预组织与协同策略助力离子液体高效可逆捕集低浓度二氧化碳

正二氧化碳(carbon dioxide,CO_2)是主要的温室气体,其在烟气中的体积分数大约为10%–15%。CO_2的大量排放对我们的生存环境和人类健康造成重要影响。因此,如何有效控制并减少CO_2的排放是21世纪人们所面临的严峻挑战之一。CO_2的捕集和存储(carbon dioxide capture and storage,     

Fundamentals in CO_2 capture of Na_2CO_3 under a moist condition

Capacity and kinetics of CO_2 capture of Na_2CO_3 were studied to determine the mechanism for CO_2 sequestration under ambient conditions. Bicarbonate formation of Na_2CO_3 was examined by a thermogravimetric analysis(TGA) under various CO_2 and water vapor concentrations and the accompanying structural changes of Na_2CO_3 were demonstrated by X-ray diffraction(XRD). Morphological variations were observed during the reaction of CO_2 capture through scanning electron microscope(SEM). Structural changes and morphological variations, which occurred during the course of the reaction, were then connected to the kinetic and exothermic properties of the CO_2 capture process from the XRD and SEM measurements. The results showed that the bicarbonate formation of Na_2CO_3 has two different pathways.For higher CO_2 and H_2O concentrations, the bicarbonate formation proceeded effectively. However, for lower CO_2 and H_2O concentrations, the reactions were more complicated. The formation of Na_2CO_3·H_2O from Na_2CO_3 as the first step, followed by the subsequent formation of Na_5H_3(CO_3)_4, and then the bicarbonate formation proceeds. To understand such fundamental properties in CO_2 capture of Na_2CO_3 is very important for utilization of Na_2CO_3 as a sorbent for CO_2 capture.     

铜配合物衍生铜-氧化亚铜催化剂的原位电合成及其对二氧化碳电还原制备C_2产物催化性能的研究

<正>二氧化碳(CO_2)是主要的温室气体,同时也是廉价、无毒、丰富、可再生的C_1资源~1。将CO_2转化为高附加值化学品具有碳资源合理利用和环境保护双重意义,近年来引起国内外的广泛关注。然而,由于CO_2热力学稳定、动力学惰性,其转化利用存在热力学和动力学的双重难题。采用电化学方法将CO_2转化为液体燃料和高附加值化学品,是     

MOFs限域Cu/ZnO_x超小纳米粒子催化CO_2选择加氢制甲醇

<正>随着近年来二氧化碳排放量急剧增加,有关二氧化碳作为碳资源利用的研究引起人们的广泛关注。将二氧化碳化学转化为高能量密度液体燃料或重要化学品如甲醇,是CO_2利用的理想方法之一。Cu/ZnO和Cu/ZrO_2是CO_2加氢制甲醇的重要催化剂,而金属与氧化物载体之间的界面结构在催化中起到了关键作用~1。在高温高压的反应条件下,催化剂颗粒生长和表面结构重组,易减少     

CO_2化工:离子微环境调控的CO_2绿色高效转化

二氧化碳(CO_2)是典型的温室气体,又是重要的可再生碳资源,实现CO_2的资源化利用是国际前沿和研究热点.结合本课题组的工作,本文总结和评述了离子液体特殊微观结构及离子微环境构筑、离子液体与CO_2间的相互作用机制、离子液体强化CO_2催化合成碳酸酯、CO_2电化学还原、CO_2生物催化还原方面的研究进展,并展望了未来发展方向.     

铜催化二氧化碳参与的烯烃的不对称还原羟甲基化反应

正J.Am.Chem.Soc.2017,139,17011~17014二氧化碳(CO_2)是大家熟知的温室气体分子,同时也是廉价易得、无毒、可再生的理想C1合成子.长期以来,科学家们在将CO_2转化为燃料和高附加值的化学品领域做了大量工作.然而,CO_2参与的不对称催化转化,尤其通过不对称碳-碳键形成反应制备具有光学活性化合物,一直是该领域中的重要挑战.四川大学化学学院余达刚课题组首     

Thermochemical splitting of CO2 on perovskites for CO production: A review

Energy supply dominated by fossil energy has been and remains the main cause of carbon dioxide emissions,the major greenhouse gas leading to the current grave climate change challenges.Many technical pathways have been proposed to address the challenges.Carbon capture and utilization(CCU) represents one of the approaches and thermochemical CO₂ splitting driven by thermal energy is a subset of the CCU,which converts the captured CO₂ into CO and makes it possible to achieve c...     

