Sm_2Co_(17)型永磁合金的辐照效应研究

Sm_2Co_(17)型永磁合金大量使用在上海同步辐射光源储存环的永磁型波荡器上,在受到长期辐照后会发生磁性能损失的现象,进而影响同步辐射光的品质.为了探索其潜在的微观机理,本文首先对Sm_2Co_(17)型永磁合金所处混合辐射场的粒子及相关物理量进行了计算分析,确定引发磁性能损失的主要粒子是中子.然后采用Ar离子模拟中子辐照损伤的方法对其进行辐照,采用透射电镜对其辐照前后的微观形貌及微观结构进行了研究探讨,采用振动样品磁强计对永磁合金辐照前后的饱和磁化强度进行了分析对比,并讨论了微观结构演化与宏观磁性能变化的联系.结果表明,Ar离子辐照后Sm_2Co_(17)型永磁合金饱和磁化强度的不可逆损失与微观结构变化有直接的关系,其2:17相从单晶结构转变为非晶结构是造成其磁性能损失可能的微观机制.     

Pr基大块纳米晶合金及其特性研究

研究了Pr₆₀Al₁₀Ni₁₀Cu₂₀ 大块金属玻璃 的结构和磁性随Fe含量 的变化关系，结果表明Pr基合金逐步从玻璃状态，转变为非晶与纳米晶的复合状态，最后成 为纳米晶合金，Pr基合金的磁性也相应地发生变化.提出了一种通过对大块稀土基金属玻璃 进行Fe掺杂，制备出微观结构和性能具有可调控性的大块纳米晶合金的方法, 并讨论了纳米 晶结构和性能的关系. 关键词： 金属玻璃 大块纳米晶 掺杂     

晶粒尺寸对1 MeV电子在金属Ni中能量沉积的影响

采用脉冲电沉积方法制备出高致密、高质量的纳米晶Ni, 并对其密度、组织成分和微观结构进行了表征. 利用高能粒子加速器产生的1 MeV高能电子为辐照源, 研究高能电子在纳米晶Ni和常规粗晶Ni中的能量损失. 通过辐照过程中放置的吸收剂量片来准确表征其电子的能量沉积. 结果表明, 晶粒尺寸对高能电子在材料中的能量沉积有明显的影响, 1 MeV电子在穿过一定厚度的金属Ni后, 在晶粒尺寸细小的纳米晶Ni中测得总的吸收剂量较大, 证明了高能电子在纳米材料中的总能量沉积较小, 从而表现出纳米材料抗辐照的优异性能. 关键词： 高能电子 纳米金属 辐射损伤     

离子型钴铁氧体磁流体的稀土改性与机理研究

采用化学共沉淀法以柠檬酸三钠为表面改性剂制备了离子型稀土复合钴铁氧体磁流体.利用X衍射仪和透射电镜对磁粒子的组成、结构及粒径进行了分析.利用古埃磁天平和分光光度计研究了稀土离子改性对磁流体饱和磁化强度和磁感应的影响,实验结果表明:合成过程中添加稀土离子能明显降低磁性纳米粒子的粒径,制得的磁粒子均呈球形,钴铁氧体磁粒子的粒径为12～15nm,稀土钴铁氧体磁粒子的粒径为6～8nm.利用稀土改性的微观模型解释了粒径的降低.添加Dy3+能提高饱和磁化强度和磁感应,添加Y3+则能提高磁感应,却降低了饱和磁化强度.并从理论上对其改性机理进行了详细的分析.     

质子辐照对纯铝薄膜微观结构的影响

利用透射电子显微镜(TEM)详细分析了不同剂量的质子辐照纯铝薄膜样品的微观结构, 质子的能量E=160 keV.实验表明,质子辐照能够在Al薄膜中诱发空位位错圈,在实验范围内,位错密度随辐照剂量的增加而增加;质子辐照在1×10¹¹—4×10¹¹/mm²范围内随辐照剂量的增加,位错圈数量密度以及位错圈尺寸都随之增加.在较高剂量6×10¹¹/mm²辐照下,位错圈数量密度减小,但其尺寸显著 关键词： 质子辐照 空位簇缺陷 位错圈 微观结构     

