Join operations in vector spaces

LetX be a vector space over a totally ordered fieldF and a subset ofF. Necessary and sufficient conditions are obtained on for a join defined bya·b={a+(1–)b|} to make (X,·) (i) a convexity space (ii) a join system and (iii) a join space. For (X,·) to be a convexity space is necessarily the set of elements between 0 and 1 for some ordered subfield ofF. In this setting join systems and join spaces are essentially the same but they remain quite distinct from convexity spaces.     

A family of noetherian rings with their finite length modules under control

We investigate the category mod of finite length modules over the ring =A _k , where is a V-ring, i.e. a ring for which every simple module is injective, k a subfield of its centre and A an elementary k-algebra. Each simple module E _j gives rise to a quasiprogenerator P _j = A E _j . By a result of K. Fuller, P _j induces a category equivalence from which we deduce that mod _j mod EndP _j . As a consequence we can(1) construct for each elementary k-algebra A over a finite field k a nonartinian noetherian ring such that modA mod(2) find twisted versions of algebras of wild representation type such that itself is of finite or tame representation type (in mod)(3) describe for certain rings the minimal almost split morphisms in mod and observe that almost all of these maps are not almost split in Mod.     

On the representation type of one point extensions of tame concealed algebras

Letk be an algebraically closed field and a finite dimensionalk-algebra. Letq be the quadratic Tits form associated with . If is tame we show thatq is weakly semipositive. Let be a one-point extension of a tame concealed algebra, then is tame iffq is weakly semipositive.     

Generalized Cofibration Categories and Global Actions

We develop an axiomatic homotopy theory for categories with a family of natural cylinders indexed by a set with relations, generalizing Baues I-categories. The main examples of -cofibration categories are the categories of global actions and simplicial complexes.     

Harmonic analysis on tori

We consider measurable subsets {ofR}ⁿ with 0<m()<, and we assume that has a spectral set . (In the special case when is also assumed open, may be obtained as the joint spectrum of a family of commuting self-adjoint operators {H _k: 1kn} in L ² () such that each H _k is an extension of i(/x _k) on C _c (), k=1, ..., n.)It is known that is a fundamental domain for a lattice if is itself a lattice. In this paper, we consider a class of examples where is not assumed to be a lattice. Instead is assumed to have a certain inhomogeneous form, and we prove a necessary and sufficient condition for to be a fundamental domain for some lattice in {ofR}ⁿ. We are thus able to decide the question, fundamental domain or not, by considering only properties of the spectrum . Our criterion is obtained as a corollary to a theorem concerning partitions of sets which have a spectrum of inhomogeneous form.Work supported in part by the NSF.Work supported in part by the NSRC, Denmark.     

The Krull-Gabriel dimension of the representation theory of a tame hereditary Artin algebra and applications to the structure of exact sequences

For an Artin Algebra of finite representation type, the category -mod, considered as a ring with several objects, has Krull dimension zero. Contrary, for a wild hereditary Artin Algebra this dimension does not exist. In this paper we show that the Krull dimension of -mod for an Artin Algebra of tame representation type is two. The corresponding Krull-Gabriel filtration by Serre subcategories of the category F of finitely presented contravariant functors on -mod leads to a hierarchy of exact sequences in -mod. Influenced by the functorial approach to almost split sequences by M. Auslander and I. Reiten, we investigate the exact sequences whose corresponding functors become simple in one of the successive quotient categories of the Krull-Gabriel filtration of F.     

Une variante à la Coxeter du groupe de Steinberg

LetG _n ()be the semi-direct product of the symmetric groupS _n by the Steinberg groupSt _n ()of a ringWe first prove thatG _n ()has a Coxeter-type presentation. The canonical morphism St _n () GL _n ()extends to a group homo G_n() GL _n ()We next determine the kernel of for n = We also give an expression for the generator of the algebraic K group K ₂(Z)of the integers in terms of permutation matrices.     