First assessment of Li_2O–Bi_2O_3 ceramic oxides for high temperature carbon dioxide capture

The capacity to capture CO_2 was determined in several stoichiometric compositions in the Li_2O–Bi_2O_3 system. The compounds(Li_7BiO_6, Li_5BiO_5, Li_3BiO_4 and LiBiO_2 phases) were synthesized via solid-state reaction and characterized by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and N2 adsorption techniques.The samples were heat-treated at temperatures from 40 to 750 °C under the CO_2 atmosphere to evaluate the carbonate formation, which is indicative of the capacity of CO_2 capture. Moreover, Li_7BiO_6 shows an excellent CO_2 capture capacity of 7.1 mmol/g, which is considerably higher than those of other previously reported ceramics. Li_7BiO_6 is able to react with CO_2 from 240 °C to approximately 660 °C showing a high kinetic reaction even at CO_2 partial pressure values as low as 0.05.     

多孔高分子材料对二氧化碳的捕获与转化

在温和的条件下,运用化学技术进行有效的碳捕获和碳转换是减少人为CO_2排放的重要途径。近年来,多孔有机聚合物(Porous organic polymers,POPs)由于其优异的CO_2吸附性能,被视为最具潜力的CO_2捕获材料而引起了广泛的关注。本文介绍了4种POPs的最新研究进展,包括金属有机骨架材料(Metalorganic frameworks,MOFs)、沸石咪唑酯骨架材料(Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks,ZIFs)、共轭微孔聚合物(Conjugated microporous polymers,CMPs)、共价有机骨架材料(Covalent organic frameworks,COFs),并对MOFs和CMPs作为催化剂和吸附剂在室温条件下CO_2的捕获与转化过程的相关实验研究工作进行了综述。     

金属有机框架离子交换得到的镍单位点催化剂用于二氧化碳电催化还原

正电催化还原二氧化碳制备碳氢化合物或液体燃料等是CO_2化学利用的重要途径,也是CO_2反应化学的主要内容~(1–4)。过渡金属单原子结构催化剂由于其独特的电子和几何特性,其在一些重要的化学反应中通常会表现与传统的纳米粒子或者原子簇完全不同的催化性能~(5–8)。但是,过渡金属单原子结构催化剂的制备以及电催化二氧化碳还     

利用手持技术改进测定乙醇分子结构实验

利用压强传感器代替排水集气法,改进测定乙醇分子结构实验的仪器装置,并探索最佳反应条件。另外,设计两个空白实验,结合压强变化曲线对实验误差进行相关讨论。     

光谱仪测试范围的扩展

由于石化行业的生产需要，其材质的使用具有多样性和广泛性，经常会出现顾客委托的测试样品的一个或几个元素跨越光谱仪现有测试程序测量范围的情况。本法通过对光谱仪测试原理的认识，根据光谱仪的测试能力及标样的采集，实现了一个或几个元素测量范围的扩展，并对其测量的影响因素进行了研究。     

Influence of viscosity of medium on processes of oxygen quenching of excited states of mesoporphyrin

The oxygen quenching rate constants for singlet and triplet excited states of the dimethyl ester of mesoporphyrin IX increase with decreasing viscosity of the medium and reach a maximum at a viscosity of approximately 0.4 mPa·sec, after which the rate constants begin to decrease. The drop in rate constant with increasing fluidity of the medium may be related to a nonequilibrium character of the elementary act in the interaction of the reactants in the solvent cage. In viscous media such as isopropyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and isoamyl alcohol, the reaction radius is greater than the sum of the radii of the reacting particles. The long-range character of these processes is due to the relatively weak dependence of the quenching probability on distance.Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Éksperimental'naya Khimiya, Vol. 25, No. 2, pp. 161–167, March–April, 1989.     

