几种典型化学物质的电离层释放效应研究

建立了一个包括中性释放气体扩散、离子化学反应及等离子体扩散等过程的化学物质电离层释放三维动力学模型,基于该模型构建了化学物质释放数值模拟软件平台,对H₂O,CO₂,H₂和SF₆等几种典型化学物质的电离层释放进行了数值模拟,给出了这些物质在电离层释放后产生的扰动特性和释放区域主要粒子的时空变化规律. 关键词： 典型化学物质释放 三维动力学模型 电离层扰动效应     

基于化学物质释放的电离层闪烁抑制方法研究

中低纬地区经常发生的电离层闪烁,严重影响卫星链路的无线电信号传播过程,导致卫星通信导航信号质量下降,甚至中断.在电离层闪烁发生前的酝酿生成期,通过向电离层闪烁"种子因素"的等离子体泡内释放电子密度增强类化学物质,填充等离子体泡,改变等离子体环境特性,调控电离层动力学过程,能够降低电离层等离子体不稳定性增长率,进而抑制闪烁的发生.本文开展了基于化学物质释放的电离层闪烁抑制理论及方法研究,根据化学物质释放对电离层等离子体环境的影响,定量计算控制因素改变对不稳定性增长率的贡献,建立了基于电子密度增强类化学物质释放的电离层闪烁抑制物理模型,仿真了等离子体泡的填充过程及等离子体不稳定性增长率的演化过程.仿真结果表明该方法具有较好的闪烁抑制效果,为我国中低纬地区卫星信号电离层闪烁抑制研究奠定了理论基础.     

不同释放高度的化学物质的电离层扰动特性

在电离层释放H₂O, CO₂, H₂和SF₆等中性气体能导致释放区域电子损耗, 形成明显的人工电离层洞, 是电离层人工变态的重要而有效的手段之一. 本文在改进电离层化学物质释放三维动力学模型的基础上, 对不同释放量级的H₂O 和SF₆在不同释放高度下产生的电离层洞形态结构及其时空演化规律进行了系统对比研究, 探讨了释放高度对化学物质释放电离层扰动效果、电离层洞形态及其动力学特性等的影响, 并对其成因进行了分析. 关键词： 化学物质释放 电离层扰动 人工电离层洞 三维动力学模型     

电离层钡云释放早期动力学行为的数值模拟

在中性钡云扩散动力学模型的基础上,考虑钡原子的氧化和电离损耗, 探讨了钡云释放早期(t≤ 100 s)的演化基本特征、钡云形态、亮度以及电子密度分布等问题. 得到了不同释放量(1, 10 kg)、不同释放高度(250, 300 km)和不同初始形状因子(1, 10) 条件下钡云释放早期动力学行为的数值模拟结果.     

人工电离层洞形态调制及其对短波传播的影响

本文在电离层中性气体点源扩散近似解的基础上,给出了多源释放动力学模型.分析了释放物质、释放高度、释放模式和释放量等因素对人工电离层洞形态调制的影响,并利用电离层短波三维数字射线追踪技术,对不同调制电离层洞的电波传播效应进行了数值模拟和分析. 关键词： 化学物质释放 人工电离层洞 形态调制 电波传播效应     

钡和铯释放的电离层扰动效应对比

碱金属或碱土金属在电离层释放后,迅速在太阳辐射作用下发生光电离,产生正离子和电子,形成人工等离子体云团.本文基于三维双成分流体模型,考虑释放区域水平风场的影响,探讨了钡和铯在电离层释放后的时空演化规律,并对钡和铯的电离层扰动效应进行了对比.模拟结果表明,不考虑中性风场时,生成的等离子体云团逐渐沿磁场被拉伸成椭球形结构,同时,膨胀的等离子体云会推开背景氧离子,在释放中心形成氧离子密度空洞,并在两侧产生两个对称的密度尖峰;水平风场的存在会使得生成的离子云逆风侧的密度梯度变陡,释放物质对背景氧离子的扰动也更大;对比钡与铯的释放结果发现,由于铯的扩散系数较小,钡云的膨胀更为迅速,Ba+云团的覆盖区域更广;而由于光电离率较大,释放相同质量下铯的离子产率更高;此外,Cs+的扫雪机效应比Ba+扫雪机更强,氧离子密度空穴和凸起处的扰动也更大.     