Nef cotangent bundles over line arrangements

In [1] Hirzebruch introduced and studied the compact complex surfaces (,n). In [2], Sommese characterized those. (,n) with ample cotangent bundles. In this addendum, the (,n) with nef cotangent bundles are characterized.Partially supported by NSF grant DMS 8405207     

A Homological Bridge Between Finite and Infinite-Dimensional Representations of Algebras

Given a finite-dimensional algebra , we show that a frequently satisfied finiteness condition for the category -mod) of all finitely generated (left) -modules of finite projective dimension,namely contravariant finiteness of (-mod) in -mod, forces arbitrary modules of finite projective dimension to be direct limits of objects in (-mod). Among numerous applications, this yields an encompassing sufficient condition for the validity of the first finitistic dimensionconjecture, that is, for the little finitistic dimension of to coincide with the big (this is well known to fail overfinite-dimensional algebras in general).     

Dimension Theory and Nonstable K1 of Quadratic Modules

Employing Bak's dimension theory, we investigate the nonstable quadratic K-group K _1,2n (A, ) = G _2n (A, )/E _2n (A, ), n 3, where G _2n (A, ) denotes the general quadratic group of rank n over a form ring (A, ) and E _2n (A, ) its elementary subgroup. Considering form rings as a category with dimension in the sense of Bak, we obtain a dimension filtration G _2n (A, ) G _2n ⁰(A, ) ; G _2n ¹(A, ) ... E _2n (A, ) of the general quadratic group G _2n (A, ) such that G _2n (A, )/G _2n ⁰(A, ) is Abelian, G _2n ⁰(A, ) G _2n ¹(A, ) ... is a descending central series, and G _2n ^d(A)(A, ) = E _2n (A, ) whenever d(A) = (Bass–Serre dimension of A) is finite. In particular K _1,2n (A, ) is solvable when d(A) < .     

Folgenräume als universelle Generatoren für Klassen lokalkonvexer Räume

Motivated by the known characterizations of equicontinuity in the dual of a Schwartz space, a nuclear space, or a strongly nuclear space,we introduce the concepts of a -sequence and of a ()-sequence in the dual of an arbitrary lcs [E,], and we investigate the corresponding topologies and ₍₎ on E of uniform convergence on these sequences. Here is a normal sequence space such that . Under favorable enough conditions on , including the nuclearity of its normal topology , [,] acts as a universal generator for those lcs [E,] which satisfy =. Under somewhat weaker assumptions on , [,₍₎] is a universal generator for the lcs [E,] with =₍₎. These results cover e.g. the cases of -nuclear spaces and of nuclear spaces known from the recent literature. As an application we show that every non-trivial ultrabornological lcs is representable as an inductive limit of isomorphic copies of [, ( , )], where is any nuclear power series space of infinite type with stable exponent sequence.     

Invariance principles for random walks on hypergroups on ℝ2 and ℕ

Let (X _n:n) be i.i.d. with finite variance and values in a hypergroupK:=₊ or and _j=1 ⁿ X _j be the randomized sum of these random variables. It is shown that the processes converge in distribution to a Gaussian process in the caseK=₊, that the processes converge towards a Bessel process on ₊ in the case of polynomial growth of the hypergroupK=₊ or , and that in the case of exponential growth converges towards a Brownian motion asn.     

Das System Totalpolarer und eine Kennzeichnung des Winkels von Hyperebenen in Cayley/Klein-Räumen

In this paper at first we introduce thesystem of total polar subspaces of an arbitrary k-diniensional plane with respect to the absolute (configuration) of an arbitrary n- dimensional CAYLEY/KLEIN space as a generalization of the total polar set of a regular k-plane of . Using the system of total polar sets of the intersection (n–2)-plane of two hyperplanes and we give the followingnew characterization of the angle of . and : for any straight line g with and g=Ø the angle of and is equal to the distance of the two intersection points of g with and .

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Herrn Prof. Dr.Oswald Giering zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet     

Two-magnon states in a one-dimensional non-Heisenberg ferromagnet of spins = 1 with interactions up to third neighbors

We consider a two-magnon system in a one-dimensional non-Heisenberg ferromagnet of spin s = 1 with interactions of nearest, second, and third neighbors. We prove that for = and J = J₁, the system has a unique two-magnon bound state (TMBS), while for = and J = 2J₁, the system has three bound states. If = and J J₁, J 2J₁, the system has at most five TMBS. The energies of these bound states are evaluated.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 107, No. 2, pp. 262–268, May, 1996.Translated by A. M. Semikhatov.     

