三维漏斗中颗粒流量及其相关因素研究

用三维沙漏实验研究了改变颗粒尺寸、漏斗开口尺寸和倾角条件下,漏斗中颗粒流量变化.应用Matlab软件拟合出流量与漏斗倾角以及颗粒尺寸的关系,并对实验现象给出了定性分析.     

激光穿透焊的三维数值模拟

本文对激光穿透焊进行了三维数值模拟，除考虑焊接速度影响外，还研究了Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ对流对熔池流动与传热的影响。将三维数值模拟结果与相应的二维模拟结果进行了比较，结果表明，Ｍａｒａｎｇｏｎｉ对流对熔池的形成有很大的影响，因此不可忽略。本文还给出了估计激光穿透焊中蒸气孔尺寸与焊接热效率的方法。     

风沙流中颗粒剪应力分析

分析了两种颗粒剪应力的定义,一种来自于颗粒黏性阻力,一种来自于颗粒相雷诺应力。通过建立三维风沙流离散颗粒模型,计算分析了这两种颗粒剪应力的差别。结果表明,除了近地面附近,这两种颗粒剪应力基本相等。而在近地面附近,来自于颗粒相雷诺应力的颗粒剪应力小于来自于颗粒黏性阻力的颗粒剪应力,这种差别的主要原因是由于在近地表而附近,颗粒碰撞会产生附加碰撞剪应力。     

三维射流中颗粒碰撞的直接数值模拟

采用硬球模型对三维气同两相射流中Stokes数为10的中等颗粒的碰撞行为进行了直接数值模拟,以初步考察两相流动中颗粒碰撞的特件.颗粒的跟踪采用单向耦合的Lagrangian方法,计算分析了颗粒碰撞随空间、时间的演化及其对颗粒分布不均匀性的影响.模拟结果表明颗粒碰撞主要分布在流场巾颗粒局部浓度较高的区域;由于射流初期大尺度涡结构的影响,颗粒的浓度分布最为不均,因此碰撞次数在这一时期随时间呈线性增加,达到最大值后逐渐回落趋于平缓.此外,对网格中颗粒个数分布的矩的统计发现,碰撞对颗粒分布不均匀性的影响随时间呈现不同的特性.     

双漏斗肥皂膜实验的研究

研究双漏斗肥皂膜实验中肥皂膜的形状、特性以及它随两漏斗距离的变化过程.从理论上导出并经实验验证一个重要结论:两漏斗口的最大距离等于其半径的1.325倍,然而这一点常常被忽视.     

自由电子激光三维数值模拟

在不降低计算精度条件下,保持FELEX程序的基本框架,我们采用了自接法,变量变换,制表等一系列改进措施,使自由电子激光三维模拟计算缩短了一到二个量级的CPU时间,并在PC386/25上实现了运行程序。     

斜面上颗粒物质冲击力的实验研究

通过实验研究了颗粒在斜面上的流动现象,考察了同一倾角下,颗粒流动产生的冲击力F与颗粒直径D和滑移距离L的关系,并给出了在垂直于颗粒流动方向的横截面上,饱和冲击力Fb的分布.     

等离子体反应器中传热与流动的三维数值模拟

本文采用我们新发展的三维计算机程序,对有载气和颗粒从单个喷孔侧向喷射的等离子体反应器中的传热与流动以及颗粒的运动轨迹与加热历程进行了三维数值模拟,并与相应的二维数值模拟结果进行了比较。模拟结果表明侧向喷入的载气所引起的三维流动效应相当明显,不同的颗粒在反应器内的运动轨迹与加热历程也有明显差别。     

人舌三维温度场的实验研究与数值模拟

直接采用人舌血管铸型进行三维温度场的实验研究与数值计算.体现出依据生物体的真实形状和真实受热状态而进行的生物传热研究.仍以Pennes方程为基准方程,对自然形态和实际传热状态下的人舌舌体三维温度场进行了重构,计算结果与红外热像测试结果趋于一致.意义在于,以此为技术平台,可通过变换多种生物参数的方法获取不同的舌体三维温度分布与测取中医不同证候的舌热像进行比较,获取特定证候具有的相应生物参数值,由此研究生物传热与传统医学的相关性.     

Three-dimensional clogging structures of granular spheres near hopper orifice

The characteristic clogging structures of granular spheres blocking three-dimensional granular flow through hopper outlet are analyzed based on packing structures reconstructed using magnetic resonance imaging techniques.Spheres in clogging structures are arranged in a way with typical features of load-bearing,such as more contacting bonds close to the horizontal plane and more mutually-stabilized contact configurations than packing structures away from the orifice.The requirement of load-bearing inevitably leads to the cooperativity of clogging structures with a correlation length of several particle diameters.This correlation length being comparable with the orifice diameter suggests that a clogging structure is composed of several mutually-stabilized structural motifs to span the orifice perimeter,instead of a collection of independent individual spheres to cover the whole orifice area.Accordingly,we propose a simple geometric model to explain the unexpected linear dependence of the average size of three-dimensional clogging structures on orifice diameter.     