高功率微波在低电离层中的互作用效应分析

 高功率微波在低电离层中传输时会产生非线性效应。分析了低电离层中HPM的互作用效应，推导了HPM在低电离层中传输的互作用因子同初始场强和微波频率的关系，并对不同条件下振幅交调深度同两个脉冲的延迟时间之间的关系进行了理论研究与数值模拟。结果表明：改变脉冲的延迟时间，振幅交调深度的变化规律也随之改变；为了减少吸收衰减，低电离层中传输的HPM电波的干扰波电场初始振幅与特征等离子体电场振幅的比值应保持在10以下。     

高功率微波在低电离层中的互作用效应分析

高功率微波在低电离层中传输时会产生非线性效应。分析了低电离层中HPM的互作用效应,推导了HPM在低电离层中传输的互作用因子同初始场强和微波频率的关系,并对不同条件下振幅交调深度同两个脉冲的延迟时间之间的关系进行了理论研究与数值模拟。结果表明：改变脉冲的延迟时间,振幅交调深度的变化规律也随之改变;为了减少吸收衰减,低电离层中传输的HPM电波的干扰波电场初始振幅与特征等离子体电场振幅的比值应保持在10以下。     

电离层中释放六氟化硫效应的三维精细模拟研究

传统的六氟化硫电离层释放效应研究,一般建立的是点源释放模型,仿真结果精度有限.本文开展了电离层中释放六氟化硫的三维精细效应研究,在释放物扩散方程中加入了运载器飞行速度和姿态、释放物释放速度和流量、热层风场等参量对释放物扩散过程的影响;在等离子体扩散方程中考虑了地磁倾角和沿场扩散项对人工扰动结构等关键参数的影响,将二维等离子体扩散方程扩展到三维.同时,采用射线追踪方法,研究电离层人工扰动结构对短波传播路径的影响.本文的研究结果对研究电离层的动力学过程、电离层不均匀体的生成机制和演化规律有重要意义.     

超声药物释放空化动力学行为研究

以直径1 μm的脂质体为空化研究对象,从修正的Rayleigh空化方程入手,研究机械系数(MI)对300 kHz和1 MHz超声作用时空化效应的影响。脂质体的药物释放以超声作用前后脂质体中钙黄绿素的荧光强度为量度。模拟结果表明:在微泡振荡过程中,由超声波驱动产生的负向最大泡壁运动速度促使微泡半径从最大快速减小接近于零,微泡积聚到最大能量。对于300 kHz和1 MHz的激励超声,存在一个拐点(MI)值,当MI小于接近0.4时,1 MHz微泡半径变化幅度强于300 kHz;当MI>0.4时,300 kHz微泡半径变化幅度强于1 MHz。这一结果预示在此范围内,300 kHz的药物释放效果好于1 MHz。本研究为超声空化效应研究及超声药物释放应用提供了理论依据。     

氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应

发现和分析了氧碘化学激光中的增益光导效应。碘注入的不均匀等导致增益在该方向的不均匀。采用预混模型和Fabry Perot腔模型,推导了碘不均匀分布情况下的单重态氧的产额和激光束横向分布的解析表达式。计算结果表明,由于增益光导效应,引起激光横向分布的变化,可导致光束在碘注入方向的倾斜,以及输出功率的下降。     

气体滞留时间对高速沉积的微晶硅薄膜性能的影响分析

实现高速沉积对于薄膜微晶硅太阳电池产业化降低成本是一个重要手段.采用超高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积(VHF-PECVD)技术，实现了微晶硅硅薄膜的高速沉积，并通过改变气体总流量改变气体滞留时间，考察了气体滞留时间在化学气相沉积(CVD)过程中对薄膜的生长速率以及光电特性和结构特性的影响.采用沉积速率达到12?/s的高速微晶硅工艺制备微晶硅电池，电池效率达到了5.3％. 关键词： 气体滞留时间 高速沉积 微晶硅 超高频等离子体增强化学气相沉积     

