拉曼光谱在墨迹鉴定中的应用研究进展

拉曼光谱因其微量、无损、高效等优点被广泛应用于法庭科学领域尤其是墨迹分析鉴定中,文章总结了常用的拉曼光谱技术及其在圆珠笔、钢笔、签字笔、激光打印机、喷墨打印机等的墨迹鉴定中的应用,提出建立标准的墨迹拉曼谱图数据库、探索与其他仪器技术联用以及与化学计量学等分析方法的结合将是拉曼光谱技术应用于墨迹鉴定中的发展趋势。     

共焦显微拉曼光谱深度剖析法在笔迹鉴定中的应用

利用共焦显微拉曼光谱纵向扫描采样手段,发展了一种深度剖析光谱方法在法庭科学领域的新应用,并将此方法具体运用到了书写笔迹与印章印泥的鉴定,在纵向上区分笔迹和印泥的空间位置上取得了很好效果。该方法具有快速、简便、灵敏度高、对样品无损伤等优点。     

显微拉曼光谱在宝石鉴定中的应用

探讨了用显微共焦拉曼光谱仪鉴定宝石的可行性、可靠性。结果表明,根据对宝石本体的拉曼测量很容易识别真假宝石。而用显微共焦系统对微小包裹的测量可提供宝石是天然或人造的信息,甚至可追踪天然宝石的产地。我们还注意到,与拉曼谱同时记录到的光荧光谱也是有关样品的珍贵信息,有时也可据此判明宝石是天然的还是人工合成的     

显微拉曼光谱在珍珠鉴定中的应用

本文用显微拉曼对三种珍珠 (天然海水珍珠、人工养殖海水珍珠、人工养殖淡水珍珠 )做了测试与分析。结果表明 :虽然主峰相同 ,然而这三种珍珠的拉曼谱有不可置疑的差别。另外 ,珍珠粉和整粒珍珠也有明显差异。测试中还发现 ,与拉曼谱同时记录到的光荧光谱也是有关珍珠的宝贵信息。因此 ,显微拉曼光谱仪记录到的材料振动谱和荧光谱为珍珠的分析研究及日常鉴定提供了可靠的信息资料。     

显微拉曼光谱技术在司法文书鉴定中的一些应用

本文采用显微激光拉曼谱仪对各类司法文件作了无损检测。根据被检测样品的不同性质分别采用可见、紫外或红外激光作激发光源,取得了令人满意的结果。该方法灵敏快捷,方便无损,证明显微激光拉曼技术用于检测、鉴定司法文件是切实可行的,鉴定的结果可以为法庭提供科学依据。     

枸杞子的共焦显微拉曼光谱鉴别

利用共焦显微拉曼光谱无损快速鉴别了宁夏枸杞和北方枸杞样品。宁夏枸杞和北方枸杞的拉曼谱图有明显的差别 ,易于区别。该方法快速、准确、操作简单、不需对样品进行提取分离、可直接进行测定     

利用拉曼光谱快速无损鉴定翡翠

用HR800型显微共焦拉曼光谱仪(514nm)对一系列翡翠样品进行无损鉴定检测,通过拉曼谱图比对分析准确快速的从样品中鉴别出翡翠的优劣和真假,其中两个样品为A货翡翠,一个样品为B货翡翠,另一个样品为二氧化硅类晶石.     

拉曼光谱在宝玉石鉴定中的应用

:利用拉曼光谱鉴定宝石越来越受到宝石学界的关注。本文测定了许多宝石的拉曼光谱 ,其中包括宝石、玉石、人造宝石和一些贵重宝石的代用品。这些谱图可以作为宝石鉴定的标准对照谱。文中还讨论了宝石拉曼光谱鉴定的一些特点     

共焦显微拉曼光谱在界面研究中的应用

本研究的重点是拓宽共焦显微拉曼光谱技术在液／气、液／固界面研究中的应用。通过合理地设计实验,利用共焦显微拉曼光谱技术高的纵向分辨率研究了液／气界面水溶性的卟啉（ＴＳＰＰ）的聚集行为,发现ＴＳＰＰ在本体中和在界面上的行为有着显著的区别。同时,对甲醇电化学氧化过程中电极表面附近的溶液成分进行了剖层分析。利用其高的横向分辨率,借助表面增强效应对沉积在玻碳上的金薄层进行拉曼成像研究,发现光学成像和拉曼成像     

拉曼光谱技术在文物有机物鉴定中的应用

拉曼光谱作为一种"指纹光谱"可提供物质分子结构的有用信息,已广泛应用于考古及文物保护领域。拉曼光谱技术在文物有机物鉴定中具有测量简便、无损和微区检测等优势,成为文物鉴定的重要手段。本文系统阐述了拉曼光谱技术在文物有机染料、彩绘胶料、有机物残留物等分析方面的应用,指出了该技术应用于文物有机物鉴定研究的广阔前景,并展望了今后的发展方向。     

Channel temperature determination of multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor using micro-Raman technique

Self-heating in multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The device temperature is probed on the die as a function of applied bias. The operating temperature of AlGaN/GaN HEMT is estimated from the calibration curve of passively heated AlGaN/GaN structure. A linear increase of junction temperature is observed when direct current dissipated power is increased. When the power dissipation is 12.75 W at a drain voltage of 15 V, a peak temperature of 69.1 ℃ is observed at the gate edge on the drain side of the central finger. The position of the highest temperature corresponds to the high-field region at the gate edge.     

