Ferromagnetism in Metallocene-Doped Fullerenes

 Ferromagnetism in fullerene-based systems doped with metallocenes is reviewed. These compounds form a ferromagnetic state by spin-coupling between π electrons on fullerene units, while the metallocene molecules do not contribute to the spin ordering. One of these compounds has the highest critical temperature (19 K) for this class of compound. The magnetic properties of these materials are very strongly dependent on the crystallization conditions. Corresponding author. E-mail: Dragan.Mihailovic@ijs.si Received September 4, 2002; accepted September 6, 2002     

Ferromagnetism in talc-like cobalt-phyllosilicates

The synthetic layered 1:1 phyllosilicate, Co_2.3Al_0.7Si_1.3Al_0.7O₅(OH)₄, and 2:1 phyllosilicates Co₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)_0.7F_1.3, Co₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)_1.2F_0.8(Co(CH₃COO)₂)_0.24, Co₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)_1.3F_0.7 (TAEAH)_0.12 and Co₃Si₄O₁₀(OH)_1.3F_0.7 (TAEAH)_0.24 have been obtained under hydrothermal conditions at ca. 200 °C (TAEA : (tris-aminoethyl)-amine). The compounds are characterized by interplanar distances of 7.0, 9.5, 11.1, 13.3 and 14.3 Å, respectively. They show long range magnetic ordering below 16 K, characterized by positive Weiss constants, imaginary component in the ac-susceptibility, spontaneous magnetisation in small applied field and coercive fields in the range 400 to 700 Oe. The magnetisation in field of 3 Tesla classifies them as 3D ferromagnet.     

Ferromagnetism in Metallocene-Doped Fullerenes

 Ferromagnetism in fullerene-based systems doped with metallocenes is reviewed. These compounds form a ferromagnetic state by spin-coupling between π electrons on fullerene units, while the metallocene molecules do not contribute to the spin ordering. One of these compounds has the highest critical temperature (19 K) for this class of compound. The magnetic properties of these materials are very strongly dependent on the crystallization conditions.     

Ferromagnetism of manganese-doped InSb alloys

InSb samples containing 0.22–1.42 wt % manganese were synthesized and identified. The unit cell parameter decreased as the manganese concentration increased. The samples contained microinclusions of manganese antimonides. Electrical and magnetic measurements showed two ferromagnetic phases (In_1?x Mn_xSb solid solution with T _c ～ 7 K and MnSb with T _c ～ 580 K) and a ferrimagnetic phase (Mn₂Sb). The samples had p-type conductivity with a charge carrier concentration of about 10²⁰cm^?3. The semiconductor conductivity was observed at low temperatures and changed to the metal conductivity with temperature elevation.     

Ferromagnetism Exhibited by Nanoparticles of Noble Metals

Gold nanoparticles with average diameters in the range 2.5–15 nm, prepared at the organic/aqueous interface by using tetrakis(hydroxymethyl)phosphonium chloride (THPC) as reducing agent, exhibit ferromagnetism whereby the saturation magnetization M_S increases with decreasing diameter and varies linearly with the fraction of surface atoms. The value of M_S is higher when the particles are present as a film instead of as a sol. Capping with strongly interacting ligands such as alkane thiols results in a higher M_S value, which varies with the strength of the metal–sulfur bond. Ferromagnetism is also found in Pt and Ag nanoparticles prepared as sols, and the M_S values vary as Pt>Au>Ag. A careful study of the temperature variation of the magnetization of Au nanoparticles, along with certain other observations, suggests that small bare nanoparticles of noble metals could indeed possess ferromagnetism, albeit weak, which is accentuated in the presence of capping agents, specially alkane thiols which form strong metal–sulfur bonds.     

Ferromagnetism in one-dimensional vanadium-benzene sandwich clusters

A molecular beam of multilayer vanadium-benzene organometallic complexes Vn(C6H6)m was produced by a laser vaporization synthesis method. The magnetic moments of the complexes were measured by a molecular beam magnetic deflection technique, and were found to increase with the number of vanadium atoms in the cluster, showing that the unpaired electrons, which occupy the nonbonding dsigma orbitals localized on the metal atoms, couple ferromagnetically. These sandwich species represent a new class of one-dimensional molecular magnets in which the transition metal atoms are formally zerovalent.     

