狭长CsI(Tl)闪烁体发光效率的研究

提出了基于狭长CsI（Tl）闪烁体和面阵CCD器件,采用光纤和光纤面板进行光耦合及传输,以扇形束线阵扫描方式实现对X射线探测与成像的工业X-CT系统探测器方案.基此,通过物理分析及数学建模,利用Matlab模拟研究了X光能量小于450 keV时狭长CsI（Tl）闪烁体的发光效率等性能指标.研究结果表明：当光电吸收截面μph和康普顿吸收截面μc分别为0.000313和0.0000295、反射层反射系数R和衬底反射系数Rs分别取0.95和0.8、荧光线性吸收系数σ取0.000222 μm－1时,得到狭长CsI(Tl)闪烁晶体的长度l、高度h和宽度w取值范围分别是926～4512 μm、242～5000 μm和242～5000 μm的结论.在此范围内,既可使闪烁晶体有较好的空间分辨率又可获得最高的发光效率.     

Optically (solar) pumped oxygen-iodine lasers

We present the results of theoretical and experimental studies demonstrating the possibility of developing an oxygen-iodine laser (OIL) with direct optical pumping of molecular oxygen involving inter-molecular interaction with charge transfer from donor molecule (buffer gas) to acceptor molecule (oxygen). This interaction lifts degeneracy of the lower energy states of molecular oxygen and increases its absorption cross section in the visible spectral region and the UV Herzberg band, where high quantum yield of singlet oxygen is achieved (QY ～ 1 and QY ～ 2, respectively) at the same time. A pulse-periodic optical pump sources with pulse energy of ～50 kJ, pulse duration of ～25 μs, and repetition rate of ～10 Hz, which are synchronized with the mechanism of singlet oxygen generation, are developed. This allows implementation of a pulse-periodic oxygen-iodine laser with an efficiency of ～25%, optical efficiency of ～40%, and parameter L/T ～ 1/1.5, where T is the thermal energy released in the laser active medium upon generation of energy L. It is demonstrated that, under direct solar pumping of molecular oxygen, the efficiency parameter of the OIL can reach L/T ～ 1/0.8 in a wide range of scaling factors.     

激光二极管抽运(Tm,Ho)∶YLF激光器光谱特性实验分析

Ho∶YLF晶体的5I7和5I8斯塔克能级分裂数较多,形成2047~2070nm宽的增益谱带,对于可调谐2μm激光及宽带激光放大器研究具有重要意义。理论上分析了(Tm,Ho)∶YLF晶体的能级结构,并对晶体掺杂浓度和长度进行了优化。实验研究了激光二极管抽运微片Tm(原子数分数0.06),Ho(原子数分数0.004)∶YLF激光谱线可调谐特性,调谐范围2.0656~2.0671μm。利用(Tm,Ho)∶YLF晶体的宽增益谱特性,将其作为激光二极管抽运激光放大器,成功地将2.048μm(Tm,Ho)∶GdVO4激光功率放大了2.5倍。实验上测量了(Tm,Ho)∶YLF晶体在强抽运条件下480~492nm及530~550nm可见波段的上转换蓝绿光荧光谱。     

Block spin ground state and three-dimensionality of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se2

The magnetic properties and electronic structure of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se(2) is studied using first-principles calculations. The ground state is checkerboard antiferromagnetically coupled blocks of the minimal Fe(4) squares, with a large block-spin moment ～11.2 μ(B). The magnetic interactions could be modeled with a simple spin model involving both the inter- and intrablock, as well as the nearest-neighbor and next-nearest-neighbor couplings. The calculations also suggest a metallic ground state except for y=0.8 where a band gap ～400-550 meV opens, showing an antiferromagnetic insulator ground state for (K,Tl)(0.8)Fe(1.6)Se(2). The electronic structure of the metallic (K,Tl)(y)Fe(1.6)Se(2) is highly three dimensional with unique Fermi surface structure and topology. These features indicate that the Fe-vacancy ordering is crucial to the physical properties of (K,Tl)(y)Fe(2-x)Se(2).     

Eu3+配合物掺杂聚合物的制备与光谱性能研究

以噻吩甲酰三氟丙酮(2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone , TTFA), 六氟乙酰丙酮(hexafluoro- acetylacetone, HFA)和甲基联苯甲酰(dibenzoylmethide, DBM) 分别为配体合成了Eu3+的三种β-二酮类配合物Eu(TTFA)3、Eu(HFA)3和 Eu(DBM)3,以及掺杂这三种配合物的聚合物（聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯,PMMA）,并用分光光度计对它们的荧光光谱特性进行了分析研究.结果表明,三种配合物中Eu(TTFA)3荧光强度最强,并分析了其原因,发现能级匹配、配体取代基、配体结构对称性等均对配合物发光效率有重要的影响.通过比对,证明了TTFA是Eu3+发红色荧光的优良配体.进一步研究还发现,Eu(TTFA)3掺杂PMMA中稀土离子的荧光强度和荧光寿命均随掺杂浓度（质量分数为0.08～0.5）的增加而增大.     

