静高压下Al-Mn准晶形成及其结构稳定性的研究

 静高压（4.5 GPa）下Al₆Mn合金熔态淬火（冷却速度约为10² ℃/s），得到Al₆Mn合金的高压淬火样品。X射线分析表明：Al₆Mn合金的高压淬火样品中含有准晶二十面体相、Al₆Mn相及Al的面心立方相；与常压结果相比，高压淬火方法的冷却速率可比常压的低约3个数量级的条件下产生准晶二十面体相。其晶化温度与急冷甩带的相近。对静高压（2.5 GPa）下Al₆Mn准晶条带样品的晶化过程进行了研究。X射线分析表明：静高压下Al₆Mn准晶条带样品的晶化过程中，出现了一种新的未知亚稳相——准晶向晶体转化中的一种中间过渡态，具有类T相形式；与常压结果比较，高压下准晶相晶化温度提高。     

静高压下Al80Mn14Si6合金准晶相形成的研究

 本文首次研究了Al₈₀Mn₁₄Si₆合金在静高压下准晶相得形成。利用静高压熔态淬火方法，在压力2.8和3.1 GPa下得到淬火的Al-Mn-Si样品。电子和X射线衍射实验表明，高压淬火样品中含有准晶二十面体相和非晶相。X射线衍射实验还表明，高压淬火样品经350 ℃退火一小时基本上没有发生变化；而经过500 ℃退火一小时后，准晶相晶化为α-Al₇₃Si₁₀Mn₁₇相。另外，电子衍射实验表明，高压淬火后样品中还存在其它中间亚稳相。本文还讨论了静高压熔态淬火方法的适用性。     

高压下Al65Co20Mn15合金准晶相得截获及其稳定性的研究

 本文利用高压熔态淬火方法，对Al₆₅Co₂₀Mn₁₅合金进行了研究。首次发现在4.4 GPa压力下淬火的样品中有准晶T相形成。使用电子衍射和X射线衍射对准晶态进行了鉴别。用高温X射线衍射进行了热稳定性研究，发现Al₆₅Co₂₀Mn₁₅合金中准晶T相得晶化温度约为600 ℃。     

Al70Co15Tb5Ni10合金中准晶T相和相关相的形成

 对Al₇₀Co₁₅Tb₅Ni₁₀合金进行了静高压（4.40 GPa）熔态（1 450 ℃）淬火（冷却速率为10² ℃/s）研究。首次在该系统中观察到准晶T相和一个新的十次准晶相关相形成。使用透射电镜对准晶相和准晶相关相进行了结构分析，得到了准晶相关相的晶胞参数。使用已有的理论模型对该相关相的形成进行了讨论。     

高压下Al0.77Mn0.19Yb0.04合金准晶T相形成及结构

 利用静高压（4.2 GPa）熔态（1 300 ℃）淬火（10² ℃/s）方法，对含稀土的铝锰合金Al_0.77Mn_0.19Yb_0.04进行了研究。首次发现了准晶T相得形成。利用选区透射电子衍射技术，对合金中准静态的结构对称性进行了观察和分析。根据X射线和电子衍射对其衍射峰进行了指标化。使用扫描电镜和能谱技术进行了成份分析。     

高温高压下SrB4O7：Eu2+玻璃的晶化

 利用X射线衍射和Eu²⁺发射光谱方法研究了非晶玻璃SrB₄O₇在高温高压下的晶化。结果表明：在5.0 GPa压力下，200 ℃仍为玻璃态，只有几个强度极低的小峰，表明有晶化的迹象；600 ℃时已基本晶化，但为SrB₄O₇正交相与SrB₄O₇高压立方相二相共存；当温度提高到1 000 ℃时，晶化成了近单相的与常压SrB₄O₇粉末晶体相同的正交结构。伴随晶化度的加强，Eu²⁺发射强度增强，与Ｘ射线衍射结果相一致。     

