制备方法对Pd-CeO2／Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫性能的影响

采用浸渍法(IM)和沉积沉淀法(DP)制备了CeO2改性的Pd/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,在连续流动反应条件下考察了催化剂的活性和抗硫性能,并运用XRD、H2吸附、NH3-TPD、FT-IR、XPS等手段对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,与Pd/Al2O3催化剂相比,浸渍法制备的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂具有较高的活性,而沉积沉淀法制备的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂活性却降低.在Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂中Cl-1与Pd、Ce3 发生作用形成Pd-Cl-1-Ce3 界面结构,这是催化剂活性提高的原因,同时Cl-1也削弱了Pd-Ce的结合作用,Pd-CeO2/Al2O3(IM)催化剂抗硫能力的提高是由于Ce3 对H2S的竞争吸附削弱了Pd-S键.而Pd-CeO2/Al2O3(DP)催化剂则是由于Pd-Ce的结合作用使Pd处于正电状态,避免了Pd-S的生成.     

Pd-CeO2/Al2O3结构对其催化加氢脱硫反应性能的影响

分步浸渍法制备了不同Pd含量的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂,以噻吩加氢脱硫为探针反应,考察了Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的加氢脱硫性能,并应用XRD、H2-TPR、NH3-TPD、H2吸附和CO吸附等手段对催化剂结构进行了表征.结果表明,Pd在制备过程巾优先沉积在CeO2表面,Pd-Ce结合作用导致了界面效应和新的酸性位产生,Pd-Ce之间的界面效应是Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂加氢脱硫活性提高的原因.2%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂拥有最高的单位质量Pd上的界面酸量,改性效果最为明显.Pd颗粒的优势面是Pd(111)面,这导致了强的Pd-Ce结合作用和界面效应,而1%和4%Pd的Pd-CeO2/Al2O3催化剂由于Pd-ce结合的空间结构使界面效应削弱,活性提高不明显.     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2 TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明, n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni Ce Pd/γ Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

焙烧温度对CeO2改性Pd/Al2O3甲醇分解催化剂性能的影响

考察了焙烧温度对Pd/Al2O3和CeO2改性Pd/Al2O3甲醇分解催化剂反应性能的影响.在300℃～700℃范围内焙烧,Pd/Al2O3和Pd/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的活性都呈现出先升高后降低的趋势.XRD结果表明高温焙烧时活性组分Pd在γ-Al2O3载体表面发生聚集是Pd/Al2O3催化剂活性降低的原因,而XPS结果却表明,Pd在CeO2改性γ-Al2O3载体表面的浓度与Pd/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂的活性变化并非呈现一致关系,TPR表明活性组分Pd和助剂CeO2在γ-Al2O3上产生了一定的相互作用.从而认为Pd的分散度以及Pd和CeO2之间的相互作用共同决定催化剂的甲醇分解性能.     

硫化CoMo/Al2O3催化剂上H2同时催化还原SO2和NO(Ⅱ)——催化反应活性相及机理探讨

主要通过XPS表征、热力学计算以及一系列设计的评价实验等方法,对硫化CoMo/Al2O3催化剂上H2同时催化还原SO2和NO反应的活性相、吸附活性位以及反应机理进行了研究.结果表明,金属硫化物相是SO,和NO转化的主要活性相,并与载体Al2O3共同承担H2S转化为单质硫的作用.此外,反应过程中产生的品格空位也对NO转化起着重要作用.催化剂表面的阴离子空位是SO2和NO共同的吸附活性位,SO2对NO的吸附有抑制作用,而催化剂表面的L碱佗也是SO2的吸附活性位,NO可促进SO2的氧化吸附.最后,本文从反应分子的吸附与活化、NO的转化及品格硫的流失、SO2还原到H2S、H2S的转化、晶格硫的补充等5个方面提出了反应机理.     

Pd/γ-Al2O3三效催化剂中CeO2助剂的作用

 研究了以浸渍法制备的以氧化铈为助剂的Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂,对丙烯和一氧化碳氧化及一氧化氮还原反应的三效催化活性．主要考察了钯及CeO2助剂含量对催化剂三效转化活性的影响,并对部分催化剂进行了X射线光电子能谱（XPS）及氧饱和吸附后NO吸附的程序升温脱附－质谱（TPD－MS）表征．结果表明,在Pd含量（不大于1．0％）较低时,增加Pd含量可明显提高催化剂的活性．适量的CeO2能使Pd催化剂具有较好的热稳定性及富氧条件下的转化活性,过量的CeO2会降低催化剂的热稳定性．CeO2助剂使Pd／CeO2－Al2O3催化剂中的Pd2＋较易被还原为Pd0,并促进Pd上NO的解离吸附．     

纳米金催化剂的抗水性能和抗硫中毒性能

与Au/Al2O3相比,复合载体负载的Au/FeOx/Al2O3具有更高的催化CO氧化的低温活性和稳定性,且表现出湿度增强效果,水分压为550~1 600 Pa时催化剂活性较高.在完全无水的环境中,催化剂发生快速不可逆失活;在饱和水汽的环境中,催化剂发生缓慢可逆失活.在水汽作用下的失活与纳米金粒子的粒径长大有关.助剂对催化剂抗水性能影响不大,但对抗硫中毒性能的影响较大.Au/CeO2/Al2O3催化剂显示有最佳的抗硫中毒性能.催化剂表面硫化物和硫酸盐的生成是导致催化剂不可逆硫中毒失活的主要原因.     

