两类带选择激发脉冲激发轮廓的模拟比较

本文用Bloch方程模拟了BURP族脉冲^[1-3]和高斯串族脉冲^[4,5](Gaussianpulsecastales)的激发轮廓,系统地比较了这两类脉冲的选择性及其对射频场非均匀性的依赖性,给出了选择性最佳的脉冲。     

特形脉冲Euler角的数值计算

转动算符方法用三个Euler角来表征特形脉冲，它是描述特形脉冲自旋动力学的有效方法.本文利用四元数的概念，通过四元数元进行转动合成，从而给出一种计算特形脉冲Euler角的简捷方法     

单载波数字相干接收系统中基于导频的自适应色散补偿技术(英文)

提出一种用于单载波数字相干光通信系统的自适应色散补偿方法.在发射机端,利用强度光调制器在光信号两侧加入脉冲幅度调制导频光信号.搜索信号谱的峰值确定光信号两侧的PAM-PTs线状谱.在色散估计之前,通过其中一个PAM-PTs的频率漂移来估计激光器发射频偏,并将信号谱线沿着频率轴反向平移,补偿发射频偏,实现信号谱频域均衡.在接收机端,利用幅度脉冲调制导频信号脉冲时延估计色散大小,在色散补偿之前通过幅度脉冲调制导频信号频移补偿,并消除接收机本振频偏对频域色散补偿的影响.最终,幅度脉冲调制导频的光场信息被充分用来精确进行色散估计和色散补偿.数值仿真表明:每次色散估计的误差小于±65ps/nm,而且距离从200km到1 000km之间的平均色散估计误差小于±10ps/nm.该方法色散补偿精度高,计算量小.     

用于同时多层MRI的选择性射频脉冲的优化设计

近年来,为提高磁共振成像（MRI）信号信噪比（SNR）、缩短成像时间,同时多层成像技术受到了极大的关注.为了实现同时多层的选择性激发,现有的多层成像序列大多使用组合射频（RF）脉冲,该脉冲可包含多个独立的幅值相同相位不同的简单脉冲,由于其采用简单的线性叠加方法,该类脉冲射频功率随脉冲数量呈现平方增长,因而应用受限.针对这一问题,基于自旋动力学和优化控制原理,本文提出了一种针对同时多层MRI的选择性射频脉冲的数值优化方法,该方法充分运用射频脉冲的调控机制,获得优化脉冲,并配合层选梯度,可实现任意层厚、层间距、层数的同时高效选择性激发.最后,通过数字模体的同时多层模拟成像实验验证了优化脉冲的有效性.     

基于时间补偿的激光扫描投影图形偏差校正研究

为了解决自研的激光扫描投影系统在实际扫描投影零部件外形轮廓时会存在拖尾、缺失和非预期的圆角过渡等图形偏差,严重影响投影出零部件外形轮廓的形状准确度的问题.通过分析拖尾和缺失偏差、转角偏差产生的原因,研究了基于时间补偿的激光扫描投影图形偏差校正方法,得出了补偿时间与采样率间的关系,建立了时间补偿与投影图形转角角度间的数学模型.应用所研究方法在自主搭建的激光扫描投影系统中进行验证实验,并与国外FARO激光扫描投影系统的投影图形进行对比.实验结果表明:对优化投影路径后的5行5列棋盘格图形进行投影时,比较偏差补偿前后实际投影图形效果,补偿后的投影图形形状准确度优于0.5 mm.基于时间补偿的激光扫描投影偏差校正方法可以有效地补偿拖尾和缺失偏差、能够优化非预期的转角偏差,该方法应用于自主研发的激光扫描投影系统能够显著提高投影图形准确度,具有良好的实际应用价值.     

基于数字调制技术的核磁共振射频脉冲发生器

在核磁共振（NMR）领域,射频脉冲信号的质量、形状对NMR性能及应用有着重要影响.本文基于现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）和直接数字频率合成（DDS）芯片AD9910设计了一种硬件结构更为简单的NMR射频脉冲发生器,实现了射频脉冲各项参数的数字化调制.其频率、相位、振幅的控制精度分别达到了32位、16位和14位,脉冲调制的时间精度为0.01 μs,可灵活生成持续时间不小于0.1 μs、载波频率不高于400 MHz的各类软脉冲和硬脉冲.同时,针对脉冲序列的特点建立了"脉冲+延时"的基础模型,提出了一种通用性更强的列表式脉冲序列控制方案,精简了对上级控制单元的控制需求.此外,对射频脉冲信号的频谱特性进行了理论分析,并采用Hanning窗对软脉冲的包络波形进行了优化处理,仿真和实验结果表明,Hanning窗可以有效抑制软脉冲的频谱泄漏问题.     

