溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱热稳定性的考察

溶胶—凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱是一类新型的色谱柱。通过与静态法涂渍并用自由基引发交联使固定相固载化的色谱柱比较,溶胶—凝胶色谱柱除了具有制作工艺简单、分离效果好等特点外,还具有很好的热稳定性和溶剂稳定性。其工作温度可高于400℃。     

溶胶-凝胶毛细管气相色谱柱热稳定性和柱寿命的观测

溶胶-凝胶色谱柱有很强的热稳定性,在升温过程中,固定相的流失很低,且有很长的柱寿命与之相比,静态法涂渍及用自由基引发交联反应使固定相固载化的传统色谱柱在柱温远低于溶胶-凝胶柱使川温度的条件下,固定相明显流失且柱寿命短。     

溶胶-凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱极性初探

溶胶 凝胶气相色谱毛细管柱是一种新型的色谱柱。这种色谱柱分离效果佳[1,2],柱容量大,耐热性能好,制作工艺简单[3]。本文采用几种方法对自制溶胶 凝胶柱[1～3]的极性进行了探讨,并与传统柱作了比较。所用色谱仪为岛津17A型,配有火焰离子化检测器(FID);色谱柱尺寸为10m×0 25mmi d ;载气为He;气化室温度250℃;分流(100∶1)进样。1　极性评价方法与结果1.1　不同化合物流出顺序的测定　　色谱条件:溶胶 凝胶柱,固定液为Ucon75 H 90000及端羟基聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)毛细管柱;FID温度300℃;柱温,80℃6℃/min280℃。试液:含亚油酸甲酯…     

溶胶-凝胶法制备高热稳定性的毛细管气相色谱柱

毛细管气相色谱柱的传统制备工艺都较为复杂,周期较长,同时固定相和石英毛细管内壁间通常并无化学键生成,在较高温度下使用时固定相的流失严重,导致这类色谱柱的最高允许使用温度不很高．溶胶-凝胶法是一种快速有效的制备色谱柱的新技术,近年来经常应用于高效液相色谱、毛细管电色谱和固定相微萃取等分析化学的许多领域．在气相色谱方面,溶胶-凝胶端羟基聚硅氧烷柱、溶胶-凝胶聚乙二醇柱和溶胶-凝胶开链冠醚柱已相继制备出来,在用溶胶-凝胶     

溶胶-凝胶法制备开链冠醚毛细管气相色谱柱

本文采用溶胶－凝胶技术涂渍了开链冠醚（n=5)毛细管气相色谱柱,这种涂柱技术与传统技术相比,具有高效（＞3000）,样品容量大,耐高温（320℃）,抗溶剂冲洗等特点,低碳醇,酮,酯,短链脂肪酸和挥发性胺及位置异构体在该体上有很好的分离效果。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备用于分离极性有机化合物的毛细管气相色谱柱

南京师范大学化学与环境科学学院王东新等人采用溶胶-凝胶法制备用于分离极性有机化合物的毛细管气相色谱柱,其制备工艺简单,制柱时间较传统工艺大为缩短。该柱涂层与毛细管内壁间形成的化学键使毛细管柱具有很好     

溶胶凝胶法制备全丙基-β-环糊精毛细管气相色谱柱

用溶胶凝胶法制备了全丙基—β—CD毛细管气相色谱柱。研究了对色谱柱性能影响的因素;确定了制备全丙基—β—CD毛细管气相色谱柱的最佳涂渍工艺条件,即固定相在溶胶反应液中的浓度控制在0．120—0．150kg/L,三氟乙酸用量0．05mL,二氯甲烷0．8mL,反应物在反应容器内搅拌反应时间为40min左右,通入柱子后的反应时间约为30min左右,可得到性能优越的毛细管柱。进行了各种条件下此类色谱柱性能的比较。     

纳米硅胶多孔层毛细管气相色谱柱的原位溶胶-凝胶法制备及其应用

采用原位溶胶-凝胶法在毛细管内壁上合成出均匀的纳米硅胶多孔层,对纳米硅胶颗粒进行了形貌表征,同时考察了不同反应条件下合成的纳米硅胶的比表面积、孔容和孔径的变化规律。先采用含氢硅油高温键合固化硅胶层,然后用无机盐淋洗钝化毛细管色谱柱,制备出纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱。考察了所制备的纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱对挥发性氟氯烃、水中氯代烃、含硫化合物以及低碳烃的分离特性。结果表明:所制备的纳米多孔层硅胶毛细管色谱柱具有良好的分离能力、一定的抗水性、稳定的色谱保留特性和良好的制柱重复性。     