CuCrZr合金质子辐照效应的模拟研究

基于Monte Carlo方法,跟踪一大批入射粒子的运动,模拟1~10 Me V质子辐照下质子与CuCrZr合金的相互作用,计算出合金的阻止本领、能量传递、能量损失、射程、空位分布情况以及合金的辐照损伤分别与辐照深度、质子能量的关系,通过模拟CuCrZr合金在聚变反应中的工作环境,分析热沉材料的失效机理.研究结果表明:质子能量在1~10 Me V时,质子与CuCrZr合金发生非弹性碰撞,能量损失以电离能损失为主,表现出很好的抗辐照性能;质子在合金中的峰值深度随质子能量增加而增加,且近似指数关系,峰值深度为2~250μm;入射质子能量达到Me V级别时,溅射产额为零,CuCrZr合金可以很好的避免器壁的侵蚀;合金中空位的个数与入射质子能量呈线性关系,合金中空位和质子在合金中的分布具有同步性;质子损伤效率在合金深度方向呈现高斯分布,损伤最大值位置与辐照深度接近,随着入射质子能量的增加损伤效率最大值不断减小.     

复相Nd4.5Fe76.3Ga0.3Co1.0B18合金的结构与磁性

利用快淬法制备了Nd_4.5Fe_76.3Ga_0.3Co_1.0B₁₈非晶合金,晶化处理后获得主相为Fe₃B与Nd₂Fe₁₄B的纳米晶永磁材料.采用X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜及磁测量手段分析研究了材料的微观结构与磁性能,并通过测量磁体的δM曲线,研究了晶粒间的交换耦合作用及其与微观结构、磁性能的关系. 关键词：     

原位中子衍射研究两相NiTi合金的微力学相互作用和相变机理

NiTi合金的形状记忆效应与其微观结构特征密切相关,中子衍射技术可以在力学加载过程中原位观察块体NiTi合金的相变、晶间应变以及孪晶再取向等演化特征．结合两相NiTi合金宏观应力一应变曲线呈现的四种阶段性变形特征,利用原位中子衍射技术对其变形过程中的微观结构演化进行了分析．奥氏体初始体积份额约22％,在低应变硬化阶段,晶面（110）B2和（002）B19,的应变分别突然减小和增大表明出现了应力诱发马氏体相变,奥氏体体积份额迅速减小,产生了（011）II型孪晶;同时初始马氏体也开始发生再取向,随着应变量的增加,开始出现新的{20i}型马氏体孪晶,这种孪晶引起的应变卸载时不能回复．在高应变硬化阶段孪晶变形起主导作用,衍射峰半高宽变化较小;而在应变硬化饱和阶段则以滑移机制为主,大量位错的产生使衍射峰半高宽显著增加．     

铁基纳米晶合金介观结构的等效RLC并联模型

根据实验研究成果提出纳米晶合金软磁性能受其介观结构影响的观点，建立了Fe基纳米晶合金的球状介观结构模型，分别求出只有交变磁场或交变磁场和静磁场作用时纳米晶粒球的频率函数——D函数.分析表明，两种D函数都是复变函数，其实部Re(D)为纳米晶电感性质和电容性质的反映，虚部Im(D)为纳米晶电阻性质的反映，据此建立了Fe基纳米晶合金介观结构的等效RLC并联模型.由该模型求得合金产生极值巨磁电阻的条件为v_extGMI=v|_Re(D)=0，决定因素有μ,σ,ω,R和H_ex及微观磁结构. 关键词： Fe基纳米晶合金 等效RLC并联模型 球状介观结构模型 频率函数     

Nb含量对FeSiBCuNb系铁基纳米晶合金结构和磁学性能的影响

为模拟Nb含量对FeSiBCuNb系铁基纳米晶合金结构和磁学性能的影响,采用Amorphous模块构建了Fe_88-xSi₉B₂CuNb_x(x=1,3,5,7)的硬球密剁模型,通过分子动力学方法进行弛豫,淬火以及退火处理,得到了Fe_88-xSi₉B₂CuNb_x(x=1,3,5,7)铁基纳米晶合金结构.基于第一性原理的计算方法,分析了不同Nb含量的铁基纳米晶合金的晶体结构和磁学性能.结果表明:随着Nb含量的增加,体系的晶格常数和体积都有所增大,导电性减小,磁矩不断减小,并且Fe的3d轨道是体系磁矩的主要贡献者,Nb元素对体系非晶化的形成有一定的作用.     