高压截获十次准晶相关晶体相和纳米级超微粒

 对Al₇₀Co₁₅Ni₁₀Tb₅合金进行了静高压（7.0 GPa）熔态（1 700 ℃）淬火（冷却速率10²⁰ C/s）处理，首次观察到一个新十次准晶相关晶体相。该相属底心正交晶体，晶胞参数为a=2.28 nm、b＝1.60 nm、c＝5.46 nm。通过高分辨像分析，给出了它的二维点阵模型。同时在样品中发现了尺寸均匀的纳米级非晶超微粒形成，超微粒为球形，直径30~40 nm。     

高温高压下CeTbO3合成过程中电阻的动态测试研究

 在0.5 GPa、4.0 GPa的压力下，从室温到800 ℃的温度范围内测量了氧化物CeTbO₃、单稀土氧化物Tb₄O₇、CeO₂和摩尔比维4∶1配比的混合物CeO₂+Tb₄O₇等的电阻随温度变化关系。对这四种物质均反映出电阻随温度增加而减小的半导体特征。在压力维0.5 GPa，温度高于600 ℃时发现了混合物CeO₂+Tb₄O₇、氧化物Tb₄O₇中电阻变化的起伏。X射线衍射谱表明，对应这一电阻变化，在结构上出现了变化。结果分析表明，这一变化与Tb⁴⁺→Tb³⁺的价态变化密切相联。     

高温超导体低温、高压下的物理性质的研究

 在3~20 GPa压力范围内，测量了含氧量较低的YBa₂Cu₃O_7-δ（δ=0.46）单晶压力增强效应（dT_c/dp=4.9KGPa^-1）；YBa₂Cu₃O₇（T_c0=90 K）单晶在压力下临界电流密度随压力变化；外磁场H=30 kO_e时，T_c与磁场、压力关系；压力达16.5 GPa下，Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O_x单晶T_c(p)关系（dT_c/dp=-0.4 KGPa^-1）。发现Y系高温超导体的温度压力导数dT_c/dp与T_c0中间呈dT_c/dp=b-mT_c0线性关系（b、m为常数）。结合压力下Y系超导体结构相变和含氧量对T_c影响，分析这类超导体T_c有很强的正压力效应的原因。把实验结果同几种超导电性微观理论模型进行了分析和比较。     

压力对GdoBr:Eu晶场参数的影响

 在室温下测量了GdoBr:Eu的常压和高压荧光谱，光谱范围在13 000~21 500 cm^-1之间，压力至12 GPa。由光谱数据得到了Eu³⁺晶场能级随压力的变化曲线。⁷F_0～5能级随压力的变化规律比较复杂，而⁵D_0~2各能均随压力的升高几乎线性地降低。在基态谱项⁷F的49个状态上进行了晶场拟合计算，所得常压下的5个非零晶场参数分别为：B₀²＝-1 124.0 cm^-1，B₀⁴＝-969.6 cm^-1，B₄⁴＝827.9 cm^-1，B₀⁶＝889.6 cm^-1，B₄⁶＝377.0 cm^-1。高压下的计算结果表明，B₀⁴、B₀⁶这两个晶场参数随压力的增加而增大，B₄⁶随压力的增加而减小，而B₀²、B₄⁴随压力的变化有些起伏。晶场强度在8 GPa以下随压力增加而减小，其后开始变强。     

A study on the formation and stability of quasicrystal in Al4Mn and Al6Cr

Abstract

The condition of the formation of quasicrystal in Al₄Mn and Al₆Cr under high static pressure has been investigated for the first time. I-phase and T-phase have been observed in electron diffraction experiment. The structures of Al₄Mn quenched at about 100 K/s are different under various pressure from 0.95GPa to 4.45GPa. The phase transition from I- and T-phase to crystal phase has also been investigated.     