高效毛细管气相色谱柱

中国科学院兰州化学物理研究所色谱技术研究开发中心长期从事高效毛细管色谱柱的开发及其应用研究。研制生产的各类毛细管色谱柱，质量可靠，品种齐全，价格合理，1988年由中国科学院推荐而被国家机械工业委员会列为“推荐替代进口产品”。本期针对PLOT毛细管色谱柱作特别介绍。     

Al2O3-PLOT毛细管色谱柱的溶胶-凝胶法制备

首次将溶胶-凝胶法用于制备Al2O3-PLOT毛细管色谱柱.采用正硅酸乙酯、稀盐酸以及氧化铝的乙醇悬浮液组成的溶胶体系,高压动态法涂敷石英毛细管,然后通过高温凝胶反应固定Al2O3涂层,再用无机盐溶液淋洗灭活得到成品.考察制备过程的重复性,表明溶胶-凝胶法制备Al2O3-PLOT色谱柱简单易行,重复性好;对色谱柱性能进行评价,18组分C1 ～C5烃类标准气完全基线分离,环丙烷和丙烯的分离度为1.55 ～1.65,甲烷和正丁烷保留时间变化范围分别小于0.5%和1%,色谱柱的耐温性和稳定性显著提高.     

Ultra-fast essential oil characterization by capillary GC on a 50 microm ID column

A 5 m x 50 microm capillary column with 0.05 microm stationary phase film thickness, with a calculated efficiency of almost 20,000 plates per metre (under optimum conditions), was used for very fasthigh resolution GC analysis of lime essential oil. The total analysis time of this volatile essential oil was less than 90 s. Fast GC is shown to be appropriate for essential oil quality assurance analysis, and quantitative results of key components are comparable with those obtained by using conventional GC analysis. The fast GC analysis is approximately 33 times faster than the conventional GC method.     

混合模式毛细管聚合物整体柱的制备及应用

混合模式毛细管整体色谱柱由于保留机理多样,具有很好的应用前景。本文以[2-（甲基丙烯酰基氧基）乙基]二甲基-（3-磺酸丙基）氢氧化铵（SPE）为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯（EDMA）为交联剂,偶氮二异丁腈（AIBN）为引发剂,正丙醇/1,4-丁二醇/水三元体系为致孔剂,制备了聚合物基质SPE-co-EDMA毛细管液相色谱整体柱。通过系统优化致孔剂和反应物种类和配比、引发剂的用量、反应时间和反应温度等因素,提高了整体柱的柱效、机械强度、渗透性和重复性。结果表明该毛细管整体柱在10 MPa内具有良好的机械强度,渗透性为2.17×10^-14 m²,而且批次内和批次间峰面积的重现性（RSD）分别为1.0%和4.6%。以极性和非极性的多种化合物评价了该毛细管整体柱的色谱性能,结果表明该柱在高有机相中具有亲水相互作用机理,在低有机相中具有反相作用机理,显示出混合模式分离特性。     

毛细管色谱过程动力学研究——径向扩散对流出曲线的影响

考虑到毛细管色谱分析过程中径向浓度梯度对传质过程的影响,建立了相应的色谱质量平衡模型,模仿Ｇｉｄｄｉｎｇｓ的假设,将模型适当化简,并通过数学变换的方法得到了流出曲线的一级矩及二、三级中心矩表达式。结果表明,溶质的径向扩散不仅对柱效、峰展宽、峰形特征等有影响,而且对溶质的保留时间也有一定的影响。     

A new type of capillary column for gas chromatography

A new type of capillary column for gas chromatography was proposed. A sorbent layer (for example, stationary liquid phase) is supported on the internal capillary surface, and the internal (interstitial) volume is packed with nonporous large particles of a sorbent (particle diameter is 0.1—0.6 of the capillary internal diameter). The external surface of the particles can also be coated with the sorbent layer (for example, stationary liquid phase). The specific separation efficiency (number of separation) on the new type column is by 1.6—2.3 times higher than that of the initial classical capillary column.     

Study of triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography

A novel stationary phase triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column was successfully prepared for reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography. The performance of the monolithic silica capillary column coated with triacontyl chain for the separation of alkylbenzenes, xylene isomers, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and mixture of α- and β-carotenes was studied, which was compared to that using the monolithic silica capillary column coated with octadecyl chain. The comparison results showed that triacontyl-functionalized monolithic silica capillary column would be a promising media to be used for the separation of isomeric solutes with long chain in reversed-phase capillary liquid chromatography.     