Neodymium-iron-boron permanent magnets

Permanent magnet research and technology have been propelled into a new era by the rare earth-iron-boron materials, R₂Fe₁₄B. Energy products surpassing all previous values have been attained in magnets based on Nd₂Fe₁₄B, the prototypical compound. In this review we place Nd-Fe-B in the historical context of permanent magnet evolution, summarize the intrinsic properties of the R₂Fe₁₄B phases, and discuss the properties of practical Nd-Fe-B magnets produced by the two methods in present commercial use.     

冲击波诱导Nd_2Fe_(14)B磁相变的理论计算研究

根据Nd2Fe14B的冲击加载实验,计算了3.3—7.2 GPa压力范围内冲击波阵面上压力与温度的关系.基于分子场理论,引入压力等效场,改进了双亚点阵理论模型,并分析了在不同温度和压力下Nd2Fe14B的磁性转变机理.计算了压力对Nd2Fe14B磁致伸缩系数、磁化率、磁化强度以及居里温度的影响,给出了Nd2Fe14B发生铁磁–顺磁相变的压力和温度判据.计算结果表明:压力使Nd2Fe14B的居里温度逐渐向低温区转移,当压力从0 GPa增加到1.15 GPa时,居里温度从584 K降至292 K;随着压力的增加,Nd2Fe14B的磁化强度不断下降,且临界去磁压力随温度的升高呈下降趋势;在3.3—7.2 GPa压力范围内,Nd2Fe14B发生了铁磁-顺磁相变.     

Magnetic properties and spin reorientation of iron rare earth based intermetallics

The Curie temperature and saturation magnetization M_s(μ_B/f.u.) of R₂Fe₁₄B have been discussed. The spin reorientations of Nd₂Fe₁₄B compounds have been studied by many authors with various methods, but have not been checked with the neutron diffraction method. We investigated the spin reorientation of Nd₁₅Fe₇₈B₇ by neutron diffraction and obtained θ = 26°34' at 77 K which is in good agreement with other authors' results. The small amount substitution of Si for Fe in Nd₂(Fe_1−xSi_x)₁₄B increases T_c and _cH_c of the compound. These will be able to make an advantage for Nd-Fe -B magnets.     

STRUCTURE AND MAGNETIC PROPERTIES OF NITRIDES R3Fe29-xCrxN4

A systematic investigation of nitrides R₃Fe_29-xCr_xN₄(R=Y, Ce, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, and Dy) has been performed. The nitrogen concentration in the nitride R₃Fe_29-xCr_xN_y was determined to be y=4. Nitrogenation leads to a relative volume expansion of about 5.3%. The lattice constants and unit cell volume decrease with in creasing rare earth atomic number from Nd to Dy, reflecting the lanthanide contraction. In average, the increase of Curie temperature upon nitrogenation is about 200 K, compared with its parent compound. The nitrogenation also results in a remarkable improvement in the saturation magnetization and anisotropy fields for R₃Fe_29-xCr_xN₄ at 4.2 K and room temperature, comp ared with their parent compounds. A spin reorientation of Nd₃Fe_24.5 Cr_4.5N₄ occurs at around 368 K, which is 138 K higher than that of Nd₃Fe_24.5Cr_4.5.Magnetohistory effects of R₃Fe_29-xCr_xN₄(R=Nd and Sm) are observed in a low field of 0.04 T. First order magneti zation process occurs in Sm₃Fe_24.0Cr_5.0N₄ in magnetic fields of around 3.0 T at 4.2 K. After nitrogenation the easy magnetization direction of Sm₃Fe_24.0Cr_5.0 is changed from the easy cone structure to the uniaxial. The excellent intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm₃Fe_24.0Cr_5.0N₄ make this compound a hopeful candidate for new high performance permanent magnets.     

Magnetic characteristics of R2(Fe, Co)14B systems (R = Y, Nd and Gd)

R₂(Fe, Co)₁₄B compounds (R = Y, Nd and Gd) were prepared in high purity. The magnetic behavior of R₂(Fe, Co)₁₄B compounds is reported over the temperature range 4 to 300 K. The effects of Fe substitution by Co on the saturation magnetization, Curie temperature and anisotropy are presented. The spin-reorientation temperature is lowered as Co replaces Fe. This also results in a reduced cone angle.