Carriers-assisted Enhanced Ferromagnetism in Al-doped ZnMnO Nano-crystallites

Zn_0.95-xAl_xMn_0.05O (x=0, 0.03, 0.05, and 0.07) dilute magnetic semiconductor materials have been synthesized by sol-gel auto-combustion technique. The effect of Al doping on the structural, electrical, and magnetic properties has been investigated. X-ray diffraction studies demonstrate the existence of single phase characteristic hexagonal wurtzite type crystal structure, similar to the host ZnO, in all the synthesized compositions. Although, the microscopic images revealed that the grains were clustered, yet some individual grains could be seen to have hexagonal texture. Electrical resistivity was observed to decrease with the rise of temperature up to 450 oC, depicting the characteristic semiconductor behavior. Room temperature ferromagnetic behavior was observed in all the compositions. The value of saturation magnetization increased with the increase of Al concentration in ZnMnO system referred to the gradual enhancement of free carriers.     

Ferromagnetism and chirality in two-dimensional cyanide-bridged bimetallic compounds

The combination of hexacyanoferrate(III) anions, [Fe(CN)(6)](3)(-), with nickel(II) complexes derived from the chiral ligand trans-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (trans-chxn) affords the enantiopure layered compounds [Ni(trans-(1S,2S)-chxn)(2)](3)[Fe(CN)(6)](2).2H(2)O (1) and [Ni(trans-(1R,2R)-chxn)(2)](3)[Fe(CN)(6)](2).2H(2)O (2). These chiral systems behave as ferromagnets (T(c) = 13.8 K) with a relatively high coercive field (H(c) = 0.17 T) at 2 K. They also exhibit an unusual magnetic behavior at low temperatures that has been attributed to the dynamics of the magnetic domains in the ordered phase.     

Ferromagnetism of GaSb (2% Mn) alloy

A polycrystalline sample of composition GaSb + 2% Mn was prepared by melt quenching. Manganese substitutes for gallium positions to form limited solid solution Ga_{1 ? x} Mn _x Sb, as shown by X-ray powder diffraction and SEM, but most manganese is consumed in the formation of magnetically ordered Mn_1.1Sb inclusions having the Curie point T _C ≈ 560 K, as shown by magnetic studies.     

Acetic Acid Assistant Hydrogenation of Graphene Sheets with Ferromagnetism

Ferromagnetism of pure carbon-based materials has been widely researched for several years. In therocially and experimentally, semi-hydrogenation graphene sheets exhibit ferromagnitism, which is related to the degree of hydrogenation. Here we reported the controllable hydrogenation of graphene using ball-milling method with acetic acid as hydrogenating agent. The hydrogenation graphene sheets were characterized by means of transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and magnetic measurement. The relusts of Raman spectroscopy demonstrate that the relative intensity of D band increases with the hydrogenation degree. The resluts of magnetic meansurement indicate the maximal magnetic moment of 0.274 A·m²/kg at 2 K for semi-hydrogenation graphene.     

铝原子簇

原子簇是现今化学研究的热点之一。简要介绍了原子簇的概念,并详细介绍了铝原子簇中的Al13、Al14的结构、性质,以及铝碘化物原子簇的稳定性规律。最后介绍了研究铝原子簇的意义。     

Electroluminescent Clusters

Optoelectronic cluster materials emerge rapidly in recent years especially for light-emitting devices, owing to their 100 % exciton harvesting and unique organic–inorganic hybrid structures with tunable excited-state characteristics for thermally activated delayed fluorescence and/or phosphorescence and inheritable photo- and thermo-stability. However, for efficient electroluminescence, excited-state compositions of cluster emitters should be tuned through ligand engineering to enhance ligand-centered radiative components and reduce cluster-centered quenching states. Nonetheless, the balance of optoelectronic properties requires delicate and controllable ligand functionalization. On the other hand, in addition to balancing carrier fluxes, it showed that device engineering, especially host matrixes and interfacial optimization, can not only alleviate triplet quenching, but also modify processing and passivate defects. As consequence, the record external quantum efficiencies of cluster light-emitting diodes already reached ≈30 %. Herein, we overview recent progress of electroluminescent cluster materials and discuss their structure–property relationships, which would inspire the continuous efforts making cluster light-emitting diodes competent as the new generation of displays and lighting sources.     