Optical Recording Performance of In_（47）Sb_（14）Te_（39）Phase Change Thin Films using 514．5nm Wavelength Laser Beam

ＯｐｔｉｃａｌＲｅｃｏｒｄｉｎｇＰｅｒｆｏｒｍａｎｃｅｏｆＩｎ_（４７）Ｓｂ_（１４）Ｔｅ_（３９）ＰｈａｓｅＣｈａｎｇｅＴｈｉｎＦｉｌｍｓｕｓｉｎｇ５１４．５ｎｍＷａｖｅｌｅｎｇｔｈＬａｓｅｒＢｅａｍ￥ＭＥＮＬｉｑｉｕ；ＪＩＡＮＧＦｕｓｏｎｇ；ＧＡＮ?..     

Microscopic origin of the giant ferroelectric polarization in tetragonal-like BiFeO(3)

We report direct experimental evidence for a room-temperature, ～130 μC/cm(2) ferroelectric polarization from the tetragonal-like BiFeO(3) phase. The physical origin of this remarkable enhancement of ferroelectric polarization has been investigated by a combination of x-ray absorption spectroscopy, scanning transmission electron microscopy, and first principles calculations. A large strain-induced Fe-ion displacement relative to the oxygen octahedra, combined with the contribution of Bi 6s lone pair electrons, is the mechanism driving the large ferroelectric polarization in this tetragonal-like phase.     

Metastability of free cobalt and iron clusters: a possible precursor to bulk ferromagnetism

Homonuclear cobalt and iron clusters Co(N) and Fe(N) measured in a cryogenic molecular beam exist in two states with distinct magnetic moments (μ), polarizabilities, and ionization potentials, indicating distinct valences. The μ is approximately quantized: μ(N)～2Nμ(B) in the ground states and μ(N)(*)～Nμ(B) in the excited states for Co; μ(N)～3Nμ(B) and μ(N)(*)～Nμ(B) for Fe. At a large size, the average μ of the two states converges to the bulk value with diminishing ionization potential differences. The experiments suggest localized ferromagnetism in the two states and that itinerant ferromagnetism emerges from their superposition.     

Spectroscopic Properties and Energy Transfers in Tm ~(3 ) and Yb~( 3 )/Tm ~( 3 ) Doped Fluoroaluminate Glass

1　Ｉｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎ　　Ｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ1 Ｇ4→ 3Ｈ6 (4 80ｎｍ)ｏｆＴｍ3 ｉｓｉｎｔｈｅｉｎｔｅｒｅｓｔｉｎｇｂｌｕｅｒｅｇｉｏｎ .Ｔｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｔｉｏｎ3Ｆ4→ 3Ｈ4(～ 1.45 μｍ)ｏｆＴｍ3 ｅｘｈｉｂｉｔｓｃｏｎｓｉｄｅｒａｂｌｅｏｖｅｒｌａｐｗｉｔｈａｎａｂｓｏｒｐｔｉｏｎｂａｎｄｏｆＨ2 Ｏ ,ｓｏｉｔｃａｎｂｅａｐｐｌｉｅｄａｓａｕｓｅｆｕｌｓｏｕｒｃｅｆｏｒｗａｔｅｒｏｒｈｕｍｉｄｉｔｙｓｅｎｓｉｎｇ[1 ] .Ａｈｉｇｈ ｐｏｗｅｒ 1.45 μｍＴｍ3 ｄｏｐｅｄｆｉｂｅｒｌａｓ…     

RKKY ferromagnetism with Ising-like spin states in intercalated Fe(1/4)TaS2

We investigated the magnetic nature of Fe(1/4)TaS2 using x-ray absorption spectroscopy, photoemission spectroscopy, and first principles band calculations. The results show a large unquenched orbital magnetic moment (～1.0 μ(B)/Fe) at intercalated Fe sites, resulting in a gigantic magnetic anisotropy (H(A)?60 T). The magnetic coupling is well understood in terms of the Ruderman-Kittel-Kasuya-Yosida (RKKY) interaction, suggesting a novel RKKY ferromagnet with Ising-type spin states. We also found that this indirect exchange coupling between the neighboring Fe spins is ferromagnetic and maximized at the Fe-Fe distance of 2×2 superstructure.     

