计算多层膜组分和厚度的软件FPMULTI及其应用

本文简述了可用于多层镀层和多层薄膜成分和厚度同时分析的计算机软件ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的主要特点。这个基于基本参数法的计算机软件可以分析多至１０层,最多含２５个元素的各类试样。所需的校正标样可以是纯元素或多元素的薄膜标样,亦可以是纯元素或多元素的块样。本文的研究表明,用ＦＰＭＵＬＴＩ的分析结果明显优于检量线法,体现了基本参数法的优点。     

层裂损伤孔洞增长模型参数的确定方法及其应用

基于自由面速度曲线及其与层裂面处物理量变化之间的关联,考虑层裂损伤演化过程中波的传播与相互作用,进一步探讨了损伤演化过程中的临界状态,分析了孔洞增长层裂损伤模型参数所包含的物理涵义,并给出基于物理的模型参数确定方法.通过对两种典型延性金属OFHC铜和钽层裂实验结果的模拟,验证了该方法的合理性.本文给出的参数确定方法不仅可以扩展模型的适用范围,有效提高计算结果的可信度,同时,也为其他层裂损伤模型参数的确定提供了很好的借鉴作用.     

耐γ辐射匹配层的制备及其在超声换能器的应用*

超声换能器是超声无损检测系统的核心器件。匹配层作为超声换能器的重要组成部分,能减小声阻抗失配造成的声能损失,提高换能器能量传输效率。传统超声换能器由于匹配层等有机材料在射线辐照条件下引起化学键断裂而失效,从而影响检测的准确性。为了研制高性能耐辐射超声换能器,本文选择具有良好耐辐射性能的双酚A型环氧树脂作为基体,氧化铝陶瓷粉末作为无机填料,制备了不同氧化铝含量的匹配层(0%～80%),研究了该系列匹配层样品经过γ射线辐照后的颜色、密度、声速、声阻抗和声衰减的变化情况。随着辐照剂量的增加(0～1000kGy),样品的颜色逐渐加深,密度几乎保持不变;声速,声阻抗和声衰减略有提高。基于该匹配层,研制了中心频率9MHz的超声换能器,换能器辐照前后信号变化不大,表明该系列匹配层在较大剂量辐照下仍然具有良好的声学性能,是较为优异的耐辐射匹配层材料,具有较好的应用前景。     

多层介质的转移矩阵及其在声子晶体中的应用

引入四维波矢的概念,推导出弹性波斜入射到多层介质系统时的转移矩阵以及透射系数和反射系数。利用这些公式计算了纵波和横波正入射到一维掺杂声子晶体时纵波和横波的透射系数。得出:当纵波正入射时,透射波中纵波在一定频率范围内出现了禁带,并且在禁带的中心频率处出现了缺陷模。当横波正入射时也有相同的结果。     

Self-adaptive model of texture-based target location for intelligent transportation system applications

In this paper, three shortages: full-enhancement mechanism, invariable texture extraction mechanism, and lack of robust enhancement methods, that are always neglected in some tasks based on texture-based target location for Intelligent Transportation System applications (ITS) are introduced. To cover these shortages, a self-adaptive model for texture-based target location is established. It is mainly composed of self-adaptive enhancement mechanism, self-adaptive texture extraction mechanism, and graying enhancement. Also, feedback evaluation strategy for design of texture extraction modes, needed by self-adaptive texture extraction mechanism, is provided. And then, an algorithm of license plate location is designed to evaluate effectiveness of this model. 338 license plate images from natural scenes were applied to test graying enhancement and self-adaptive location. Results of enhancement experiment indicate that graying enhancement is robust in purposiveness, real-time performance, and empirical parameter independence, simultaneously. Further, Results of location experiment demonstrate that not only a sound algorithm of license plate location with high success rate (96.1%) and low average execution time (52 ms) is given but also the effectiveness of the two self-adaptive mechanisms in the proposed model are validated.     

大气光学湍流估算模式及其相似性函数

地表热通量和水汽通量对全球气候变化和大气环流有着重要而广泛的影响,而Monin-Obukhov(M-O)相似性函数在计算近地层热通量和水汽通量的过程中扮演着重要的角色;同时M-O相似性函数是大气光学湍流估算模式中不可或缺的因子。通过对合肥西郊35 m铁塔上气象数据的分析,利用非线性最小二乘法拟合得到了一套全新的M-O相似性函数。将之与前人提出的相似性函数作对比,展现出了较好的一致性。同时,该函数大气光学湍流的估算模式中,估算值与实测值具有较好的吻合度。分析结果表明：在稳定条件和非常不稳定条件下,可以认为温度相似性函数等于湿度相似性函数,在弱不稳定条件下两者不再满足这种相似性。     

