表面等离子激元与F-P共振耦合平衡钙钛矿太阳能电池有源层内载流子产生速率

为提高有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池（PSCs）光吸收效率、平衡有源层中载流子产生速率,将周期性纳米光栅结构引入到PSCs器件结构中。分析了光栅周期、光栅高度和有源层厚度对表面等离子激元（SPPs）与法布里-珀罗（F-P）共振耦合模式的影响。通过改变光栅周期,实现了SPPs与F-P共振耦合波长范围与钙钛矿材料的弱吸收光谱区域相重合,同时光栅高度的增加可以增大耦合模式的光谱宽度。SPPs与F-P共振耦合模式实现了金属电极与电子传输层（ETL）界面处的局域电场增强。结果表明:场增强效应扩展到有源区,有效提高了PSCs有源层远入射光侧在570~800 nm波长范围内的光吸收,进而提高了有源层远入射光区域的载流子产生速率。当光栅周期为250 nm、光栅高度为50 nm、源层厚度为300 nm时,PSCs在太阳光弱吸收光谱区域内的本征吸收提高了~12%,有源层远入射光侧载流子产生速率提高了~41%。     

利用金属纳米颗粒改善有机光电器件性能

有机发光和有机光伏器件为代表的有机光电器件在显示、照明、能源等领域有着广阔的应用前景。有机发光器件具有发光效率高、发光颜色丰富、响应速度快等优点,而有机光伏器件具有质轻、成本低、可实现柔性器件等优点。金属纳米颗粒的表面等离子体共振耦合效应可以提高有机发光器件的效率和有机光伏器件的光电转换效率,因而得到了研究人员的广泛关注。本文综述了金属纳米颗粒改善有机发光/光伏器件性能方面的研究进展,并对其今后的应用趋势进行了讨论。     

梯度掺杂体异质结对有机太阳能电池光电转换效率的影响

基于传统的体异质结有机太阳能电池结构, 对结构中的混合层改用梯度掺杂的方法, 在AM1.5, 100 mW/cm²光照下, 使得器件的短路电流由原来的7.72 mA/cm²提高到了9.18 mA/cm², 相应的光电转换效率提高了25%. 器件性能的提升归因于梯度掺杂体系的引入使得体异质结混合层中同一材料分子之间形成了较好的连续网络结构, 降低了器件的串联电阻, 提高了电极对载流子的收集效率, 从而提高了器件的光电转换效率. 关键词： 有机太阳能电池 体异质结 梯度掺杂     

金属纳米颗粒对有机太阳能电池光吸收效率影响的研究

借助时域有限差分法,对几种常见金属纳米颗粒影响有机太阳能电池光吸收效率的因素及其内部物理机制进行了研究.首先对金属纳米颗粒激发局域表面等离子共振的场分布特点进行分析,对比其在电池不同功能层中对光吸收率的影响;其次基于米氏理论与电共振效应,得出金属纳米颗粒的结构参量对局域表面等离子共振位置及强度的影响规律,并以此进行优化设计.结果表明,具有高对称性形貌的金属纳米颗粒以小尺寸密堆积结构引入电池活性层,能够促进电池光吸收增强三倍以上.     

金属纳米颗粒对有机太阳能电池光吸收效率影响的研究

借助时域有限差分法,对几种常见金属纳米颗粒影响有机太阳能电池光吸收效率的因素及其内部物理机制进行了研究.首先对金属纳米颗粒激发局域表面等离子共振的场分布特点进行分析,对比其在电池不同功能层中对光吸收率的影响;其次基于米氏理论与电共振效应,得出金属纳米颗粒的结构参量对局域表面等离子共振位置及强度的影响规律,并以此进行优化设计.结果表明,具有高对称性形貌的金属纳米颗粒以小尺寸密堆积结构引入电池活性层,能够促进电池光吸收增强三倍以上.     

有机太阳能电池能量转化效率的提高思路

能源问题是目前最为关注的焦点之一,随着社会的进步和工业的发展,地球上已探明可使用的化学燃料能源,包括石油、天然气和煤等,日趋枯竭.太阳能的利用已引起各国的重视.光伏器件是太阳能利用的最为重要的手段之一,有机太阳电池在此类器件中将承担极其重要的角色.但低的光电转换效率是阻碍其产业化的瓶颈.为此简要综述了提高有机太阳能电池...     

基于新型复合传输层的有机太阳能电池模组器件

通过刮涂制备薄膜衬底和真空蒸镀有机小分子材料来构筑复合界面传输层,制备了大面积有机太阳能电池模组器件.通过透射光谱、传输层粗糙度形貌、表面浸润性、不同衬底的光吸收层粗糙度形貌、刮涂的均匀性研究了同传输层对OSCs器件性能的影响.实验结果表明,当在AZO衬底表面蒸镀一层电子致密层时,即新型复合传输层并未影响基片在300～...     