The R₂Fe_14−xCo_xB alloys crystallize in the tetragonal structure over the entire concentration range of 0 x 14. When Fe is substituted by Co, the Curie temperature increases significantly, the saturation magnetization increases to a maximum value around x = 2, and the anisotropy becomes planar for R = Y and Gd. The Nd₂(Fe, Co)₁₄B systems all exhibit uniaxial anisotropy at room temperature and Nd₂Co₁₄B is strongly uniaxial at 77 K. The Nd₂(Fe, Co)₁₄B systems are conical at 77 K.     

Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B-type Nd16Co76B8−xCx alloys and their hydrides

An attempt is made to synthesize Nd₂Co₁₄C compound by mechanical alloying Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x8) alloys and subsequent annealing. Phase formation and magnetic properties of Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x alloys and their hydrides are investigated. The Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase with Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is formed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys, while NdCo₇C_δ phase with TbCu₇-type structure is observed in Nd₁₆Co₇₆C₈ alloy. The lattice parameter c of the Nd₂Co₁₄(B,C) phase decreases with increasing the carbon content. A limit volume of the unit cell to form the Nd₂Fe₁₄B-type structure is estimated to be 0.870 nm³. The spin-reorientation temperature T_SR increases with increasing the carbon content, due to an enhancement of magnetocrystalline anisotropy caused by carbon substitution for boron. After hydrogenation, the lattice expansion is observed for Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_x (0x7) alloys. The spin-reorientation temperature of Nd₁₆Co₇₆B_8−xC_xH_y (0x7) is much lower than that of the host alloys. Some structural and magnetic properties of hypothetic Nd₂Co₁₄C and Nd₂Co₁₄CH_y compounds are estimated by extrapolation.     

Improvement of the magnetic properties of low-neodymium magnets by minor addition of titanium

Rapidly solidified nanocomposite Nd₉Fe_77−xB₁₄Ti_x alloys, consisting of magnetic Nd₂Fe₁₄B phase and soft magnetic phases, were investigated. The effect of titanium addition on the structure and magnetic properties was studied. It was found that 2–4 at% Ti addition leads to substantial increase of the coercivity and maximum energy product, maintaining the remanence unchanged. The highest properties: J_r=0.81 T, _JH_c=907 kA/m, (BH)_max=99 kJ/m³, were achieved for the Nd₉Fe₇₃B₁₄Ti₄ alloy. This effect we attribute to the formation of fine and homogeneous grain structure and a change of the phase morphology in the Ti-containing alloys. The initial magnetization curve indicates a change of the coercivity mechanisms giving rise to pinning of domain walls, which is caused by reduction of the crystallite size.     

Dy在Nd2Fe14B晶格中的占位及其对Fe原子磁矩影响的第一性原理计算

基于第一性原理投影缀加波和梯度矫正局域密度近似(PAW-GGA), 研究了Nd₂Fe₁₄B和Dy₂Fe₁₄B的基态晶格属性, 进而对Dy在Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶格中的掺杂进行了研究, 并采用GGA+U的方式进行了原子磁矩计算, 并与自旋轨道耦合 (SOI) 计算结果进行了对照. 置换计算表明, Dy原子倾向于置换Nd₂Fe₁₄B晶格中4f位的稀土原子. 磁矩计算表明, 在R₂Fe₁₄B (R: 稀土元素) 晶格中, 4f位的稀土元素与Fe原子作用更强, 对磁性能的影响更大. 稀土原子与Fe的作用与距离呈正相关. 关键词： 2Fe₁₄B')" href="#">Nd₂Fe₁₄B 晶格占位 形成能 原子磁矩     

Pr2(Fe0.8Co0.2)14B磁结构的中子衍射研究

本文报道用中子衍射测定的含硼稀土过渡族金属间化合物Pr₂(Fe_0.8Co_0.2)₁₄B的晶体结构与磁结构。将中子三轴谱仪用作二轴粉末衍射仪,在室温测该化合物粉末样品的中子衍射强度,用轮廓精化法弥合衍射数据。该化合物属Nd₂Fe₁₄B类四方结构,α=8.8110?,c=12.2307?。设Pr,Fe和Co原子磁矩间为铁磁耦合,同一晶位的Fe,Co原子磁矩相等,存在沿c轴的易磁化 关键词：