确定大气边界层顶高度的新方法及数值实验

提出了一种确定大气边界层顶高度的数值微分新方法,该方法使用了正则化技术,把对弯角廓线求导数的数值微分问题转化为求目标泛函极小值的问题,采用双参数模型函数方法来选择正则化参数,最后利用最大梯度法确定边界层顶高度.首先通过两个数值实验验证了新方法的有效性,实验结果显示,随着掩星资料噪音的增多,由差分法和结合L曲线方案的数值微分方法得到的边界层顶高度波动增大,而通过双参数模型函数方法得到的高度很稳定,这说明新方法能够很好地过滤噪音,从而保留廓线的主要信息.随后基于2007-2011年1,4,7,10月的COSMIC弯角数据,利用新方法分析了全球海洋大气边界层顶高度的季节特征,并与用掩星资料自带的大气边界层顶高度数据zbalmax得到的季节分布进行对比.结果表明,两者的季节分布特征十分一致:海温相对周围海域高的区域,边界层顶高度较高,反之,边界层顶高度较低;在暖流经过的海域,边界层顶高度较高,在寒流经过的海域,边界层顶的高度相对较低.     

Physical model of acoustic forward scattering by cylindrical shell and its experimental validation

Research on the underwater target scattering can provide important theoretical support for target detection. The scattering model of cylindrical shell is established in this paper. It is found that the forward target strength is much stronger and varies with angles of incident wave less significantly than backward target strength. The received forward signal strength fluctuates with the target moving due to the interference between direct signal and scattering signal, which is most significant when target approaches the baseline. An experiment is carried out in an anechoic tank to validate the scattering model. The method of acquisiting forward scattering in the tank is proposed. The forward and the backward target strengths are achieved by using the pulse compression technology, and they are about 3dB less than the modeling results. The forward scattering phenomena of quiescent and moving target are measured, which are similar to modeling results with different target types.     

A vision measurement model of laser displacement sensor and its calibration method

Laser displacement sensors (LDSs) use a triangulation measurement model in general. However, the non-linearity of the triangulation measurement model influences the measurement accuracy of the LDS, and the geometric parameters calibration process of the components of the LDS is tedious. In this paper, we present a vision measurement model of the LDS based on the perspective projection principle. Furthermore, a corresponding calibration method is proposed. A planar target with featured lines is moved by a 2D moving platform to some preset known positions. At each position, the world coordinates of calibration points are obtained by the cross ratio invariance principle and the linear array camera of the LDS is used for collecting target images. The simulations verify the effectiveness of the proposed model and the feasibility of the calibration method. The experimental results indicate that the calibration method achieves a calibration accuracy of 0.026 mm. Compared with the traditional measurement model, the vision measurement model of the LDS is more comprehensive and avoids a linear approximation procedure, and the corresponding calibration method is easily complemented.     

A thermal flux-diffusing model for complex networks and its applications in community structure detection

We introduce a thermal flux-diffusing model for complex networks. Based on this model, we propose a physical method to detect the communities in the complex networks. The method allows us to obtain the temperature distribution of nodes in time that scales linearly with the network size. Then, the local community enclosing a given node can be easily detected for the reason that the dense connections in the local communities lead to the temperatures of nodes in the same community being close to each other. The community structure of a network can be recursively detected by randomly choosing the nodes outside the detected local communities. In the experiments, we apply our method to a set of benchmarking networks with known pre-determined community structures. The experiment results show that our method has higher accuracy and precision than most existing globe methods and is better than the other existing local methods in the selection of the initial node. Finally, several real-world networks are investigated.     

声学立靶弹着点测试数学模型与误差分析

本文根据空气动力学理论和超音速弹丸的激波特性，建立了在使用L型立靶基础上正向射击和任意角度射击时的数学模型，并进行了误差分析，提出了减小误差的修正方法。     

Effective and robust infrared small target detection with the fusion of polydirectional first order derivative images under facet model

The robust detection of IR small target acts as one of the key techniques in the infrared search and tracking system (IRSTS). This paper presents a new method of small-target detection which formulates the problem as the detection of Gaussian-like spot. Initially, the amendatory first-order directional derivative (AFODD) based on facet model is applied to get the polydirectional derivative IR images, and the direction information of targets is reserved in these images. Then, the AFODD images are fused together to ensure the robustness and effectiveness of target detection. At last, the Principal Component Analysis (PCA) method is carried out to make targets in the fusion image more prominent, so that they can be extracted out by a simple threshold segmentation. Experiment results show that the presented method performs well even in the IR images with complex backgrounds.     

非线性自治系统频率特性及其利用

用数值模拟方法对三维非线性混沌系统进行了分析,发现衰减项参量的变化基本不影响系统的周期(指在同一周期内),并且系统基频与分频(基本周期与倍周期)之间还存在着近似的简单倍数关系.另外,还将Hopf分支理论中的实用分析方法应用到某些系统,解析地确定出系统开始出现稳定周期解(分岔)的临界位置、基本周期的近似值及分岔方向等有关特征量.进一步利用确定系统基本周期的方法以及基本周期和其他周期关系的规律,讨论了变量延迟反馈法控制混沌的两个实例 关键词： 自治系统 基本周期(频率) Hopf分支 混沌控制