超冷原子系综的非高斯纠缠态与精密测量

量子精密测量是基于量子力学的基本原理对特定物理量实施测量,并利用量子效应提高测量精度的交叉科学.随着超冷原子实验技术的发展,超冷原子为量子精密测量提供了一个优异的研究平台.利用发展成熟的量子调控技术,人们可以基于超冷原子系综制备一些新奇的非高斯多粒子纠缠态.基于多体量子干涉,利用这些非高斯纠缠态作为输入,可以实现超越标准量子极限的高精度测量.本文简要综述这一研究领域的进展.     

同位素7Li和6Li的性质殊异

本文研究了同位素7 Li和6 Li在几个方面的性质差异．用相对论量子力学计算指出,6 Li的电子能级比7 Li的能级低,同时,对电偶极E （1）和磁偶极M （1）的能级跃迁波长,6 Li的跃迁波长都要比7 Li的长．由于7 Li和6 Li的核自旋的大小不同,可以看出在磁场2万高斯和温度100－20 K之间,7 Li的磁极化比6 Li的约大13倍．7 Li和6 Li的磁极化这种差异,也是一种可能的同位素7 Li／6 Li的分离方法．     

基于光学频率梳的超低噪声微波频率产生

低噪声的微波频率在雷达,长基线干涉仪等领域有重要应用.基于光学频率梳产生的微波信号的相位噪声在1 Hz频偏处低于–100 dBc/Hz,在高频(> 100 kHz)处低于–170 dBc/Hz,是目前所有的微波频率产生技术中噪声最低的.文章介绍了光学频率梳产生微波频率的基本原理,对基于光梳产生的微波频率信号的各类噪声和抑制噪声的技术进行了分析和总结.随后对低噪声的测量方法进行介绍,并展示了几种典型的微波频率产生实验装置和结果.随着光学频率梳和噪声抑制技术的不断提升,基于光梳的极低噪声微波频率源将有更广泛的应用前景和应用领域.     

基于磁光阱中~6Li冷原子的真空度测量

2018年第26届国际计量大会召开后,伴随着国际单位制的重新定义,真空量值加速了其量子化进程.在超高/极高真空测量领域,可基于囚禁在磁光阱中的冷原子与背景气体碰撞的损失率以及损失率系数反演真空度.本文从磁光阱中冷原子真空测量的基本原理出发,基于量子散射理论小角近似和冲激近似计算了~6Li冷原子与背景气体碰撞的损失率系数,并利用光缔合法测定了在一定磁场和光场条件下的磁光阱阱深,基于两级磁光阱装置通过拟合冷原子数的衰减曲线精确提取出了碰撞损失率.最后在1×10^-8—5×10^-6 Pa压强范围内将真空反演量值与电离计示数对比,分析了制约测量精度提高的因素并提出了改进措施.     

费米6Li冷原子装载动力学的研究

我们用简单的系统实现了6 Li费米原子的冷却及俘获,研究了磁光阱中冷原子的装载动力学.由于其质量小和反冲动量大等特点,装载、冷却及俘获过程和其他的碱金属原子具有极大的不同.我们测量了装载率、单体碰撞损失率和原子数与温度的关系.基于气体动能和原子碰撞散射的理论计算来解释实验的测量结果.实现的长寿命6Li冷原子对将来研究超冷费米原子的量子简并及其强相互作用具有重要的意义.     

基于~(87)Rb原子的大失谐光晶格的设计与操控

提出了一种基于~(87)Rb原子的大失谐光学晶格的设计方案,详细介绍了光晶格光束的校准、频率失谐的调整以及光强输出的控制方式.在磁光阱和偏振梯度冷却的基础上,研究了光学晶格的总光强和频率失谐等参数对原子装载的影响,实现了光晶格中冷原子的绝热装载与卸载.通过光强调制的方法,测量了光晶格的振动频率.光晶格的引入,使得温度降低为原有的1/3.涉及的系统设计和结论对其他碱金属原子光晶格的实验设计具有参考价值.     

