中水处理废弃含钙污泥的再利用研究

对首都钢铁厂中水处理废弃的含钙污泥进行了综合利用分析,并作为固硫剂进行了型煤固硫研究.对比研究结果表明,该含钙工业固体废弃物固硫率稳定在70%-75%,将其作为型煤固硫剂是较为合适的综合利用方法,可以就地取材作为二次资源再利用,能达到较理想的环境效益和经济效益.     

型煤燃烧固硫特性的TG/DTG-GC研究——Ⅰ-不同固硫剂组成对型煤固硫效率的影响

采用热天平、气相色谱在线联合分析技术（ＴＧ－ ＧＣ） ，对若干种固硫剂的固硫效果，型煤燃烧过程ＳＯ２ 的释放特征进行系统的表征分析和研究。结果表明，由固硫剂和助燃剂复配而成的复合型固硫剂的固硫效率明显优于单组分固硫剂，助燃剂与固硫剂有协同作用，助燃剂的存在显著提高了固硫产物的热稳定性     

型煤燃烧固硫特性的TG/DTG-GC研究Ⅱ不同固硫剂/助燃剂对型煤燃烧性能的影响

采用TGDTG-GC技术研究不同固硫剂助燃剂对型煤燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,助燃剂在对煤燃烧产生助燃作用的同时减少甚至消除燃烧反应后期SO2的释放,进一步证实固硫剂与助燃剂的协同作用。同时,有些固硫剂本身也是一种助燃剂,单一组分助燃剂的助燃作用远不如复合型助燃剂,但二者助燃作用均与固硫剂有关。     

生物质型煤在固硫剂条件下的燃烧特性研究

本文研究了生物质型煤在不同Ca/S比和不同生物质加入量下的燃烧特性,并进行了动力学分析.结果表明,固硫型煤的TG,DTG曲线变化趋势相似,都出现两个明显的失重峰挥发分析出阶段和煤焦燃烧阶段.一般在310-320℃范围内挥发分析出达到最大,在520-530℃范围内,煤焦燃烧失重速率最大.由于固硫反应的增重和型煤燃烧的失重的相对变化,导致第二个失重峰变化比较平缓,且失重温度范围较宽.不同Ca/S比的样品试验结果相比,Ca/S=2样品的最大失重点温度要比Ca/S=1.5样品的最大失重点温度要低;同一Ca/S比下,随着生物质量的增加,相应失重峰的峰值增加,最终失重百分比增加.通过动力学分析,生物质型煤在固硫剂条件下的燃烧反应服从燃烧动力学的基本方程表征的规律,对于不同的温度阶段可用不同的一级反应来描述.     

型煤燃烧固硫特性的TG／DTG—GC研究

采用ＴＧ／ＤＴＧ－ＧＣ技术研究不同固硫剂／助燃睦型煤燃烧性能的影响。结果表明,助燃剂在对煤燃烧产生的助燃作用的同时减少甚至消除燃烧反应后期ＳＯ２的释放,进一步证实固硫剂与助燃剂的协同作用,同时,有些固硫剂本身也是一种助燃剂,单一组分助燃剂的助燃作用元宵 如复合型助燃剂,但二者助燃作用均与固硫剂有关。     

粘结剂组分对云南褐煤成型性能影响研究

以淀粉、氧化钙(Ca O)、聚乙烯醇(PVA)为粘结剂原料,采用冷压成型制备出型煤。主要研究了粘结剂各组分含量对型煤跌落强度和冷压强度的单因素影响,并通过响应曲面法对粘结剂组分进行优化,研究表明当淀粉的含量为15%,Ca O/淀粉为0.1,PVA/(Ca O+淀粉)为0.1时,型煤的跌落强度为99.544%,冷压强度为2.332k N·个-1,经实验检测在优化条件下,型煤的跌落强度为99.495%,冷压强度为2.477k N·个-1,接近检测值,表明所得模型可以反映参数之间的真实关系,可以用此模型对型煤的跌落强度和冷压强度进行分析和预测。再通过接触角、FTIR、BET等进行分析,确定最佳粘结剂的类型和配比方案,为工业型煤的生产提供依据。     

污泥型煤技术处理污泥的基础研究Ⅱ. 等温燃烧过程中NOx、SO2释放规律的考察

利用固定床管式炉反应器进行几种污泥以及不同型煤的等温燃烧实验 ,研究了NOx、SO2 等污染物的释放规律 ,发现污泥单独燃烧时污染物释放浓度高 ,造成严重环境污染 ;而添加固硫剂的不同污泥型煤的等温燃烧时 ,NOx、SO2 的释放浓度低得多 ,可以能源化、洁净化处理大量污泥。     

热重分析法研究贝壳固硫反应动力学

采用热分析法研究了贝壳和石灰石固硫反应过程, 用等效粒子模型对固硫反应过程进行了表征, 计算分析了其固硫反应动力学参数. 结果表明, 贝壳比石灰石含有较多的碱金属盐, 其作用是提高了贝壳固硫反应速率常数和有效扩散系数. 贝壳固硫反应中存在补偿效应. 根据等动力学温度判别固硫剂活性适用于不同反应控制区的活性判断. 碱金属成分对钙基固硫剂活性有正负两个方面的影响, 含量过大或过小都会削弱固硫剂活性, 因而存在最适含量. 在1 073～1 273 K温区固硫时, 钙基固硫剂中碱金属离子与钙离子摩尔比为1∶50左右时固硫活性较高.     

污泥型煤技术处理污泥的基础研究Ⅱ.等温燃烧过程中NOx,SO2 …

利用固定床管式炉反应器进行几种污泥以及不同型煤的等温燃烧实验,研究了ＮＯｘ、ＳＯ２等污染物的释放规律,发现污泥单独燃烧时污染物释放浓度高,造成严重环境污染;而添加固硫剂的不同污泥型煤的等温燃烧时,ＮＯｘ、ＳＯ２的释放浓度低得多,可以能源化、洁净化处理大量污泥。     

型煤燃烧固硫特性的TG／DTG—GC研究：Ⅰ.不同固硫剂组成对型煤？…

采用热天平,气相色谱在线联合分析技术（ＴＧ－ＧＣ）,对若干种固硫剂的固工燃烧过程ＳＯ２的释放特征进行系统的表征分析和研究。结果表明,由固硫剂和助燃剂复配而成的型固硫剂的固硫效果明显优于单组分固硫剂,助燃剂与固硫剂有协同作用,助燃剂的存在显著提高了固硫产的的热稳定性。     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。