金属-载体相互作用对CH4/CO2重整反应中Rh基催化剂抗积炭性能的影响

考察了Rh/Al2O3,Rh/SiO2和Rh/CeO2催化剂上金属-载体间相互作用对CH4/CO2重整反应抗积炭性能的影响,并与反应前后催化剂的程序升温还原和程序升温氧化(TPO)测试结果相关联.实验发现,Rh与Al2O3和SiO2载体间的相互作用越强,催化剂还原后Rh的分散度越高,晶粒越小,高分散的Rh表面生成的碳物种CHx越多,其作为活泼的反应中间体越易与CO2反应生成CO和H2.而游离态的Rh还原后晶粒较大,生成的碳物种与CO2反应能力较低,从而导致催化剂失活.TPO和CO2脉冲实验结果表明,反应过程中Rh/CeO2催化剂上反应生成的CHx物种比Rh/Al2O3和Rh/SiO2上的CHx物种更活泼.同时由于Rh-CeO2间独特的相互作用,部分CeO2还原后生成CeO2-x和氧空位,促进CO2分子的活化解离,导致生成的表面氧容易与CHx反应,从而抑制催化剂积炭.     

硫化CoMo催化剂上H2同时还原NO和SO2的研究I．H2还原NO反应

研究了Al2O3担载的硫化CoMo催化剂上NO被H2还原的规律，并考察了不同Mo含量的CoMo/Al2O3催化剂、单一的Mo／Al2O3和Co/Al2O3催化剂，以及原料气中H2／NO比对反应活性和选择性的影响。结果表明，硫化的5．1％C-15．2％Mo/Al2O3催化剂具有最高的催化活性和选择性，在200℃以下时反应产物为N2O，在350℃以上时则完全转化为N2．进一步增加Mo含量引起在350－450℃间N2选择性轻微下降，提高原料气中的H2含量可明显提高反应活性和N2选择性，但当n（H2）／n（NO）＞3后反应性能不再变化。催化剂具有较高的稳定性，反应产物中始终未观察到有H2S或SO2产生，即反应未引起催化剂中的晶格S流失。这说明H2的存在抑制了NO对硫化物表面的氧化所导致的催化剂失活。     

CeO2和Pd在Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂中的助剂作用

采用脉冲微反技术研究了添加n型半导体氧化物CeO2及贵金属Pd对Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭反应性能的影响,并运用BET、TPR、CO2-TPSR及氢吸附等技术对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,n型半导体氧化物CeO2的添加可以降低Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4裂解积炭活性,提高CO2消炭活性,添加少量贵金属Pd可以进一步改变载体Al2O3、助剂CeO2和活性组分Ni之间的相互作用,从而改善Ni/γ-Al2O3催化剂的抗积炭性能.通过Ni-Ce-Pd/γ-Al2O3催化剂上CH4积炭/CO2消炭模型对上述作用机制作出了新的解释.     

Sc2MgGa2 and Y2MgGa2

Scandium magnesium gallide, Sc₂MgGa₂, and yttrium magnesium gallide, Y₂MgGa₂, were synthesized from the corresponding elements by heating under an argon atmosphere in an induction furnace. These intermetallic compounds crystallize in the tetragonal Mo₂FeB₂‐type structure. All three crystallographically unique atoms occupy special positions and the site symmetries of (Sc/Y, Ga) and Mg are m2m and 4/m, respectively. The coordinations around Sc/Y, Mg and Ga are pentagonal (Sc/Y), tetragonal (Mg) and triangular (Ga) prisms, with four (Mg) or three (Ga) additional capping atoms leading to the coordination numbers [10], [8+4] and [6+3], respectively. The crystal structure of Sc₂MgGa₂ was determined from single‐crystal diffraction intensities and the isostructural Y₂MgGa₂ was identified from powder diffraction data.     