脉冲形状对定域谱中水峰抑制作用的影响

报道了用MRI中STEAM方法获得定域谱(MRS)的实验结果,用相位正交、时间一长一短的二个特形脉冲对水峰进行预饱和照射,得到抑制水峰的MRS.这种方法抑制水峰的效果比用梯度散相压水峰的效果好。对于三种常见的特形脉冲,用GAUSS脉冲得到效果最好的实验结果。     

特形脉冲的设计与计算机模拟

根据LiouvillevonNeumann方程从理论上对特形脉冲做了全面的描述,提出了一种具体的调幅特形脉冲设计方案:首先将待设计的脉冲展成一个有限Fourier级数,然后根据Bloch方程的解析解准确计算出各阶正弦、余弦波的频谱,再将这些频谱组合后与该脉冲的理想频谱进行比较构成误差函数,最后运用鲍威尔-模拟退火组合优化算法计算出全局最优Fourier系数,即可得到所需脉冲的表达式.应用此设计方案,得到了体系处于热平衡态时的特形激励脉冲和反转脉冲的具体表达式.计算机模拟表明,所得脉冲的频谱具有较好的选择性 关键词： 核磁共振 特形脉冲 Bloch方程 鲍威尔模拟退火组合优化算法     

特形脉冲的欧拉角

本文提出了用量子力学的空间转动变换算符描述特形脉冲的方法。它把任意的特形脉冲用三个欧拉角来表示,并且使得在特形脉冲下的相干演化可以很容易地利用多极NMR理论,张量算符理论或者积算符理论来分析,作为例子,用数值方法计算了高斯脉冲的三个参数。     

X射线脉冲轮廓稳定性对导航精度的影响

X射线脉冲星具有广阔的导航应用前景,稳定的脉冲轮廓是自主导航的基础,然而在X射线脉冲轮廓的稳定性及其对导航精度的影响方面一直缺乏系统的研究.采用Pearson相关系数、标准偏差及功率谱熵三组指标量化脉冲轮廓的稳定性.利用罗西X射线计时探测器卫星X射线段(2—16 keV)11年的观测资料,统计了包括周期跃变在内的Crab脉冲轮廓稳定性.在此基础上,引入Cramer-Rao理论建立了脉冲轮廓稳定性对距离测量误差影响的数学模型,并通过分析各误差因素确定脉冲轮廓稳定性对距离测量误差的影响范围.实测数据处理表明,Crab脉冲星的X射线脉冲轮廓具有极高的稳定性,跃变期间脉冲轮廓无明显变化,脉冲轮廓的稳定性导致沿脉冲星方向上产生34 m±25 m的距离测量误差.     

Velocity sensitivity of slice-selective excitation

The purpose of this study was to investigate how flow affects slice-selective excitation, particularly for radiofrequency (rf) pulses optimized for slice-selective excitation of stationary material. Simulation methods were used to calculate the slice profiles for material flowing at different velocities, using optimal flow compensation when appropriate. Four rf pulses of very different shapes were used in the simulation study: a 90° linear-phase Shinnar-LeRoux pulse; a 90° self-refocusing pulse; a minimum-phase Shinnar-LeRoux inversion pulse; and a SPINCALC inversion pulse. Slice profiles from simulations with a laminar flow model were compared with experimental studies for two different rf pulses using a clinical magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) system. We found that, for a given rf pulse, the effect of flow on slice-selective excitation depends on the product of the selection gradient amplitude, the component of velocity in the slice selection direction, and the square of the rf pulse duration. The shapes of the slice profiles from the Shinnar-LeRoux pulses were relatively insensitive to velocity. However, the slice profiles from the self-refocusing pulse and the SPINCALC pulse were significantly degraded by velocity. Experimental slice profiles showed excellent agreement with simulation. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that slice-selective excitation can be significantly degraded by flow depending on the velocity, the gradient amplitude, and characteristics of the rf excitation pulse used. The results can aid in the design of rf pulses for slice-selective excitation of flowing material.     

Finite pulse width artifact suppression in spin-1 quadrupolar echo spectra by phase cycling

A phase cycling scheme for suppressing spectral artifacts introduced in quadrupolar echo spectroscopy of spin-1 nuclei due to finite pulse width effects is presented. The phase cycling scheme is developed using the formalism of average Hamiltonian theory and fictitious spin-1 operators. A simulation and experiment on deuterated polyethelene is performed highlighting the spectral artifact introduced by finite pulse widths and successful removal with the proposed phase cycling scheme.     