Mapping the composition of chondritic meteorite Northwest Africa 3118 with micro-Raman spectroscopy

Meteorites provide precious clues about the formation of planets in the solar system. Here, an analytical method to study chondritic meteorites using low- and high-resolution micro-Raman spectroscopy is presented. An approach in mapping the distribution of mineral compositions of a sample is introduced by measuring ～10⁴ Raman spectra along linear, micron-wide paths that traverse the sample to capture detail on small and large spatial scales (from micrometers to millimeters). To refine these analytical procedures, a well-defined chondrule and surrounding matrix of the carbonaceous chondrite Northwest Africa 3118 are analyzed. The morphology and elemental composition of the sample are also studied using scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and creating composite maps with the images obtained by these techniques along the same Raman linear path. The Raman line scan maps of this sample show clear spatial segregation of constituents including pyroxene and olivine, both within and outside the chondrule. Graphitic carbon is also present and appears clustered in domains of a few hundred microns both in the matrix and in the central core of the chondrule. The results obtained with the scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques show that iron is most abundant in the matrix surrounding the chondrule, while the chondrule is enhanced in silicon, magnesium, calcium, aluminum, and sodium. These findings provide a detailed identification of the elemental and mineralogical, spatial composition of the analyzed regions of Northwest Africa 3118.     

纤维上染料的FT-Raman光谱法研究

本文采用近红外傅立叶变换拉曼光谱技术（NIR FT－Raman)对27种染色纤维样品进行了检验，同时得到了它们的本底纤维和染料的拉曼谱图，然后利用计算机谱图处理程序进行拉曼差谱处理，获得了染色纤维上染料的拉曼谱图，由此能够实现对纤维上染料的鉴定，根据染料分子的拉曼光谱的特征将24种染色纤维按局部结构特征分为7类，有助于同色纤维上染料的鉴别，该方法快速、简便，灵敏度高，不需从纤维上提取染料。     

Channel temperature determination of a multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor using a micro-Raman technique

Self-heating in a multifinger AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistor (HEMT) is investigated by micro-Raman spectroscopy. The device temperature is probed on the die as a function of applied bias. The operating temperature of the AlGaN/GaN HEMT is estimated from the calibration curve of a passively heated AlGaN/GaN structure. A linear increase of junction temperature is observed when direct current dissipated power is increased. When the power dissipation is 12.75 W at a drain voltage of 15 V, a peak temperature of 69.1°C is observed at the gate edge on the drain side of the central finger. The position of the highest temperature corresponds to the high-field region at the gate edge.     

不同产地软玉的拉曼光谱分析及在古玉器无损研究中的应用

利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术分别对中国新疆、青海、江苏、辽宁及韩国、俄罗斯、加拿大、新西兰和澳大利亚的软玉样品进行无损分析研究。首先利用拉曼光谱区分了透闪石型和阳起石型软玉, 并对软玉双链结构中Na+、K+对Ca2+以及Al3+对Si2+的不同置换程度引起低频区域特征峰的漂移进行分析, 同时还研究了表面状态和显微结构对674cm-1附近峰强的影响。最后利用拉曼(Raman)光谱技术结合质子激发X射线荧光(PIXE)和X射线衍射(XRD)对河南安阳殷墟遗址、河南省洛阳地区和浙江良渚遗址出土的9件中国古代玉器进行透闪石型软玉的矿相标定, 证明拉曼光谱在中国古玉器结构测试和材质鉴定中是一种很好的无损分析手段。     

Detection of algae and bacterial biofilms formed on titanium surfaces using micro-Raman analysis

Biofouling is one of the major impediments in the use of titanium in sea-water cooled condensers of power plants, which is otherwise an excellent material with respect to corrosion resistance. Raman microscopic experiments were carried out on biofilms grown on titanium surfaces to find out the chemical composition of complex extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) in the biofilm. Though the spectral resolution of normal Raman experiments on these systems was very poor, it was improved when micro-SERS experiments were carried out using mono and bimetallic Ag and Cu colloids. It was observed that spatial distribution of polysaccharides was higher than that of proteins in algae biofilms formed on titanium matrix. Similar experiments were performed on laboratory cultured bacterial films of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It was evidenced that algal and bacterial biofilms on titanium can be clearly distinguished with the help of Raman mapping coupled with SERS technique using bimetallic Ag/Cu colloids.     

