Ferromagnetic transition in one-dimensional itinerant electron systems

We use bosonization to derive the effective field theory that properly describes ferromagnetic transition in one-dimensional itinerant electron systems. The resultant theory is shown to have dynamical exponent z = 2 at tree level and upper critical dimension dc = 2. Thus one dimension is below the upper critical dimension of the theory, and the critical behavior of the transition is controlled by an interacting fixed point, which we study via epsilon expansion. Comparisons will be made with the Hertz-Millis theory, which describes the ferromagnetic transition in higher dimensions.     

Geometric phases in dissipative systems

It is shown that a phenomenon analogous to the geometric phase shifts of Berry and Hannay occurs for dissipative oscillatory systems and can be detected in numerical simulations of chemical oscillators. The approach herein to the theory of geometric phases begins with a study of simple first-order differential equations on the circle (circle dynamics). It is shown how more complicated systems exhibit geometric phases through reduction to a circle dynamics. In this way, the various manifestations of the phenomenon are seen from a single unified perspective. The results are illustrated in numerical experiments on several model systems ranging from analytically solvable, but contrived, to realistic models of chemical oscillators.     

Ferromagnetic,spin-glass and paramagnetic phases in diluted heisenberg ferromagnet with fluctuating exchange bonds

We construct a simple CPA for studying ferromagnets which simultaneously possess site and (isotropic) exchange bond disorders. We use the theory to study spin-wave stiffness in diluted ferromagnet with exchange amorphousness and analyze the structure of the interfaces between ferromagnetic, spin-glass and paramagnetic phases of such a system.     

Ferromagnetic resonance in systems with competing uniaxial and cubic anisotropies

We develop a model for ferromagnetic resonance in systems with competing uniaxial and cubic anisotropies. This model applies to (i) magnetic materials with both uniaxial and cubic anisotropies, and (ii) magnetic nanoparticles with effective core and surface anisotropies; We numerically compute the resonance frequency as a function of the field and the resonance field as a function of the direction of the applied field for an arbitrary ratio of cubic-to-uniaxial anisotropy. We also provide some approximate analytical expressions in the case of weak cubic anisotropy. We propose a method that uses these expressions for estimating the uniaxial and cubic anisotropy constants, and for determining the relative orientation of the cubic anisotropy axes with respect to the crystal principle axes. This method is applicable to the analysis of experimental data of resonance type measurements for which we give a worked example of an iron thin film with mixed anisotropy.     

Geometric phases and criticality in spin-chain systems

A relation between geometric phases and criticality of spin chains is established. As a result, we show how geometric phases can be exploited as a tool to detect regions of criticality without having to undergo a quantum phase transition. We analytically evaluate the geometric phase that corresponds to the ground and excited states of the anisotropic XY model in the presence of a transverse magnetic field when the direction of the anisotropy is adiabatically rotated. It is demonstrated that the resulting phase is resilient against the main sources of errors. A physical realization with ultracold atoms in optical lattices is presented.     

Solubility of solid phases in eutectic systems

A problem which takes into account the temperature dependence of interfacial energy is solved in order to describe quasi-equilibrium lines of solid-phase solubility in eutectic systems. The chosen reference point is the point of the eutectic horizontal corresponding to the limiting solubility of the second component in the solid solution. An expression is obtained which makes it possible to equate empirical values of solubility and to almost exactly represent its temperature path for the eutectic systems examined.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 10, pp. 40–45, October, 1986.     

Flows in two-dimensional non-autonomous phases in polycrystalline systems

Summary The processes of transformation and mass transport in two-dimensional non-autonomous phases are considered. it is shown that an eddy structure appears in the creeping flow of liquid two-dimensional non-autonomous phase. This type of flow causes the chemical separation inside eddies in the non-autonomous phase. A comparison with the experimental results is made.     