Electrochemical study of (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2 and (NEt4)2Cl2FeS2MoS2FeCl2

Summary The ability of [MoS₄]^2–, anions to be used as ligands for transition metal ions has been widely demonstrated, especially with Fe²⁺. The present study has been restricted to linear complexes such as (NEt₄)₂ [Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂] and (NEt₄)₂[Cl₂FeS₂MoS₂FeCl₂]. Their electrochemical properties are described: upon electrochemical reduction, these compounds yield MoS₂, as a black precipitate, and an iron complex in solution, assumed to be [SFeCl₂]^2–. The electrochemical reduction goes through two electron transfers, coupled with the breakdown of the molecular skeleton: a DISPl and an ECE mechanism. Depending on the solvent, the following equilibrium may be observed: [Cl₄Fe₂MoS₄]^2–[Cl₂FeMoS₄]^2–+FeCl₂. The equilibrium constant, K_D, was evaluated by differential pulse polarography. K_D is tightly related to the donor number of the solvent.     

Zur Kenntnis der Dialkalimetalldichalkogenide β-Na2S2, K2S2, α-Rb2S2, β-Rb2S2, K2Se2, Rb2Se2, α-K2Te2, β-K2Te2 und Rb2Te2

On Dialkali Metal Dichalcogenides β-Na₂S₂, K₂S₂, α-Rb₂S₂, β-Rb₂S₂, K₂Se₂, Rb₂Se₂, α-K₂Te₂, β-K₂Te₂ and Rb₂Te₂ The first presentation of pure samples of α- and β-Rb₂S₂, α- and β-K₂Te₂, and Rb₂Te₂ is described. Using single crystals of K₂S₂ and K₂Se₂, received by ammonothermal synthesis, the structure of the Na₂O₂ type and by using single crystals of β-Na₂S₂ and β-K₂Te₂ the Li₂O₂ type structure will be refined. By combined investigations with temperature-dependent Guinier-, neutron diffraction-, thermal analysis, and Raman-spectroscopy the nature of the monotropic phase transition from the Na₂O₂ type to the Li₂O₂ type will be explained by means of the examples α-/β-Na₂S₂ and α-/β-K₂Te₂. A further case of dimorphic condition as well as the monotropic phase transition of α- and β-Rb₂S₂ is presented. The existing areas of the structure fields of the dialkali metal dichalcogenides are limited by the model of the polar covalence.     

The alkali hypophosphites KH2PO2, RbH2PO2 and CsH2PO2

The structures of the hypophosphites KH₂PO₂ (potassium hypophosphite), RbH₂PO₂ (rubidium hypophosphite) and CsH₂PO₂ (caesium hypophosphite) have been determined by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. The structures consist of layers of alkali cations and hypophosphite anions, with the latter bridging four cations within the same layer. The Rb and Cs hypophosphites are isomorphous.     

Formal [(2+2)+2] and [(2+2)+(2+2)] nonconjugated dienediyne cascade cycloadditions

[reaction: see text] Fluoranthene 2 and heptacycle 3 are easily accessible from the reaction of diyne 1 and norbornadiene (NBD) in the presence of the rhodium catalyst. The unusual [(2+2)+(2+2)] adduct 3 was confirmed by the X-ray crystal structure analysis.     

Crystal Structures of [Bu2Sn(O2PPh2)2], [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2], and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2. Raman Spectra of [Ph2Sn(O2PPh2)2] and [PhClSn(O2PPh2)OMe]2

[(n‐Bu)₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 1 ), and [Ph₂Sn(O₂PPh₂)₂] ( 2 ) have been synthesized by the reactions of R₂SnCl₂ (R=n‐Bu, Ph) with HO₂PPh₂ in Methanol. From the reaction of Ph₂SnCl₂ with diphenylphosphinic acid a third product [PhClSn(O₂PPh₂)OMe]₂ ( 3 ) could be isolated. X‐ray diffraction studies show 1 to crystallize in the monoclinic space group P2₁/c with a = 1303.7(1) pm, b = 2286.9(2) pm, c = 1063.1(1) pm, β = 94.383(6)°, and Z = 4. 2 crystallizes triclinic in the space group , the cell parameters being a = 1293.2(2) pm, b = 1478.5(4) pm, c = 1507.2(3) pm, α = 98.86(3)°, β = 109.63(2)°, γ = 114.88(2)°, and Z = 2. Both compounds form arrays of eight‐membered rings (SnOPO)₂ linked at the tin atoms to form chains of infinite length. The dimer 3 consists of a like ring, in which the tin atoms are bridged by methoxo groups. It crystallizes triclinic in space group with a = 946.4(1) pm, b = 963.7(1) pm, c = 1174.2(1) pm, α = 82.495(6)°, β = 66.451(6)°, γ = 74.922(6)°, and Z = 1 for the dimer. The Raman spectra of 2 and 3 are given and discussed.     

Die Photoionenspektren von SCl2, S2Cl2 und S2Br2

Photoionization Mass Spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ Photoionization mass spectra of SCl₂, S₂Cl₂, and S₂Br₂ have been measured. Heats of formation, bond energies, and ionization potentials of fragments have been calculated from appearance potentials.