 针对中低速射流, 进行了类反对称模式与类对称模式下圆 环旋转黏性液体射流的空间不稳定性分析. 研究结果表明, 对于旋转强度较大的圆环旋转液 体射流, 液体黏性的增加, 不利于射流的破碎; 随着液体黏性的增加, 射流的特征频率和最 不稳定波数减小. 然而, 对于旋转强度较小的圆环旋转液体射流, 液体黏性的增加, 有利于 射流的破碎; 随着液体黏性的增加, 类反对称模式下射流特征频率先减小后增大, 类对称模 式下射流特征频率增大; 随着液体黏性的增加, 类反对称模式下射流最不稳定波数先减小后 增大, 类对称模式下射流最不稳定波数增大.     

振荡频率对振荡脉冲射流水下穿透特性的影响

振荡脉冲射流大大增加了流场的紊乱程度，射流有效作用靶距和体积冲蚀速度都有显著的提高，提高了采矿效率。     

同轴气流式液体射流分裂液滴粒径研究

针对同轴气流式液体射流分裂液滴粒径预测模型缺乏的现状,结合射流线性稳定性理论,建立了基于临界模数的同轴气流式黏性液体射流分裂液滴粒径表达式,在此基础上,分别研究了气流旋拧(气流同时存在轴向和周向运动)及流体物性(气体可压缩性、液体黏性、气液密度比和表面张力)对液滴粒径的影响规律.研究发现:周围气流轴向引射作用和同轴旋转...     

自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴装置系统频率特性理论研究

根据相似系统原理和流体网络理论建立了自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴装置的等效网络模型,利用系统传递函数推导了系统频率特性方程并进行了数值计算。结果表明:喷嘴装置的固有频率主要由喷嘴形状、结构参数、入口流速、射流中压力扰动波波速决定;自激振荡腔腔径、自激振荡腔腔长、上喷嘴直径、下喷嘴直径都对系统频率特性影响很大。提出了相应的自激振荡脉冲射流喷嘴设计准则,即喷嘴装置在最佳阻尼比下产生谐波共振。     

高速液体射流流动特性的实验测试方法

基于RLPG高压喷射环境建立了射流流动特性的实验测定系统和分析方法．利用这种方法测出高压下喷口的流量系数,得到射流头部贯穿速度及射流核形态．     

洗衣机液体平衡环偏心旋转研究

洗衣机在旋转过程中会产生较大离心力,由于偏心旋转,引起内筒与壁面的强烈撞击．为了减小撞击引起的振动,洗衣机上安装液体平衡环．平衡环结构的设计,包括平衡环环道的数量、平衡环内部腔体的数量、隔断上面开孔的位置和大小、注入液体体积等．对五种结构的平衡环进行了数值模拟分析,包括单环无腔平衡环、双环无腔平衡环、单环3腔平衡环、双环3腔平衡环和双环24腔平衡环;研究了3 mm、5 mm的不同偏心距以及25rpm、30rpm、40rpm、50rpm等不同转速和平衡环启动阶段0~15s的动态转速等旋转条件的影响．本文首先对平衡环偏心旋转离心力的现有理论计算模型进行改进,然后,通过四种平衡环、四种转速、两种偏心距下的离心力数值模拟,验证了所做改进的合理性和有效性,最后,对三种平衡环、两种偏心距进行启动阶段的动态数值模拟,并对模拟结果进行分析,从而给出平衡环结构上的设计建议．     

Experimental study of jet structure and pressurisation upon liquid nitrogen injection into water

The rapid phase change and heat transfer obtained by direct contact heat exchange between a cryogen and water can generate high rates of pressurisation, which is of interest to a number of applications. A visualization study of liquid nitrogen injection into water is conducted in this work, with synchronized pressure and temperature measurement, to obtain insight into this complex phenomenon. High speed imaging reveals a four-stage evolution of liquid nitrogen jet structure upon injection into water, with a thick vapour blanket forming around a liquid nitrogen core and break-up brought on predominantly through impact with the vessel wall. Maximum pressurisation rate occurs in the third stage of injection due to a combination of heat and mass transfer. Pressurisation rates in excess of 350 bar/s are recorded and found to vary proportionally with injection pressure. The scenario of gaseous nitrogen injection is also investigated, and compared with liquid nitrogen injection. A clear advantage of liquid nitrogen injection is elucidated from the point of heat transfer and pressurisation, and implications for use in a cryogenic engine are discussed.     

淹没条件下不同结构参数的自激吸气式脉冲射流喷嘴压力变化试验研究

运用自行研制的试验装置对淹没条件下的自激吸气式脉冲射流喷嘴特性进行了大量的试验,研究了吸气对喷嘴内的压力变化和脉冲射流峰值打击力的影响。通过研究淹没条件下10-16-125-75和8-14-85-60结构参数喷嘴在不同吸气根数下的腔套内各测点压力及峰值打击力的变化,得出不同结构喷嘴的压力和峰值打击力随吸气量的增大而逐渐提高,存在最优吸气量使脉冲射流峰值打击力最大。通过研究淹没条件下结构参数分别为8-14-85-60、10-16-105-75、14-28-125-105的喷嘴在不吸气及吸气根数为4情况下的射流峰谷差及峰值打击力,得出三种喷嘴在吸气时的射流峰值打击力分别提高45%~78%、40%~46%、22%~38%。研究表明:对于不同结构参数喷嘴,吸气可提高射流压力波动值和峰值打击力,随上喷嘴直径和振荡腔内容积的增大,该吸气方式对射流打击力的提高程度呈减小趋势。结果对进一步研究淹没条件下自激吸气式脉冲射流喷嘴特性具有指导意义。     