一种聚甲基丙烯酸酯类亲水作用毛细管电色谱整体柱的制备与评价

以2-羟基乙基甲基丙烯酸酯(HEMA)为单体,乙二醇二甲基丙烯酸酯(EDMA)为交联剂,制备了亲水分离模式的聚HEMA-co-EDMA新型毛细管电色谱(CEC)整体柱。考察了整体柱的结构特征及其CEC性能,研究了极性物质的保留行为,并对其可能的保留机理进行了探讨。所制备的整体柱稳定性好,固定相表面带有极性羟基功能团,不仅能提供亲水相互作用位点,且能吸附流动相中的阴离子产生阳极电渗流(EOF)。在流动相中乙腈含量较高(＞62%,体积分数)的条件下,整体柱表现出典型的亲水作用,实现了对核苷、碱基和苯胺类带有碱性的强极性化合物的高效分离,并成功分离了苯酚类、苯甲酸类等中性或酸性的极性化合物。     

Micropreparative system for enrichment of capillary GC effluents

An automated system for preparative gas chromatography with capillary columns is described. The effluet from the capillary column is switched to the FID detector or to the traps by means of a Live-T switching device. The pneumatics is controlled by a microprocessor so that repetitive sampling can be performed over a period of days in order to enrich sufficient amount of material for NMR or other spectroscopic methods. The effluent containing the compounds is collected in glass tubes filled with column packing material (e.g. Chromosorb coated with 3% OV - 101, crosslinked). The trap temperatue can be adjusted from + 20°C to ? 80°C, depending on the trapping material and volatility of trapped substances. The analysis of enriched substances or chromatographic fractions can be performed by thermal desorption of the same traps or by solven elution. The recovery of enriched substances is higher than 90%. High capacity and resolution for enrichment of trace components are obtained with the aid of a double column-double oven system. Examples of such applications are given.     

Distorted solvent peaks in capillary GC: A symptom of porous column surfaces

Many uncoated precolumns, and to a lesser extent separation columns, strongly retain some of the solvent. Retarded release of such solvent elevates the baseline after the solvent peak and causes ugly “humps” of eluted solvent as the temperature is increased. The problem is probably a result of retention by a porous surface, e.g. surfaces obtained by leaching or hydrothermal treatment of capillaries prior to silylation. It is assumed that other problems with capillary columns can be explained by the same mechanism, including: a kind of adsorption including apolar compounds, and “ghost” peaks as well as “memory” effects. Fused silica capillaries are superior to glass, but even for these special procedures are required in order to achieve thorough deactivation of the internal surface without introducing porosity.     

原子转移自由基聚合法制备新型亲水开管毛细管柱及在毛细管电色谱上的应用

为了增加开管毛细管柱(OTCC)的相比,提高分离效率,发展了表面引发原子转移自由基聚合法(SI-ATRP)制备葡萄糖聚合物修饰的开管毛细管柱。通过扫描电镜观察,该开管柱内壁上修饰了三维波浪状聚合物,明显增加了内壁比表面积和相比。在pH 3~11范围内,对含糖聚合物修饰的开管柱和空柱的电渗流进行了比较。修饰后开管柱的电渗流仅为空柱的1/2~1/3,且在pH 6~11范围内保持平稳。稳定的电渗流保证了分离的重复性和稳定性。用该开管毛细管柱成功实现了小分子混合物(苯丙氨酸、胸腺嘧啶、腺苷、鸟苷、5-溴尿嘧啶、水杨酸)以及蛋白质大分子(核糖核酸酶B、转铁蛋白和牛血清白蛋白)的有效分离,结果表明葡萄糖聚合物修饰的开管毛细管柱具有良好的重复性和稳定性。     

毛细管色谱-质谱法测定环境大气中挥发性有机污染物

毛细管色谱-质谱法测定了环境大气中挥发性污染物。用液氧冷冻法和常温吸附法(TenaxGC)分别采集大气样品,然后用两种系统进行浓缩,并进入毛细管色谱-质谱体系,完成了有机污染物的定性定量分析。解决了一些色谱-质谱联用中的问题。并且还讨论了无分流进样问题,比较了两种采样方法。用此方法测定了某炼油厂环境大气中的污染物。