飞秒频率梳和单频激光干涉光谱的实验研究

本文研究了光学频率梳输出的整形后飞秒脉冲激光和单频激光的干涉光谱。实验中光学频率梳和单频激光干涉的信号包括直流项、光学频率梳输出的脉冲激光相邻模式之间的干涉项和光学频率梳脉冲激光与单频激光之间的干涉项。实验上研究了光学频率梳脉冲激光与单频激光干涉信号间距和单频激光频率的关系,提供了一种快速直接测量单频激光频率的有效方法。研究了光学频率梳输出的飞秒脉冲光经过铷泡后与单频激光干涉信号和单频激光频率的关系,获得铷原子吸收光谱。该研究工作对于原子分子高精密光谱测量具有一定的意义。     

面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光梳系统

报道了自主研制的面向Li原子D1线频率测量应用的掺铒飞秒光纤光学频率梳,包括飞秒激光源,频率探测及控制单元,光谱展宽及拍频单元.光纤光梳系统中飞秒激光光源是一套基于非线性偏振旋转锁模机制的掺铒飞秒光纤激光器,重复频率为196.5MHz,中心波长为1 572nm.利用f-2f法探测载波包络相移频率,获得信噪比约为40dB的信号(分辨率带宽300kHz).改变飞秒激光光源泵浦控制载波包络相移频率、频率稳定度是3.74×10-18/τ1/2;通过电光晶体和压电陶瓷改变飞秒激光光源腔长来控制重复频率frep、频率稳定度是1.75×10-13/τ1/2.利用高非线性光纤和倍频晶体将光纤光梳直接输出光谱由1 520～1 607nm扩展到671nm,获得了单模功率为208nW的光信号.与671nm单频激光拍频产生约为60dB(分辨率带宽1Hz)信号,满足Li原子D1线频率测量实验的需求.     

铯47D精细能级超冷里德堡原子自由演化的动力学研究

用连续窄线宽激光器将超冷铯里德堡原子分别激发到47D_3/2, 47D_5/2精细态, 观察了处于里德堡精细态的铯原子向超冷铯等离子体自由演化的过程, 详细对比了不同精细态的铯里德堡原子预电离时间、电离速率以及等离子体的转化效率. 将里德堡原子快速转化为等离子体的过程解释为局域势阱内由预电离产生的电子与里德堡原子的快速碰撞导致的雪崩电离.     

Break-up of 6Li and 7Li on tin and nickel nuclei

The break-up of the stable lithium nuclei on ⁵⁸Ni and ¹¹⁸Sn has been investigated in the bombarding energy range 12–24 MeV. The emerging α-particles have been analysed showing that the cross sections peak at the angle of grazing collisions. Inspection of the present data suggests the conclusion that several different reaction mechanisms contribute to the continuous spectrum of the α-particles.     

6Li与核弹性散射的微观光学势

从基本的Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock微观理论出发,得到同时包含实部和虚部的核子-核散射的微观光学势,并利用折叠模型直接获得了核-核散射参数无关的整体微观光学势.考虑到核-核散射去弹过程高级项的贡献和⁶Li的碎裂效应,在微观光学势的实部和虚部中引入了修正因子N_R,N_I.系统研究了入射粒子⁶Li与靶核¹²C,²⁸Si,关键词： 弹性散射 Dirac-Brueckner-Hartree-Fock方法 折叠模型 微观光学势     

Calculation of scattering parameters for ultracold ~6 Li-~7 Li elastic collisions

This paper theoretically studies the elastic scattering properties in a mixture of 6 Li and 7 Li atoms at cold and ultracold temperatures.Based on the constructed accurate interatomic potential of the triplet state for 6 Li 7 Li mixture by the mass scaling method,it calculates the interspecies s-wave scattering lengths and the p-wave scattering lengths by the variable phase method and the semiclassical method,respectively.The scattering length is in good agreement with the experiment.The partial-wave and total cross sections are also calculated and a rich resonance structure is found.     