应用近红外光谱进行玉米单籽粒品种真实性鉴定的光谱测量方法研究

从玉米籽粒胚的朝向,中长波漫反射分析和短波透射分析,进样方式三个方面进行了研究,通过比较不同的测量方法对品种识别模型性能的影响来选择最佳的玉米单籽粒光谱测量方式,进而鉴定玉米单籽粒品种真实性。原始光谱经过预处理后,使用判别式偏最小二乘法(PLS-DA)对数据进行特征提取和降维,选取前9个因子建立8个玉米品种的仿生模式识别模型。结果表明,玉米籽粒胚正对光源优于胚背对光源,中长波漫反射分析优于短波透射分析,小样品池效果好于小光阑。采用最优测量方法(籽粒胚正对光源,使用小样品池和中长波漫反射分析)获取玉米单籽粒的近红外光谱,建立的品种识别模型对本品种样品的平均正确识别率达到94.6%,对其他品种样品的平均正确拒识率达到96.5%。     

红外光谱在中药定性定量分析中的应用

红外光谱灵敏度高、操作简便、谱带的专属性强,特别适合于中药材的无损快速鉴别和定量分析,它正在成为中药质量控制方面的一种有效手段。文章综述了红外光谱在中药定性和定量研究中的应用现状,对红外光谱在中药材(同一药材不同部位,不同产地、品种的同种中药材,易混淆、真伪中药材等)和中成药(中药配方颗粒和注射剂等)的鉴别分析与有效成分含量测定等方面的应用进行了详细评述。随着傅里叶变换红外光谱和计算机技术的不断发展,它必将在中国中药的现代化和国际化道路上起到关键作用。     

The model updating based on near infrared spectroscopy for the sex identification of silkworm pupae from different varieties by a semi-supervised learning with pre-labeling method

Abstract

It is effective to accurately discriminate the sex of silkworm pupae with the same varieties based on near infrared spectroscopy. However, when the model is promoted to classify new varieties of silkworm pupae, the model’s performance becomes worse, due to the cultivation environment and varieties changing. In the aims of improving the generalization ability and accuracy of the model, this paper proposed a model updating strategy based on semi-supervised learning. First, support vector machine identification model was built after the original spectra was pretreated by Savitzky-Golay convolution smoothing operation, which could effectively reduce spectra noise. Then, the support vector machine model gave the pre-labelings of unlabeled silkworm pupae in the updated set, which were divided into male samples and female samples. According to the correlation coefficients that calculated by Pearson correlation coefficient and Euclidean distance, a total of 8 reliable samples were selected from the male and female samples, respectively. The reliable samples were added to the original training set to update the original model. Finally, the updated model was used to test the test sets from the varieties of silkworm pupae that were the same with updated sets.The results showed the performance of the non-updated model for silkworm pupae from the three new varieties just reached 54.55%, 68.52%, 86.84%, respectively. The support vector machine model updated by using Pearson correlation coefficient improved the accuracy to 100%, 96.30%, 97.37%, and the model updated by Euclidean distance increased the identification accuracy of the three varieties that were not involved in the modeling to 100%, 75.93%, 92.10% respectively. The results showed that the performance of the model updated by Pearson correlation coefficient was better than Euclidean distance. The results revealed that the method based on semi-supervised learning could effectively solve the problem of poor universality for sex identification model.     

近红外光谱技术快速鉴别蜂胶品种的可行性研究

不同植物源的蜂胶物质组成不同,其生理和药理活性也存在着一定的差异。目前主要是根据蜂胶中物质组成及其含量的不同来鉴别蜂胶植物源,存在着一些局限性。因此,建立一种快速、准确鉴别蜂胶植物源的方法具有重要的意义。以三种不同植物源的蜂胶(杨树型蜂胶、桦树型蜂胶和橡树型蜂胶)为研究对象,利用傅里叶变换近红外光谱仪对蜂胶的无水乙醇溶液进行光谱扫描,采用主成分分析结合马氏距离判别法和典型判别分析分别建立蜂胶品种的判别模型并对其性能进行检验。结果表明： 在经过光谱预处理和主成分分析后,得到最佳的光谱建模波段为4 500～12 000 cm-1,最佳的光谱预处理方法为一阶导数+Savitzky-Golay(7)平滑;主成分分析结合马氏距离判别法建立的判别模型校正集和检验集的判别准确率分别为93.62%和82.61%;典型判别分析建立的判别模型的判别准确率为91.4%,交叉检验的判别准确率为88.6%。由此可知,主成分分析结合马氏距离判别法与典型判别分析对蜂胶样品的分类效果均较好。近红外光谱技术结合化学计量学方法应用于蜂胶植物源的快速、准确鉴别具有一定的可行性和实用性。