The amazing phases of small systems

Small systems, notably clusters of tens or hundreds of atoms or molecules, exhibit forms almost precisely analogous to the phases of bulk systems. However their small sizes make these systems behave in ways quite different from their bulk counterparts. These differences can be elucidated and related to the behavior of bulk systems. Understanding these relationships gives us new insights into the traditional, classical bulk phase transitions, and shows us some unique properties of phases and phase equilibrium of nanoscale systems. To cite this article: R.S. Berry, C. R. Physique 3 (2002) 319–326.     

Base-controlled mechanical systems and geometric phases

In this paper, we carry a detailed study of mechanical systems with configuration space Q?Q/G$Q?Q/G$ for which the base Q/G$Q/G$ variables are being controlled. The overall system’s motion is considered to be induced from the base one due to the presence of general non-holonomic constraints. It is shown that the solution can be factorized into dynamical and geometrical parts. Moreover, under favorable kinematical circumstances, the dynamical part admits a further factorization since it can be reconstructed from an intermediate (body) momentum solution, yielding a reconstruction phase formula. Finally, we apply this results to the study of concrete mechanical systems.     

Zero-temperature phases of many-atom Bose systems

We show that a many-atom Bose system at zero temperature has, in general, a liquid phase in addition to its well-known gaseous phase. A universal phase diagram is presented that is applicable to all Bose systems with a -C6/r6 type of interaction at large interparticle separations. We show that the predicted phase structure has implications on the stability of a gaseous Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) even at dilute densities that are routinely achieved under existing experimental conditions. We also predict that should have a gaseous BEC phase below a critical density of 5.58 x 10(15) 1/cm3.     

Aggregation and intermediate phases in dilute spin systems

We study a variety of dilute annealed lattice spin systems. For site diluted problems with many internal spin states, we uncover a new phase characterized by the occupation and vacancy of staggered sublattices. In cases where the uniform system has a low temperature phase, the staggered states represent an intermediate phase. Furthermore, in many of these cases, we show that (at least part of) the phase boundary separating the low-temperature and staggered phases is a line of phase coexistence-i.e. the transition is first order. We also study the phenomenon of aggregation (phase separation) in bond diluted models. Such transitions are known, trivially, to occur in the large-q Potts models. However, it turns out that phase separation is typical in bond diluted spin systems with many internal states. (In particular, a bond aggregation transition is not tied to a discontinuous transition in the uniform system.) Along the portions of the phase boundary where any of these phenomena occur, the prospects for a Fisher renormalization effect are deemed to be highly unlikely or are ruled out altogether.Partly supported by the NSF grant DMS-93-02023 (L.C.), the grants GAR 202/93/0449 and GAUK 376 (R.K.), and the NSF grant DMS-92-08029 and the Russian Fund of Fundamental Investigations grant 93-01-01470 (S.B.S.).     

Superconductivities of high-pressure phases in the metal-hydrogen systems

Abstract

The superconducting properties of the d-metal hydrides rank among the most interesting and less studied of their characteristics. Correct and complete data have only been obtained for one superconducting hydride, the palladium hydride'. The long studies on phases forming in the d-metal-hydrogen system in the well- mastered pressure range up to tens of atmospheres have not exhibited any new superconductors, and the scope of systems which could be of interest from this viewpoint has been mainly exhausted'.     

Random-walk theory and ordered phases in lattice-gas systems

The random-walk formalism that describes correlation functions in a homogenous system is here extended to cover correlations in ordered phases of a lattice gas. The general method is illustrated by application to certain lattice gases on linear, square and honeycomb lattices, treated under the Percus-Yevick approximation.     

凝聚态材料中的拓扑相与拓扑相变——2016年诺贝尔物理学奖解读

凝聚态物理中拓扑相变和拓扑物态的发现,获得了2016年度诺贝尔物理学奖。文章系统介绍了凝聚态物理中拓扑性的起源,并简要介绍了目前凝聚态物理中发现的主要几类拓扑态：拓扑绝缘体、量子反常霍尔效应、拓扑晶体绝缘体和拓扑半金属。     

Many phases in systems without periodic ground states

The low temperature behavior of systems without periodic ground states is investigated. It is shown by using Peierls' argument that in some models the translational symmetry is broken. In particular, an infinite range model with infinitely many Gibbs states is constructed.