Dichroism of absorption and polarization of phosphorescence of molecules of the closed form of nitrobenzospirothiopyran

The spectral-polarization characteristics of absorption and phosphorescence of molecules of the initial form of nitro-substituted indolinospirobenzothiopyran were studied in oriented polyethylene films and in solutions with different polarity. An oscillator model of the electron transitions responsible for the formation of absorption and luminescence spectra was suggested. It was established that the principal differences in the spectral and photophysical properties of the compound studied and its oxygen-containing analog are associated with the fact that the electronegativity of the S atom is lower than that of the O atom. Translated fromIzvestiya Akademii Nauk. Seriya Khimicheskaya, No. 6, pp. 1143–1146, June, 1997.     

Determination of heats of detonation and influence of components of composite explosives on heats of detonation of high explosives

The heats of detonation of 20 simple high explosives and explosive mixtures were determined by means of an adiabatic detonation calorimeter designed by the authors. The results indicated that the performance of the instrument was reliable and the experimental data were very accurate. For explosive mixtures, there was a linear accumulative relationship between the heats of detonation of the explosive mixture and its components. Accordingly, the heats of detonation of explosive mixtures could be calculated directly from the heats of detonation of simple explosives and the characteristic heats of other components. The experiments showed that the gold or brass shell of the cylindrical charge could be substituted by a thick-walled porcelain shell, which had the advantage of cheapness.

     

物质分配系数的测定实验改进

实验教学目的是从解决实际问题出发,以实验技术训练和实验设计思想培养为目标。介绍了将单一的物质分配系数测定实验改进为综合实验,提高了实验效果及实验资源利用率。     

Neutral diterpenoids of oleoresins of five species of conifers of Transcarpathia

The compositions of the neutral diterpenoids of the oleoresins of five species of conifers growing in the Transcarpathia have been studied. It has been found that the oleoresins ofAbies alba M.,Larix decidua M., andPicea excelsa L. contain more than 50% of neutral diterpenoids. The group and qualitative compositions of the oxygen-containing diterpenoids have been determined. In the oleoresins ofAbies alba,Picea excelsa, andPicea abies tertiary alcohols — cis-abienol and isocembrol — predominate, while inLarix decidua the main component is the hydroxy ester larixyl acetate. Primary alcohols related to the resin acids have been found in all the oleoresins investigated. Features of the distribution of diterpenoids according to the species of conifers have been revealed. The results obtained are necessary for the chemotaxonomy of conifers of the family Pinceae.Novosibirsk Institute of Organic Chemistry, Siberian Branch, Academy of Sciences of the USSR. Translated from Khimiya Prirodynkh Soedinenii, No. 6, pp. 812–816, November–December, 1988.     

Calculation of enthalpies of hydrogenation of hydrocarbons

Sets of hydrogen molecule equivalents have been developed which permit the calculation of hydrogenation of different types of carbon-carbon bonds from ab initio total energies (3-21G and 6-31G* basis sets, and, to a more limited extent, for MP2/6-31G* data) of reactants and products. The calculated enthalpies of hydrogenation are in good agreement with experiment for unstrained molecules, with average errors on the order of 2 kcal/mol. The 6-31G* equivalents allow the enthalpies for strained molecules to be calculated accurately, but the 3-21G equivalents do not. The equivalents for both basis sets have been tested by calculating the enthalpies of hydrogenation of carbon-carbon bonds in nitrogen- and oxygen-containing organic molecules, free radicals, and classical carbocations. The results are in good agreement with experiment in most cases.     

非那雄胺合成工艺改进

非那雄胺能抑制5α-还原酶的活性,明显降低二氢睾酮水平,是一种治疗良性前列腺增生的有效药品。该合成工艺以甾烯酮酸为原料,将其与氯化亚砜反应,无须分离即与叔丁胺反应得17β-酰胺化合物,再氧化开环,环合,氢化,脱氢合成了非那雄胺。经元素分析、IR、1HNMR、13CNMR、MS分析表征了其结构。该法无须使用昂贵的2,2-二吡啶二硫化物和剧毒药品苯亚硒酸酐,且以乙酸铵代替氨气,降低了对设备的要求和腐蚀,更适用于工业生产。