Design and test of a Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber with Long readout-strip (LMRPC)

A new kind (two end readout) of Multi-gap Resistive Plate Chamber with long readout-strip (LMRPC) is developed to be used at the large-area Muon Telescope Detector (MTD) at mid-rapidity at RHIC/STAR experiment for Time-of-Flight (TOF) measurement. The LMRPC has an active area of 87 cm× 17 cm, 10 gas gaps of 250 μm arranged in 2 stacks, with readout strips of 2.5 cm wide and 90 cm long. The considerations in LMRPC design related to its performance are discussed in this paper. The cosmic ray test results of a prototype LMRPC show a detection efficiency >95% and the time resolution ～70 ps.     

熔石英紫外激光初始损伤形态分析

 采取355 nm激光脉冲辐照熔石英样品,利用Nomarski微分干涉差显微镜、原子力显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观测手段对前后表面产生的损伤点进行了观察分析。对前后表面损伤形态做出详细的描述和分类,从理论上对每种损伤类型产生的条件与机理做出推测。实验结果表明：熔石英前表面存在小麻点群损伤和星状裂纹损伤两种损伤形态,横向尺寸分别为0.8～2.5和1.0～5.5 μm;后表面存在小麻点群损伤、壳状剥离损伤和火山口3种损伤形态,损伤横向尺寸分别为0.48～1.33,4～20和12～30 μm。实验证明了1 μm尺度损伤点的产生与再沉积层密切相关。     

Unipolar Arc Tracks on Stainless Steel

Craters caused by unipolar arcs on stainless steel depend strongly on surface conditions. There are three diameter distributions: Small craters (～ 0.3 μm) for oxidised surfaces, larger craters (～ 2 μm) for moderately cleaned areas, and very large craters (～ 20 μm) for clean surfaces. These values are compatible with Joule heating models of crater formation. Compared with other metals of interest, stainless steel shows the largest craters.     

Intrinsic spin fluctuations reveal the dynamical response function of holes coupled to nuclear spin baths in (In,Ga)As quantum dots

The problem of how single central spins interact with a nuclear spin bath is essential for understanding decoherence and relaxation in many quantum systems, yet is highly nontrivial owing to the many-body couplings involved. Different models yield widely varying time scales and dynamical responses (exponential, power-law, gaussian, etc.). Here we detect the small random fluctuations of central spins in thermal equilibrium [holes in singly charged (In,Ga)As quantum dots] to reveal the time scales and functional form of bath-induced spin relaxation. This spin noise indicates long (400 ns) spin correlation times at a zero magnetic field that increase to ～5 μs as dominant hole-nuclear relaxation channels are suppressed with small (100 G) applied fields. Concomitantly, the noise line shape evolves from Lorentzian to power law, indicating a crossover from exponential to slow [～1/log(t)] dynamics.     

四种藏药成方制剂中铅、砷含量的湿法消化-流动注射氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱法测定研究

选择藏族地区常用的四种藏药成方制剂安置精华散、当佐、仁青常觉和七十味珍珠丸作为研究对象,通过优化消化条件和测定条件,探索建立其铅、砷含量测定的湿法消化与流动注射氢化物发生-原子吸收光谱(FI-HAAS)联用分析方法,并对其铅砷含量进行精确测定。在优化的工作条件下,铅和砷的检出限分别为：0.067和0.012 μg·mL-1;定量限分别为：0.22和0.041 μg·mL-1;线性范围分别为：25～1 600 ng·mL-1(r=0.999 5),12.5～800 ng·mL-1(r=0.999 4);精密度(RSD)分别为：2.0%和3.2%;加标回收率范围分别为：98.00%～99.98%和96.67%～99.87%。四种藏药成方制剂的铅、砷含量测定结果如下,安置精华散中铅砷含量分别为：0.63～0.67和0.32～0.33 μg·g-1;当佐为：42.92～43.36和24.67～25.87 μg·g-1;仁青常觉为：1 611.39～1 631.36和926.76～956.52 μg·g-1;七十味珍珠丸为：1 102.28～1 119.27和509.96～516.87 μg·g-1。本研究建立了藏药成方制剂中铅、砷检测方法,并测定了四种藏药成方制剂中铅、砷含量,为其在临床安全有效使用提供了参考依据。     

Size-induced effect on cathode luminescence spectra of CsI(Na) and CsI(Tl) crystals