Jamming patterns in a two-dimensional hopper

We report experimental studies of jamming phenomenon of monodisperse metal disks falling through a two-dimensional hopper when the hopper opening is larger than three times the size of the disks. For each jamming event, the configuration of the arch formed at the hopper opening is studied. The cumulative distribution functionsf _d (X) for hoppers of opening sized are measured. (HereX is the horizontal component of the arch vector, which is defined as the displacement vector from the center of the first disk to the center of the last disk in the arch.) We found that the distribution off _d (X) can be collasped into a master curveG(X) = f _d (X)μ(d) that decays exponentially forX > 4. The scaling factorμ(d) is a decreasing function ofd and is approximately proportional to the jamming probability.     

Factors influencing the density profiles of granular flux in a two-dimensional inclined channel

The two-dimensional dilute granular flow on a smooth incline bounded by rough sidewalls is investigated experimentally, and the transverse density profiles of granular flux (ζ = ρ v) across the channel are measured. The results show that the transverse density profiles of granular flux are symmetric about the channel center and that the density of granular flux near the boundary is clearly lower than that of the center. There is a critical width of channel W _c for the transition of the density of granular flux. The density of granular flux near the boundary decays with the increasing of inclination (sinθ) of the channel. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10274071) and the Department of Education of Zhejiang Province (Grant Nos. 20050916 and y200804093)     

颗粒物质内自旋小球运动行为的数值模拟研究

针对大耳沙蜥在沙子中的运动行为,以球形物体为研究对象,利用3维离散元数值模拟程序LIGGGHTS模拟了旋转运动模式对颗粒物质中球形物体平动和上升/下降行为的影响,定量分析了旋转速度以及颗粒间摩擦系数等因素的具体影响.研究结果表明:球形物体与颗粒物质基底颗粒间的摩擦系数以及球形物体的自转角速度对球形物体的运动有明显影响,摩擦系数越大物体运动越明显,自转角速度越大物体运动越明显.该结果比较好地解释了沙漠生物外表具有鳞片的原因.     

Numerical simulation of two-dimensional granular shearing flows and the friction force of a moving slab on the granular media

This paper studies some interesting features of two-dimensional granular shearing flow by using molecular dynamic approach for a specific granular system.The obtained results show that the probability distribution function of velocities of particles is Gaussian at the central part,but diverts from Gaussian distribution nearby the wall.The macroscopic stress along the vertical direction has large fluctuation around a constant value,the non-zero average velocity occurs mainly near the moving wall,which forms a shearing zone.In the shearing movement,the volume of the granular material behaves in a random manner.The equivalent friction coefficient between moving slab and granular material correlates with the moving speed at low velocity,and approaches constant as the velocity is large enough.     

二维颗粒流通道宽度效应的分子动力学模拟

通过用分子动力学方法对颗粒物质流的计算机模拟，研究发现增大通道宽度可以使二维颗粒流从稀疏流转变为密集流状态.通过对不同通道宽度下，固定开口为9.5d的颗粒流和 漏斗口以上9.5d×8d区域记录的模拟结果分析，发现随通道宽度增大，密度变大、温 度降低.当“颗粒温度”T较低时(T/m<0.05 J/kg),颗粒流内部接触数开始超过1.2 ，同时出现较为牢固的横向链状颗粒团簇，是造成流量突变以及密集流的原因. 关键词： 颗粒物质 颗粒流 计算机模拟     

Numerical simulations in granular matter: The discharge of a 2D silo

In this paper I give a short and elementary review of numerical simulations in granular assemblies, giving the process of discharge of a 2D silo as an example. The strengths and limitations of different approaches are discussed, together with some comments on the specific issues related to the numerics of discontinuous dissipative collisions.      

增强辉光放电等离子体离子注入的三维PIC／MC模拟

采用三维粒子模拟／蒙特卡洛模型自洽地模拟了增强辉光放电等离子体离子注入过程中离子产生和注入,获得了放电空间的离子总数、电势分布、等离子体密度分布和离子入射剂量等信息．模拟结果表明,5μs时鞘层达到稳定扩展,15μs时离子的产生与注入达到平衡,证实了增强辉光放电等离子体离子注入能在一定条件下实现白持的辉光放电．注入过程中,在点状阳极正下方存在一个高密度的等离子体区域,证实了电子聚焦效应．除靶台边缘外,离子的注入速率稳定且入射剂量均匀．脉冲负偏压提高时注入速率增加但入射剂量的均匀性变差．     

瓶颈开口角对二维颗粒流的影响

实验研究了平面传送带上颗粒流的特性，主要包括传送带出口处开口宽度以及瓶颈开口角度对颗粒流的影响.实验结果发现，改变瓶颈开口角度θ，当θ大于15°时，颗粒流量Q随着cosθ呈线性变化.同时，颗粒流量Q与传送带速度v以及开口大小R也密切相关，而在θ小于15°时，颗粒流量Q基本不随开口角度变化.     

边界条件对二维斜面颗粒流颗粒分布的影响

实验研究了粗糙边界条件、不同通道宽度以及不同斜面倾斜角下二维颗粒流的颗粒分布 ，发现颗粒流在稀疏流状态下尽管在现象上表现出类似流体的性质，但由于颗粒流系统的能 量耗散,所以颗粒流的速度和密度分布和牛顿流体完全不同，颗粒流在通道中的分布既受通 道宽度的影响同时也受重力场的影响，颗粒在通道中以通道中轴线呈对称分布，通道两侧的 颗粒密度明显高于通道中间，由于通道中颗粒受剪切力的作用，导致颗粒在通道中的密度分 布的变化，通道边界粗糙度明显影响着颗粒流横向分布. 关键词： 二维颗粒流 颗粒物质 稀疏流