任意色散周期结构的时域有限差分方法分析

利用辅助微分时域有限差分法求解了任意色散周期模型的电磁波传播问题。利用共轭复数对形式对任意色散媒质进行参数拟合,并将任意色散媒质的介电常数表示成公式形式,在FDTD迭代式中引入辅助微分方程,推导出了适用于多层任意色散模型的通用递推公式,分别求解了Debye、Drude与太阳能电池周期结构模型的电磁特性仿真问题。仿真结果表明:数值计算结果与CST商业软件仿真结果基本吻合,证明了所构建方法的有效性与普适性。     

利用蛾眼结构提高有机太阳能电池光吸收效率的理论研究

为提高有机太阳能电池(OSCs)的能量转换效率,将蛾眼微结构应用于OSCs上.通过理论模拟计算,得出在有机层厚度一定的情况下,带有蛾眼微结构的OSCs相比于普通平板结构的OSCs的光吸收效率有较大的提高.通过对微结构形貌、周期和高度的优化,使蛾眼结构OSCs的光吸收效率比普通平板OSCs提高了11.3％.器件光场分布的模拟计算表明,光吸收效率的提高是由蛾眼结构减反增透的效果和表面等离子体(SPP)增强吸收共同导致的结果.     

基于金纳米棒@二氧化硅表面等离子体共振增强的有机太阳能电池

把包裹SiO₂的金纳米棒（Au NRs@SiO₂）掺杂到有机太阳能电池的活性层中,利用表面等离子体共振效应来增强活性层对光的吸收,从而提高有机太阳能电池的能量转换效率。研究了不同掺杂浓度和不同包裹厚度对电池性能的影响。结果表明,掺杂浓度为1.5%时,器件性能最佳,能量转换效率达到4.02%;SiO₂壳层厚度为3 nm时,转换效率达到4.38%,较标准电池提升了29.2%。     

修正的频域有限差分法在二维金属光子晶体分析中的应用

与介质光子晶体相比,金属光子晶体的带隙特性在毫米波和亚毫米波波段有着重要的应用价值.基于Yee网格的频域有限差分法推导得出的本征模方程,求解后能方便而又可靠地得出介质光子晶体的带隙图和场分布.但由于金属与介质的本质差异,该方法不能直接应用于金属光子晶体.文中引入了金属表面边界条件,推导了二维金属周期结构的光子带隙本征模方程.通过数值计算,得出了不同晶格结构（正方/三角格子）下两种模式（TE/TM）的全禁带特性,并与介质周期结构的禁带特性进行对比,分析了金属周期结构在模式选择和器件集成方面的优点.     

Stability issues of the next generation solar cells

Polymer, perovskite, and dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promising technologies for next generation low cost photovoltaic cells. Among these, perovskite solar cells are the newest technology and have the highest efficiency, while DSSCs are closest to commercialization with several companies producing the DSSC materials and modules and existing DSSC installations. However, all three types of solar cells share a concern about lifetime and stability. For each type of devices, there are specific concerns and degradation mechanisms, and all of the devices require encapsulation and exhibit varying degrees of sensitivity to moisture, oxygen, elevated temperature and UV illumination depending on the device structure and materials used. We are discussing the stability and lifetime for each type of cells and future outlook of these technologies. (© 2016 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH &Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

有机太阳能电池的研究进展

能量转化效率低是有机太阳能电池实现商业化生产的一个瓶颈,因此,制备高性能太阳能电池的关键之一是提高能量转化效率(ηp),文章介绍了有机太阳能电池的工作原理,论述了目前有机太阳能电池的研究现状,重点从提高有机太阳能电池的开路电压(Voc)、短路电流(Isc)、光电转换效率(ηEOE)和填充因子(FF)等几方面分析总结了提高有机太阳能电池能量转化效率的几种有效途径,并简要阐述了有机太阳能电池稳定性的研究进展.     

Theory study on the properties of thiadiazole polymer donors for organic solar cells

In this work, the properties of [1,2,5] thiadiazolo [3,4‐c] pyridine ‐alt‐cyclopenta [2,1‐b:3,4‐b′] dithiophene (PT‐CDT) and [1,2,5] thiadiazolo [3,4‐c] pyridine‐6‐carbonitrile‐alt‐cyclopenta [2,1‐b:3,4‐b′] dithiophene (PCNT‐CDT) as donors were investigated by means of Density Functional Theory. The electronic properties and optical absorption properties were discussed, and hole‐transfer properties of donors were studied by Marcus electron transfer theory. The results indicate that the linear structure of PCNT‐CDT and PT‐CDT is more stable than the spiral structure of PCNT‐CDT and PT‐CDT; the absorption peak in visible region of PCNT‐CDT is stronger and wider, and the absorption spectrum is more matchable to solar spectrum than PT‐CDT, while the maximum absorption wavelength of PCNT‐CDT has an obvious red shift; the two designed materials show strong intramolecular and intermolecular charge transfer properties; PCNT‐CDT owns a large open‐circuit voltage and low reorganization energy, as well as high hole mobility. Therefore, the newly designed PCNT‐CDT can be a potential donor material of organic solar cell. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Photoinduced degradation of organic solar cells with different microstructures