用于爆轰驱动的射流起爆实验研究

爆轰驱动激波风洞的自由来流模拟范围与驱动气体的爆轰极限密切相关,爆轰极限越宽则模拟范围越大。驱动气体一般是通过点火管进行起爆的,提高点火管的起爆能力可以拓宽爆轰极限。为了提高点火管起爆能力,就点火管口径、点火气体爆轰敏感性和单/双点火管3种因素的影响进行了实验研究。在不同的点火管初始条件下,对驱动段波速进行了测量。结论如下:(1)提高点火管口径可以显著提升起爆能力;(2)点火气体爆轰敏感性对起爆能力有影响,点火管为缩径内型面时,低敏感性气体起爆能力更强,点火管为等径内型面时则低敏感性气体和高敏感性气体的起爆能力大体持平;(3)在保证射流同步的前提下,双点火管能够提高起爆能力,为保证射流同步性需使用化学恰当比的氢氧混气等爆轰敏感性强的点火气体。     

Measured Reynolds stress distributions and energy budgets of a fully pulsed round air jet

 Most particle-tracking velocimetry (PTV) algorithms are not suitable for calculating the velocity vectors of a fluid flow subjected to strong deformation, because these algorithms deal only with flows due to translation. Accordingly, it is necessary to develop a novel algorithm applicable to flows subjected to strong deformations such as rotation, shear, expansion and compression. This paper proposes a novel particle tracking algorithm using the velocity gradient tensor (VGT) which can deal with strong deformations and demonstrates that this algorithm is applicable to some basic fluid motions (rigidly rotating flow, Couette flow, and expansion flow). Furthermore, the performance of this algorithm is compared with the binary image cross-correlation method (BICC), the four-consecutive-time-step particle tracking method (4-PTV), and the spring model particle tracking algorithm (SPG) using simulations and experimental data. As a result, it is shown that this novel algorithm is useful and applicable for the highly accurate measurement and analysis of fluid flows subjected to strong deformations. Received: 9 February 1999/Accepted: 22 November 1999     

Experimental investigation of liquid jet injection into Mach 6 hypersonic crossflow

The injection of a liquid jet into a crossing Mach 6 air flow is investigated. Experiments were conducted on a sharp leading edge flat plate with flush mounted injectors. Water jets were introduced through different nozzle shapes at relevant jet-to-air momentum–flux ratios. Sufficient temporal resolution to capture small scale effects was obtained by high-speed recording, while directional illumination allowed variation in field of view. Shock pattern and flow topology were visualized by Schlieren-technique. Correlations are proposed on relating water jet penetration height and lateral extension with the injection ratio and orifice diameter for circular injector jets. Penetration height and lateral extension are compared for different injector shapes at relevant jet-to-air momentum–flux ratios showing that penetration height and lateral extension decrease and increase, respectively, with injector’s aspect ratio. Probability density function analysis has shown that the mixing of the jet with the crossflow is completed at a distance of x/d _j  ~ 40, independent of the momentum–flux ratio. Mean velocity profiles related with the liquid jet have been extracted by means of an ensemble correlation PIV algorithm. Finally, frequency analyses of the jet breakup and fluctuating shock pattern are performed using a Fast Fourier algorithm and characteristic Strouhal numbers of St = 0.18 for the liquid jet breakup and of St = 0.011 for the separation shock fluctuation are obtained.     

Unsteady-state periodic jet structure created by the pulsed motion of a piston jet generator

The results of an experimental and theoretical investigation of the process of formation of an unsteady-state water jet by the pulsed motion of the piston of a piston jet generator are given. An approximate mathematical model of the generator dynamics which can explain the mechanism of formation of the experimentally obtained periodic transverse thickening structure is considered.Nikolaev. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 4, pp. 172–178, July–August, 1996.     

狭缝射流撞击圆柱表面的湍流特性实验研究

实验研究了狭缝射流撞击圆柱表面后壁面射流区的平均流动和湍流特 性. 考察了雷诺数 Re (6000-20000), 喷口到受撞表面距 离 Y/W (5-13), 喷口宽度 W (6.25mm, 9.38mm), 受撞表 面曲率(半圆柱体直径 D = 150mm)对流动和湍流结构的影响. 通过分析 X 热线 在壁面射流区的测量结果发现，在近壁区域，表面曲率、 Re_{w} , Y/W 和 S/W 等 参数对 \sqrt {\overline{u^2}} / U_m 的影响比对 \sqrt {\overline{v^2}} / U_m 强，并且切 应力 \overline {uv} /U_m^2 对表面曲率变化最敏感. 当喷口与受撞击表面之间的距 离 Y/W 在一定范围内增加时， 沿圆柱表面流动的流向和横向的湍流强度增强. 用平板射流和圆柱体表面壁面射流的数据进行比较，从而得到表面曲率对壁面射流特 性的影响. 结果表明，曲率对壁面射流的影响较强， 并随着 S/W 的增大而增强. 随着雷诺数的增大，壁面曲率的影响也有强化的趋势.