A first-principles study of the structural and elastic properties of orthorhombic and tetragonal Ca3Mn2O7

The structural and elastic properties of multiferroic Ca3Mn2O7 with ferroelectric orthorhombic （O-phase） and paraelectric tetragonal structures （T-phase） have been studied by first-principles calculations within the generalized gradient approximation （GGA） and the GGA plus Hubbard U approaches （GGA ＋ U）. The calculated theoretical structures are in good agreement with the experimental values. The T-phase is found to be antiferromagnetic （AFM） and the AFM O-phase is more stable than the T-phase, which also agree with the experiments. On these bases, the single-crystal elastic constants （Cijs） and elastic properties of polycrystalline aggregates are investigated for the two phases. Our elasticity calculations indicate Ca3Mn2O7 is mechanically stable against volume expansions. The AFM O-phase is found to be a ductile material, while the AFM T-phase shows brittle nature and tends to be elastically isotropic. We also investigate the influence of strong correlation effects on the elastic properties, qualitatively consistent results are obtained in a reasonable range of values of U. Finally, the ionicity is discussed by Bader analysis. Our work provides useful guidance for the experimental elasticity measurements of Ca3Mn2O7, and makes the strain energy calculation in multiferroic Ca3Mn2O7 thin films possible.     

Thermal and structural characterization of Cu–Al–Mn–X (Ti,Ni) shape memory alloys

In this study, the Cu–Al–Mn–X (X = Ni, Ti) shape memory alloys at the range of 10–12 at.% of aluminum and 4–5 at.% manganese were produced by arc melting. We have investigated the effects of the alloying elements on the transformation temperatures, and the structural and the magnetic properties of the quaternary Cu–Al–Mn–X (X = Ni, Ti) shape memory alloys. The evolution of the transformation temperatures was studied by differential scanning calorimetry with different heating and cooling rates. The characteristic transformation temperatures and the thermodynamic parameters were highly sensitive to variations in the aluminum and manganese content, and it was observed that the nickel addition into the Cu–Al–Mn system decreased the transformation temperature although Ti addition caused an increase in the transformation temperatures. The effect of the nickel and the titanium on the thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy and entropy values was investigated. The structural changes of the samples were studied by X-ray diffraction measurements and by optical microscope observations at room temperature. It is evaluated that the element Ni has been completely soluble in the matrix, and the main phase of the Cu–Al–Mn–Ni sample is martensite, and due to the low solubility of the Ti, the Cu–Al–Mn–Ti sample has precipitates, and a martensite phase at room temperature. The magnetic properties of the Cu–Al–Mn, Cu–Al–Mn–Ni and Cu–Al–Mn–Ti samples were investigated, and the effect of the nickel and the titanium on the magnetic properties was studied.     

Mn effect on wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation in ZnO

Mn doping effect on a wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation in ZnO has been investigated by in situ high pressure X-ray powder diffraction using synchrotron radiation. Unit cell expansion is clearly observed in Mn-doped ZnO samples. Mn ions sit at Zn site in the wurtzite structure. The onset transition pressure for the wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation decreases from about 9.5 GPa for pure ZnO to 6 GPa for sintered 2at.% Mn-doped ZnO while the compressibility and volume collapse at transition pressures are not sensitive to the Mn doping in the wurtzite phase. The doping of Mn ions in ZnO increases the onset transition pressure for the cubic-to-wurtzite phase transformation. The results could be explained by a reduction of phase transformation barriers for both transition paths by the Mn doping. The observation of reduction of the wurtzite-to-cubic phase transformation pressure might point out a new direction to synthesize cubic wurtzite phase of ZnO by doping transition element(s).     

Interfacial reaction of intermetallic compounds of ultrasonic-assisted brazed joints between dissimilar alloys of Ti6Al4V and Al4Cu1Mg

Ultrasonic-assisted brazing of Al4Cu1Mg and Ti6Al4V using Zn-based filler metal (without and with Si) has been investigated. Before brazing, the Ti6Al4V samples were pre-treated by hot-dip aluminizing and ultrasonic dipping in a molten filler metal bath in order to control the formation of intermetallic compounds between the Ti6Al4V samples and the filler metal. The results show that the TiAl(3) phase was formed in the interface between the Ti6Al4V substrate and the aluminized coating. For the Zn-based filler metal without Si, the Ti6Al4V interfacial area of the brazed joint did not change under the effect of the ultrasonic wave, and only consisted of the TiAl(3) phase. For the Zn-based filler metal with Si, the TiAl(3) phase disappeared and a Ti(7)Al(5)Si(12) phase was formed at the interfacial area of the brazed joints under the effect of the ultrasonic wave. Due to the TiAl(3) phase completely changing to a Ti(7)Al(5)Si(12) phase, the morphology of the intermetallic compounds changed from a block-like shape into a lamellar-like structure. The highest shear strength of 138MPa was obtained from the brazed joint free of the block-like TiAl(3) phase.     