原子团簇

原子团簇与无机纳米材料一样,可以看作是纳米尺度的无机物质形态,但是具有确定的结构和组成,因此可以成为认识和研究纳米乃至大块固体表面结构的分子模型。由原子团簇组装的材料,有可能兼具纳米材料和分子材料的特性。     

Remarkable Anticancer Activity of Triruthenium-Arene Clusters Compared to Tetraruthenium-Arene Clusters

Abstract The in vitro activity of a series of ruthenium clusters, [(η⁶-C₆H₆)(η⁶-C₆Me₆)₂Ru₃(μ-H)₃(μ₃-O)][BF₄], [(η⁶-C₆H₆)(η⁶-1,4-ⁱPrC₆H₄Me)(η⁶-C₆Me₆)Ru₃(μ-H)₃(μ₃-O)][BF₄], [(η⁶-C₆H₆)₄Ru₄(μ-H)₄][BF₄]₂, [(η⁶-C₆H₅Me)₄Ru₄(μ-H)₄][BF₄]₂ and [(η⁶-C₆H₆)₄Ru₄(μ-H)₃(μ-OH)][Cl]₂, has been evaluated against A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian carcinoma cell lines. Both triruthenium clusters are very active compared to ruthenium compounds in general, whereas the tetraruthenium clusters do not display significant cytotoxicities. Since the triruthenium clusters are known to form supramolecular interactions with arenes and other functions, it is possible that such interactions are also important with respect to their mode of biological activity. The X-ray structure analysis of [(η⁶-C₆H₅Me)₄Ru₄(μ-H)₄][PF₆]₂ is also reported. Graphical Abstract The in vitro activity of a series of ruthenium clusters has been evaluated against A2780 and A2780cisR ovarian carcinoma cell lines and their activity compared to cisplatin. The triruthenium clusters are very active, while the tetraruthenium clusters do not display significant cytotoxicities. Dedicated to Professor Dieter Fenske on the occasion of his 65th birthday anniversary     

钆铁磁－顺磁相变的正电子寿命研究

通过测量金属钆在居里点附近的正电子湮没寿命谱随温度变化的关系，发现钆的正电子湮没寿命在居里点近邻Ｔ＜ＴＣ一侧随温度有显著变化，而在此温区以外几乎不随温度变化     

Ferromagnetism vs. antiferromagnetism of the dimorphic HoCrO4 oxide

This paper reports the specific conditions used in the preparation of the dimorphic phases of HoCrO₄ oxide. The scheelite form has been obtained from the room pressure stable HoCrO₄–zircon heated at 823 K at 40 kbar. The structures of both the polytypes have been refined from X-ray powder diffraction data using the Rietveld method. The zircon type of HoCrO₄ oxide crystallizes with tetragonal symmetry, S.G. I4₁/amd and lattice parameters a = 7.119(10) and c = 6.2557(5) Å; while the scheelite–HoCrO₄ derivative shows tetragonal symmetry, S.G. I4₁/a and lattice parameters a = 5.0017(1) and c = 11.2664(2) Å. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show that both zircon and scheelite forms of HoCrO₄ oxide present a very different magnetic behaviour at low temperatures. The zircon form behaves as a ferromagnet with a Curie temperature of 17.6 K, while the scheelite form is antiferromagnetic with a Néel temperature of 7.6 K. A metamagnetic transition for the scheelite form with a critical field of 1 T at 2 K has been also observed. The changes in the sign of the interactions have been also analyzed by considering the possible super-exchange mechanisms and the differences found in the Ho–O–Cr distances and bond angles in going from zircon to scheelite structural type.     

Ferromagnetism in colloidal Mn2+ -doped ZnO nanocrystals

High-temperature hydrolysis of Zn(II) and Mn(II) alkoxides in a high boiling point solvent in the presence of surfactants was used to prepare surfactant-coated Zn(1-x)Mn(x)O nanocrystals with average size of 5.5 nm and x = 0.04 +/- 0.03. The magnetic properties of the nanocrystals were measured both for isolated particles diluted in a hydrocarbon matrix and for a nanocrystal powder. Nanocrystals of manganese oxide and ZnO coated with manganese oxide were prepared for comparison to the Zn(1-x)Mn(x)O nanocrystals. We find that the manganese ions primarily substitute zinc ions in the hexagonal ZnO lattice, and part of them are ferromagnetically coupled up to room temperature even in isolated noninteracting nanocrystals. The rest of the ions are magnetically disordered or uncoupled. Surprisingly, these small Zn(1-x)Mn(x)O nanocrystals poses relatively large low-temperature magnetic coercivity and relatively high blocking temperature in the isolated form, which indicate large magnetic anisotropy. In the nanocrystal powder the coercive field decreased significantly. This study highlights the advantages of working with noninteracting single domain particles of these intriguing materials.