Precise determination of characteristic laser frequencies by an Er-doped fiber optical frequency comb

Femtosecond optical frequency combs correlate the microwave and optical frequencies accurately and coherently. Therefore, any optical frequency in visible to near-infrared region can be directly traced to a microwave frequency. As a result, the length unit "meter" is directly related to the time unit "second". This paper validates the capability of the national wavelength standards based on a home-made Er-doped fiber femtosecond optical frequency comb to measure the laser frequencies ranging from visible to near-infrared region. Optical frequency conversion in the femtosecond optical frequency comb is achieved by combining spectral broadening in a highly nonlinear fiber with a single-point frequency-doubling scheme. The signal-to-noise ratio of the beat notes between the femtosecond optical frequency comb and the lasers at 633, 698, 729, 780, 1064, and 1542 nm is better than 30 dB. The frequency instability of the above lasers is evaluated by using a hydrogen clock signal with a instability of better than 1×10^-13 at 1-s averaging time. The measurement is further validated by measuring the absolute optical frequency of an iodine-stabilized 532-nm laser and an acetylene-stabilized 1542-nm laser. The results are within the uncertainty range of the international recommended values. Our results demonstrate the accurate optical frequency measurement of lasers at different frequencies using the femtosecond optical frequency comb, which is not only important for the precise and accurate traceability and calibration of the laser frequencies, but also provides technical support for establishing the national wavelength standards based on the femtosecond optical frequency comb.     

三维光学晶格中铯原子的装载与冷却

建立了四光束的三维光学晶格势场,在铯原子磁光阱和光学粘团的基础上实现了红失谐三维光学晶格中冷原子的装载.借助于短程飞行时间吸收谱测量冷原子温度,通过改变光学晶格的总光强和频率失谐等条件,对光学晶格中铯原子的亚多普勒冷却以及光学晶格中冷原子的寿命进行了研究. 关键词： 光学晶格 磁光阱 光学粘团 冷原子     

Elastic and inelastic scattering of 6Li and 7Li by 54Fe at E = 36–50 MeV

Detailed angular distributions for the elastic and inelastic scattering of ⁷Li at E = 36, 42, and 48 MeV and of ⁶Li at E = 38, 44, and 50 MeV by ⁵⁴Fe have been measured. It is not possible to describe both sets of data with the same set of optical-model parameters. The ratio of $\text{U}\text{W}$ is 0.8 for ⁷Li and 1.4 for ⁶Li at the strong absorption radius, implying stronger absorption for ⁷Li than for ⁶Li. No energy dependence in the optical-model parameters was necessary for either ⁶Li or ⁷Li. The inelastic scattering from the ⁵⁴Fe 2⁺, 1.41 MeV state was well described by the DWBA and the extracted deformation length (βR = 0.62) was the same for both ⁶Li and ⁷Li scattering. It was not possible to describe the ⁷Li projectile excitation data with collective-model DWBA calculations showing that more detailed calculations for the projectile excitation are necessary.     

Analysis of (6Li,d) and (d, 6Li) reactions in the nickel and tin regions

The (⁶Li, d) and (d, ⁶Li) L = 0 transitions in the mass regions $\text{A ? 60}\text{and}\text{A ? 116}$ are analyzed utilizing microscopic form factors. The cross sections follow the pattern given by the two-proton and two-neutron transfer cross sections.     

The reaction 14C(6Li, 6He)14N and the distribution of Gamow-Teller strength

We find that the correlation between the L=0 component of the (⁶Li, ⁶He) reaction and the GT matrix element holds down to a very low level of GT strength, and that essentially all (90%) of the GT strength lies in the 3.95 MeV state of ¹⁴N.