We investigated the cathode luminescence characteristics of CsI(Na)and CsI(Tl)crystals by the spectrum and structure properties at room temperature.We fabricated three different sizes of CsI(Na)and CsI(Tl)crystals and measured their luminescence spectra under cathode rays.We found that CsI(Na)cathode luminescence peaks appear at 420 and 305 nm,and CsI(Tl)cathode luminescence peaks are 540 and 410 nm,the grain size affects CsI(Na)luminescence significantly,and the Na-related420 nm luminescence intensified relatively when the average grain size reaches~20μm,which becomes weak when the grain size is down to nano-scale.But the cathode luminescence spectra of CsI(Tl)crystals with different size have no obvious changes.Our explanations for these phenomena are that the different impurities in the same host material CsI lead to different luminescence mechanisms.These cathode luminescence characteristics indicate the suitability of CsI(Na)and CsI(Tl)crystals to match photomultiplier tube for large area crystal detector development.     

高功率宽调谐输出的多周期极化铌酸锂晶体光学参量振荡器

利用掺杂浓度为5 mol%的掺氧化镁多周期极化铌酸锂晶体实现了高效单谐振的准相位匹配光参量振荡器,所使用的周期极化铌酸锂晶体有6个周期,且以1 μm为间隔,从26.5~31.5 μm. 该光参量振荡器以脉宽为150 ns,重复频率为10 kHz的声光调Q Nd∶YAG激光器为泵浦源,且泵浦光波长为1.064 μm. 通过控制晶体的温度（50~200℃）以及改变晶体的极化周期（26.5~31.5 μm）,可由该光参量振荡器获得2.83~2.89 μm,3.10~3.38 μm,3.57~3.78 μm,3.95~4.12 μm, 4.28~4.46 μm,4.65~4.79 μm的闲频光连续调谐输出. 且当泵浦功率为8.15 W时,在闲频光输出波长为3.33 μm处,获得了最大输出功率2.17 W.     

The High Energy X-ray telescope (HE) onboard the Insight-HXMT astronomy satellite

The Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope(Insight-HXMT) is a broadband X-ray and γ-ray(1-3000 ke V) astronomy satellite. One of its three main telescopes is the High Energy X-ray telescope(HE). The main detector plane of HE comprises 18 Na I(Tl)/Cs I(Na) phoswich detectors, where Na I(Tl) is used as the primary detector to measure ~ 20-250 ke V photons incident from the field of view(FOV) defined by collimators, and Cs I(Na) is used as the active shielding detector to Na I(Tl) by pulse shape discrimination. Additionally, Cs I(Na) is used as an omnidirectional γ-ray monitor. The HE collimators have a diverse FOV,i.e. 1.1°×5.7°(15 units), 5.7°×5.7°(2 units), and blocked(1 unit). Therefore, the combined FOV of HE is approximately5.7°×5.7°. Each HE detector has a diameter of 190 mm resulting in a total geometrical area of approximately 5100 cm2, and the energy resolution is ~15% at 60 ke V. For each recorded X-ray event by HE, the timing accuracy is less than 10 μs and the deadtime is less than 10 μs. HE is used for observing spectra and temporal variability of X-ray sources in the 20-250 ke V band either by pointing observations for known sources or scanning observations to unveil new sources. Additionally, HE is used for monitoring the γ-ray burst in 0.2-3 Me V band. This paper not only presents the design and performance of HE instruments but also reports results of the on-ground calibration experiments.     

Three-dimensional microfluidic channel with arbitrary length and configuration fabricated inside glass by femtosecond laser direct writing

We demonstrate, for the first time to the best of our knowledge, fabrication of three-dimensional microfluidic channels with arbitrary lengths and configurations inside glass by femtosecond laser direct writing. The main fabrication process includes two steps: (1) direct formation of hollow microchannels in a porous glass substrate immersed in water by femtosecond laser ablation and (2) postannealing of the glass substrate at ～1150°C by which the porous glass can be consolidated. We show that a square-wavelike channel with a total length of ～1.4 cm and a diameter of ～64 μm can be easily produced ～250 μm beneath the glass surface.     

Topological Superconductivity in Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3)

A topological superconductor (TSC) is characterized by the topologically protected gapless surface state that is essentially an Andreev bound state consisting of Majorana fermions. While a TSC has not yet been discovered, the doped topological insulator Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3), which superconducts below ～3 K, has been predicted to possess a topological superconducting state. We report that the point-contact spectra on the cleaved surface of superconducting Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3) present a zero-bias conductance peak (ZBCP) which signifies unconventional superconductivity. Theoretical considerations of all possible superconducting states help us conclude that this ZBCP is due to Majorana fermions and gives evidence for a topological superconductivity in Cu(x)Bi(2)Se(3). In addition, we found an unusual pseudogap that develops below ～20 K and coexists with the topological superconducting state.