ICP-AES法测定KDP晶体及其培养液中的微量元素

用ＩＣＰ－ＡＥＳ法测定ＫＤＰ晶体及其培养液中微量的Ｆｅ、Ｃｒ、Ｍｎ、Ｃａ、Ｍｇ、Ａｌ、Ｓｒ、Ｂａ，并对ＫＤＰ基体对被测元素谱线强度的影响进行考察。以Ｓｃ作内标，方法简便，可获得满意的分析结果。     

Effective mass enhancement and spin-glass behaviour in CeCu4Mn(y)Al(1-y) compounds

We report on the magnetic ac/dc susceptibility and specific heat measurements for the CeCu(4)Mn(y)Al(1-y) series of compounds with 0 ≤ y ≤ 1. All compounds investigated crystallize in the hexagonal CaCu(5)-type structure with the space group P6/mmm. The results reveal that the frustration of the interactions dominates and leads to a spin-glass (SG) behaviour with a linear change of the freezing temperature T(f) as a function of y. The SG state has been confirmed by the frequency dependence of the ac magnetic susceptibility, the relaxation of the remanent magnetization and the split of the field-cooled-zero-field-cooled dc magnetic susceptibility. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ is enhanced for all y and increases with the Al content. Below a threshold at y ≈ 0.3, γ is large even if determined for temperatures above T(f); moreover the paramagnetic Curie-Weiss temperature θ(p) changes sign to negative. These observations indicate the possible presence of the heavy fermion (HF) state, at least below y ≈ 0.3, and the possible coexistence of the SG and HF states down to y = 0, i.e. for the CeCu(4)Al compound. A tentative magnetic phase diagram for CeCu(4)Mn(y)Al(1-y) has been constructed.     

Cd3Al2Ge3O12:Mn2+锗酸盐石榴石光谱性质

本文报道室温下Cd₃Al₂Ge₃O₁₂:Mn²⁺(简称CAGG:Mn²⁺)锗酸盐石榴石的漫反射光谱、激发和发射光谱.在UV光激发下,在CAGG中Mn²⁺离子发射强黄光,这是基质到Mn²⁺离子无辐射能量传递的结果.Mn²⁺的黄发射带是由一个弱的红带和一个强的绿带所组成.讨论了这两个Mn²⁺发射带的起因.     

Tb0.3Dy0.7(Fe0.9T0.1)1.95合金的结构、自旋重取向和穆斯堡尔谱

系统研究了室温下Tb_0.3Dy_0.7(Fe_0.9T_0.1)_1.95(过渡金属元素T=Mn，Fe，Co，B，Al，Ga)合金中ⅢA族金属和过渡金属元素T替代Fe对结构、自旋重取向和穆斯堡尔谱的影响.结果发现，不同金属T替代Fe，Tb_0.3Dy_0.7(Fe_0.9T_0.1)_1.95，合金具有相同的MgCu₂型立方Laves相结构；Al，Ga替代使Tb_0.3Dy_0.7(Fe_0.9T_0.1)_1.95合金的易磁化方向在{110}面逐渐偏离了立方晶体的主对称轴，即自旋重取向，B，Mn，Co替代未使易磁化轴发生明显转动；Al，Ga元素替代使超精细场H_hf略有下降，B，Mn替代对超精细场H_hf的影响不大，而Co元素替代使超精细场H_hf有较大增加；所有元素替代使同质异能移IS有所增加；B，Al，Ga和Mn替代使四极劈裂Q_s增加，而Co替代使四极劈裂Q_s下降. 关键词： 立方Laves相 自旋重取向 穆斯堡尔谱