Some Properties of Finite Morphisms on Double Points

For a finite morphism f : X Y of smooth varieties such that f maps X birationally onto X=f(X), the local equations of f are obtained at the double points which are not triple. If C is the conductor of X over X, and are the subschemes defined by C, then D and are shown to be complete intersections at these points, provided that C has the expected codimension. This leads one to determine the depth of local rings of X at these double points. On the other hand, when C is reduced in X, it is proved that X is weakly normal at these points, and some global results are given. For the case of affine spaces, the local equations of X at these points are computed.     

k-regular factors and semi-k-regular factors in bipartite graphs

LetG be a graph, andk1 an integer. LetU be a subset ofV(G), and letF be a spanning subgraph ofG such that deg _F (x)=k for allx V(G)–U. If deg _F (x)k for allxU, thenF is called an upper semi-k-regular factor with defect setU, and if deg _F (x)k for allxU, thenF is called a lower semi-k-regular factor with defect setU. Now letG=(X, Y;E(G)) be a bipartite graph with bipartition (X,Y) such that X=Yk+2. We prove the following two results.(1) Suppose that for each subsetU ₁X such that U ₁=max{k+1, X+1/2},G has an upper semi-k-regular factor with defect setU ₁Y, and for each subsetU ₂Y such that U ₂=max{k+1, X+1/2},G has an upper semi-k-regular factor with defect setXU ₂. ThenG has ak-factor.(2) Suppose that for each subsetU ₁X such that U ₁=X–1/k+1,G has a lower semi-k-regular factor with defect setU ₁Y, and for each subsetU ₂Y such that U ₂=X–1/k+1,G has a lower semi-k-regular factor with defect setXU ₂. ThenG has ak-factor.     

Combinatorics of Maximal Minors

We continue the study of the Newton polytope _m,n of the product of all maximal minors of an m × n-matrix of indeterminates. The vertices of _m,n are encoded by coherent matching fields = (), where runs over all m-element subsets of columns, and each is a bijection [m]. We show that coherent matching fields satisfy some axioms analogous to the basis exchange axiom in the matroid theory. Their analysis implies that maximal minors form a universal Gröbner basis for the ideal generated by them in the polynomial ring. We study also another way of encoding vertices of _m,n for m n by means of generalized permutations, which are bijections between (n – m + 1)–element subsets of columns and (n – m + 1)–element submultisets of rows.     

Die Nuklearität der Ultradistributionsräume und der Satz vom Kern II

Continuing the research of part I conditions equivalent to ()- or ()-nuclearity of spaces of ultradifferential functions and their duals as well as some applications are given. To get these results it is shown that tensor products of smooth sequence spaces, power series spaces, and spaces S(M_q) introduced in part I are isomorphic to suitable sequence spaces of the same class, which are stable provided the factors are stable power series spaces. Hence it is possible to establish isomorphisms between different functions spaces, to calculate the nuclearity types of tensor products by the nuclearity types of the factors, and to prove that the class of ()- or ()-nuclear spaces is closed under forming tensor products iff is multiplicatively stable.     

Subnormalizer of net subgroups in the general linear group over a ring

Let be a commutative ring in which the elements of the form ²–1, * generate the unit ideal and assume that a is any D-net of ideals of of order n. It is shown that the normalizerN() of the net subgroup G() (RZhMat, 1977, 2A280) coincides with its subnormalizer in GL(n, ). For noncommutative the corresponding result is obtained under the assumptions: 1) in the elements of the form — 1, where runs through all invertible elements of the center of , generate the unit ideal, and 2) the subgroup G() contains the group of block diagonal matrices with blocks of order 2.Translated from Zapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov Leningradskogo Otdeleniya Matematicheskogo Instituta im. V. A. Steklova AN SSSR, Vol. 116, pp. 14–19, 1982.     

Lattices on Nonuniform Trees

Let X be a locally finite tree, and let G=Aut(X). Then G is a locally compact group. We show that if X has more than one end, and if G contains a discrete subgroup such that the quotient graph of groups \\X is infinite but has finite covolume, then G contains a nonuniform lattice, that is, a discrete subgroup such that \G is not compact, yet has a finite G-invariant measure.