An in situ measurement setup is established to investigate the photoinduced degradation effects in a controllable inert gas ambient environment for the two different microstructures of poly(3-hexylthiophene)(P3HT) and [6,6]-phenyl-C61-butyricacid methyl ester(PCBM) bulk-heterojunction organic solar cells. The two devices are fabricated with the solvent vapor drying process followed by a thermal annealing(vapor drying device) and only a normal thermal annealing process(control device), respectively. Their power conversion efficiencies(PCEs) and aging features are compared. Their different degradation behaviors in light absorption are confirmed. In addition, irradiation-induced changes in both nanostructure and surface morphology of the P3HT:PCBM blend films treated with two different fabrication processes are observed through scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. Aggregated bulbs are observed at the surfaces for control devices after light irradiation for 50 h, while the vapor drying devices exhibit smooth film surfaces, and the corresponding device features are not easy to degrade under the aging measurement. Thus the devices having solvent vapor drying and thermal annealing show better device stabilities than those having only the thermal annealing process.     

石墨烯衍生物作为有机太阳能电池界面材料的研究进展

本文综述了石墨烯及其衍生物作为界面材料在有机太阳能电池中的应用, 包括作为阳极界面层、阴极界面层和叠层电池中间层等方面. 氧化石墨烯由于较好的透光性, 易于分散在水溶液中与溶液加工等优点已被应用在有机太阳能电池中. 对氧化石墨烯作为阳极界面层的研究包括通过部分还原或掺杂提高其导电性、通过引入高负电性原子提高其表面功函数, 以及通过与其他材料复合提高性能等. 同时, 本文综述了石墨烯衍生物及复合材料作为有机太阳能电池阴极界面层和叠层电池中间层的研究. 最后本文展望了石墨烯及其衍生物在有机太阳能电池与有机无机复合钙钛矿太阳能电池中的应用前景.     

Rubrene作电子传输层的异质结有机太阳能电池

以Rubrene为电子传输层(ETL),制备了结构为ITO/MoO3(5nm)/Rubrene(50nm)/C60(45nm)/Rubrene(0,3,5.5,9.5nm)/Al(130nm)的有机太阳能电池.与没有ETL的器件相比,含5.5nmRubrene的电池的开路电压、填充因子、功率转换效率分别从0.68V,0.488,0.315%增加到0.86V,0.574,0.490%.实验结果分析表明:热的Al原子直接沉积在C60上,破坏了C60层,形成高功函数的C60/Al阴极,弱化内建电场,降低电池性能;当插入ETL后,C60层得到保护,热的Al原子沉积破坏了Rubrene层,形成了缺陷态能级,提高电池的内建电场,促进了电子的传输.进一步的单电子电池实验表明,缺陷态能级低于C60的最低未占据分子轨道.     

给体-受体型有机太阳电池光敏层的优化设计

针对有机给体-受体型异质结薄膜太阳电池，基于薄膜中的光学干涉效应和激子扩散理论建立模型，定量分析了有机层厚度对太阳电池性能的影响，通过限制有机光敏层厚度来控制由光学干涉效应引起的局部光子密度(光强度)的分布，进而优化有机层的吸收效率和激子扩散效率，以此达到提高器件光伏效率的目的.并通过实验进行了验证. 关键词： 有机太阳电池 给体-受体 优化设计 激子     

Photoconductivity as loss mechanism in organic solar cells

We observe that the reverse current under illumination in solar cells containing C₆₀ and ZnPc is dominated by a photoshunt. This shunt, not present in the dark, causes a linear current–voltage relation under illumination showing no saturation. Although observable in bulk heterojunctions, this effect is more pronounced in the presence of a pristine C₆₀ layer. An internal quantum efficiency larger than unity under an applied negative voltage and in the spectral range where C₆₀ absorbs identifies charges which are injected in addition to those photogenerated. The photoshunt is also present in the power‐generating region and represents a loss mechanism limiting the fill factor in particular for flat heterojunction devices. (© 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

The effect of annealing treatment on the performance of bulk heterojunction solar cells with donor and acceptor different weight ratios

Bulk heterojunction organic solar cells(OSCs) based on the blend of poly(2-methoxy-5(2'-ethyl-hexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene(MEH-PPV) and [6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester(PCBM) with different weight ratios(from 1:3 to 1:5) have been fabricated and the effect of annealing treatment on the performance of OSCs has also been studied.Experimental results point to the best optimized doping concentration 1:4 for MEH-PPV:PCBM.Furthermore,it is found that the devices with annealing treatment at 150℃ with ...