Optimization and Synthesis of Passive Pulse Compressors Based on Reflectionless Cavities

Compression of a phase-modulated pulse propagating in a dispersive media is analyzed using quasi-optical methods. In order to get an output pulse of the desirable shape, a method to synthesize input phase modulation and frequency dispersion of the media is suggested. This method is developed also for the problem of reconstruction of the modulation with unknown phase, which is produced by a high-power rf source, using intensity measurements only.     

A two-dimensional artifact from asynchronous decoupling

Many heteronuclear NMR experiments employ decoupling to collapse the heteronuclear multiplet, using decoupling schemes with a periodic phase modulation like WALTZ, MLEV, or GARP. Because of the periodic nature of these schemes, cycling sidebands are generated, whose intensity can be strongly reduced by decoupling asynchronously. We show that the most common implementation of asynchronous decoupling on modern spectrometers is such that the cycling sidebands are subjected to a periodic modulation. For multidimensional experiments, this results in ridges that can seriously compromise the quality of the spectrum. Based on our model, the artifact in a 2D [(1)H]-(15)N NOE equilibrium experiment is simulated and it is shown that the artifact can be prevented by using synchronous decoupling.     

Phase dependent interference effects on atomic excitation

We present an experimental and theoretical study of phase-dependent interference effects in multi-photon excitation under bichromatic radio-frequency (rf) field. Using an intense rf pulse, we study the interference between the three-photon and one-photon transition between the Zeeman sub-levels of the ground state of ⁸⁷Rb that allows us to determine the carrier-envelope phase of the fields even for long pulses.     

Investigations of low-amplitude radio frequency pulses at and away from rotary resonance conditions for I = 5/2 nuclei

Additional experimental evidence of rotary resonance effects for multiple-quantum coherence conversion in a spin-5/2 system is presented. Two-dimensional plots of the relative efficiency of MQ excitation and conversion are given as a function of radio frequency (rf) amplitude and pulse width. Data are presented for the excitation of five-quantum coherence (5QC), as well as for 5QC to three-quantum coherence (3QC) conversion, 5QC to IQC (the central transition coherence) conversion, and 3QC to IQC conversion. A two-fold increase in the signal-to-noise ratio is achieved by substituting low amplitude rf pulses in place of hard rf pulses for 5QC excitation and 5QC to 3QC conversion in a mixed multiple-quantum magic angle spinning (MAS) (MMQMAS) experiment. The anisotropic line shape for the low-amplitude rf pulse version of the MMQMAS experiment was observed to be distorted from the MAS line shape. The cause and implications of the distortion are discussed.     

基于旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控

我们实验上发展了基于飞秒激光旋转相干光谱的整形飞秒激光转动动力学调控方法,通过脉冲整形技术调控激发脉冲的光谱相位,从而实现对飞秒激光作用下转动态相干激发过程中复原信号及转动布居数的调控. 研究了飞秒激光旋转相干光谱对激光频谱相位的响应机制,突出了飞秒激光频谱相位在气相分子转动态相干激发中的重要作用. 为飞秒激光作用下生物大分子和团簇鉴别及结构探测研究提供了新的参考.     

组合脉冲宽带激发2H-平均哈密顿理论计算研究

四级核回波实验通常需要射频脉冲能够激发谱宽超过100 kHz 的信号．在最近的研究中,作者发现组合脉冲COM-II (9018090135 45) 能够在氘核的四级核回波实验中实现宽带激发．此外,作者还结合了八步相位循环的方法,有效消除了由有限脉宽效应造成的谱图扭曲现象．利用了平均哈密顿原理,对该方法进行了理论计算研究．作者采用了自旋为1 的矩阵算符,通过计算解释了八步相位循环能够消除谱图扭曲的原因．     

Laser pulse spectral shaping based on electro-optic modulation

A new spectrum shaping method, based on electro-optic modulation, to alleviate gain narrowing in chirped pulse amplification （CPA） system, is described and numerically simulated. Near-Fourier transform-limited seed laser pulse is chirped linearly through optical stretcher. Then the chirped laser pulse is coupled into integrated waveguide electro-optic modulator driven by an aperture-coupled-stripline （ACSL） electricalwaveform generator, and the pulse shape and amplitude are shaped in time domain. Because of the direct relationship between frequency interval and time interval of the linearly chirped pulse, the laser pulse spectrum is shaped correspondingly. Spectrum-shaping examples are modeled numerically to determine the spectral resolution of this technique. The phase error introduced in this method is also discussed.