Stability studies of alprazolam tablets: effects of chemical interactions with some excipients in pharmaceutical solid preparations

An HPLC method was developed to determine the stability of alprazolam (AL) as a pure drug and in monodrug pharmaceutical tablets. The main degradation product of AL tablets was isolated and fully characterized as triazolaminoquinoleine (TAQ). For a quantitative evaluation of the excipient effects in the pharmaceutical formulations, a 2^k fractionated factorial design was applied in the preparation of the different samples. The kinetic of degradation of AL in each formulation was followed by UV spectrophotometry. It was found that excipients like CMC and magnesium stearate favour degradation, while the rate of the reaction is decreased when lactose and starch were used as excipients. A mechanism for the interactions of AL with some excipients is postulated that explains the observed results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Synergistic effects on iodine release in potassium iodide solution by combination of ultrasound and visible light irradiations

Iodine release in potassium iodide solution has been investigated under the irradiations of ultrasound and visible light respectively and simultaneously. We have observed that the amount of iodine liberated under the combined irradiation of ultrasound and visible light is larger than the sum of that under the respective irradiations of ultrasound and visible light, indicating a synergistic effect of ultrasound and visible light irradiations. Based on the investigation of the reaction kinetics of iodine liberated, we have ascribed the synergistic effect to the perfect stirring of the photochemical reactor induced by the applying simultaneous ultrasound. The ideal stirring can result in the homogenization of the primary light effect in the whole reaction medium, which induces the acceleration of the photochemical reaction. On behavior of our knowledge, there are few reports on the investigations of utilizing the combination of ultrasonic energy and light energy to accelerate the reaction yield and rate as well as the kinetics of the reaction.     

First report on the persist time of the free radical produced by shock wave pulses employed in clinical ESWL

The shock wave used in extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) induces strong cavitation and generates a large amount of free radicals (FR). In order to evaluate the harmfulness of FR in the ESWL, information on the incidence and persist time of FR caused by shock waves is required. FR markers can estimate the amount of FR generated, but not how long the FRs will survive. The OH* FR generated by the ESWL shock wave reacts with luminol and emits blue light, which is called sonochemical luminescence (SCL) phenomenon. In this study, FR generation and persist time were measured by recording SCL phenomenon with a sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) that responds in nanoseconds. As a result of measurement with the PMT, when the electromagnetic shock wave used in clinical practice was irradiated to the luminol solution, the amount of light emitted per unit time reached its maximum value within a very short time (< ∼600us) and then exponentially decreased for a long time (∼several hundred ms). The measured FR persist time reaches a maximum of 1000 ms. As the output setting of the shock wave generator increases, the minimum or average FR persist time increases, but the maximum value does not show a high correlation with the output setting. The amount of generated FR shows a very high correlation with the shock wave setting, and when the setting is changed from low to high, it increases very sensitively, rapidly and non-linearly. In order to reduce the risk of FR in patient treatment using lithotripsy, the output setting of the shock wave should be minimized, and the interval between the shock wave pulses should be sufficiently larger than the FR persist time. Therefore, it is recommended to avoid increasing the output setting and setting the shock wave irradiation frequency below 1 Hz to shorten the treatment time in clinical practice. For the purpose of formulating these recommendations, additional studies on the generation and persist time of FR depending on the shock wave generation method and set conditions in living tissue or similar environment are required in the future.     

Novel effects produced on a two dimensional electron gas by introducing InAs dots in the plane of the quantum well

We show that the presence of InAs dots embedded in a host GaAs quantum well containing a two-dimensional electron gas dramatically modifies the cyclotron resonance (CR). Far-infrared CR measurements show two modes with different dispersions with applied magnetic field B. The lower-frequency mode, with a sub-linear dependence on B, is identified as a CR at low B, developing into a skipping orbit around the dot perimeters at higher B. This has not been previously observed for a system with randomly distributed scatterers. The higher-frequency mode is identified as a magnetoplasmon localised by the confining effect of the arrays of repulsive potentials due to the dots in the well.