窄带空芯反谐振光纤的制备及其模式转换应用研究

空芯反谐振光纤由于其优异的光学特性,如低非线性、超低群速度色散、低温度敏感性和高损伤阈值等,使其在大功率激光传输、量子通信、传感、航空航天等多个领域有着潜在的应用,成为未来最具发展潜力的特种光纤.由于空芯反谐振光纤能够将99.9%以上光场限制在光纤的空芯区域中,这也使其成为光纤滤波器、模式转换等领域的重要光子器件.本文针对980 nm单模激光器的迫切需求,研制了一种应用于980 nm多模激光转980 nm单模激光的空芯反谐振光纤,并对其应用进行了实验验证.     

内窥镜的红外激光传输用柔性空芯光纤的研制

通过理论计算确立了多功能介质-金属结构空芯光纤的结构参量,优化了液相镀膜法的有关条件,明确了具体制作参量。制作了以聚碳酸酯毛细管为基管的,高柔韧性的,可同时低损耗传输红外目标波长激光和可见导航光红外的空芯光纤。对光纤传输性能进行了测试。在2.94μm波长的Er∶YAG和0.63μm波长的红色半导体激光器的直线损耗分别为0.4 dB/m和3 dB/m。组装在医疗内窥镜中的柔性空芯光纤,在先端以0.9 cm半径135°角弯曲时,对Er∶YAG激光仍有近70%的传输效率;绿色导航光在内窥镜中的的损耗值为11 dB,绿色指示点在内窥镜的视窗中清晰可见。结果表明此种光纤在内窥镜的激光传输方面有重要的应用价值。     

Kagome光纤超快非线性光学研究进展

Kagome光纤(简称KGF)是一种不依赖带隙导光的新型空芯微结构光纤,其结构设计灵活、损伤阈值高、损耗低(高透区损耗可低至~40 dB/km)、支持宽带传输(500 nm),并可通过纤芯改变所充气体及调节气压实现光纤色散、非线性效应的有效调制,在强场物理、超快激光技术等领域研究中优势突出。基于KGF在超快光学中的重要意义,该文对近年来国际上关于KGF在非线性光学变频及超短脉冲压缩等领域的研究成果进行介绍,并对关键性应用技术进行简要分析,最后对其发展前景进行展望。     

空芯反谐振光纤与单模光纤的低损耗熔接研究

光子晶体光纤因具有设计自由、导光机制新颖等优势而被人们广泛关注。相比于带隙型光子晶体光纤和Kagome光纤,空芯反谐振光纤(HC-ARF)由于具有结构简单、单模导光、传输谱宽且损耗低的特点,在紫外/中红外光传输、高功率激光产生、非线性光学及传感等领域都具有很好的应用。但是HC-ARF要真正得到广泛应用,其与普通单模光纤的熔接必须简便且损耗低,然而,HC-ARF包层特殊的毛细管孔结构在熔接过程中容易坍塌,且其模场直径不同于普通单模光纤,故直接熔接时损耗很大。为此,引入一段纤芯直径为20μm的实芯大模场光纤作为模场过渡,实现了HC-ARF和普通单模光纤之间的熔接,熔接损耗由直接熔接的3dB降至0.844dB。     

空芯光子晶体光纤谐振腔的设计与优化

光纤环形谐振腔作为谐振式陀螺的关键部件,其对频率的敏感程度决定了陀螺的性能.空芯光子晶体光纤作为一种新型光纤可以有效地抑制谐振式陀螺中的各种光学噪声,具有广阔的应用前景.采用光叠加法对空芯光子晶体光纤谐振腔各参数对谐振腔的Q值、陀螺灵敏度的影响进行了仿真.通过计算分析表明,当耦合器插入损耗为0.04,激光器线宽为60 kHz,光纤长度为10m时,存在一个最佳耦合系数0.123,使得陀螺灵敏度最小值为0.572 5°/h.     

负曲率空芯光纤对飞秒超短脉冲光的压缩研究

为了实现对飞秒激光器产生的超短脉冲的进一步压缩,对近年来出现的一种新型负曲率空芯光纤展开了研究,并基于该光纤对800 nm飞秒激光进行了压缩实验。首先介绍了一种圆形玻璃管包层结构的负曲率空芯光纤,通过有限元方法对光纤的损耗特性进行计算,并与实验测试结果进行对比。然后利用广义非线性薛定谔方程对脉冲在光纤中的传输进行了模拟仿真。最后利用该光纤进行了超短脉冲压缩实验,将脉冲宽度为160 fs的钛宝石飞秒激光耦合进一段充高压氩气的圆形玻璃管包层结构的负曲率空芯光纤,通过光纤内反常色散和自相位调制的共同作用,得到84 fs的输出,实现脉冲的压缩,实验结果与仿真计算一致。这种新型的负曲率空芯光纤损伤阈值高、色散、非线性系数小且灵活可调,非常适用于超快领域研究。     

非线性吸收诱导掺镱光纤激光器中的光学双稳

研究了在掺镱光纤激光器中观察到的光学双稳态现象.激光信号光和驻留泵浦光的双稳特性来源于激光器在小信号和增益饱和两种情况下,掺镱光纤对信号的非线性吸收导致的激光器内腔非线性损耗.同时分析了把泵浦光中的光学双稳行为通过分叉的腔结构扩展到切换式双波长光纤激光器的可行性.     

微纳结构光纤光谱学

微纳结构光纤光谱学是指以空芯微结构或微纳光纤为样品池,光和物质在纤芯内部或表面进行相互作用的光谱学技术。本文回顾空芯和微纳光纤导光的基本原理,介绍气体、液体样品池构建的理论和方法,综述基于光谱吸收、光热、光声、荧光、拉曼等效应的微纳结构光纤光谱学的最新进展及今后可能的发展方向。微纳结构光纤对光场的束缚能力强、模场能量在空气中的比例高,可实现光和物质在其中的高效、长距离相互作用。微纳结构光纤样品池的采用,可提升传统光谱学系统的性能或构建新型的光谱学系统;应用传输光纤与其他光学元器件进行柔性连接,可促进光谱学仪器和传感器的小型化和实用化。     

保偏空芯光纤的研究进展

保偏光纤可以通过人为引入的高双折射,降低外界环境扰动引起的不可控双折射或偏振模色散给光纤传输带来的影响,在精密干涉传感、激光器系统、光通信等领域的应用中具有重要意义.相比传统实芯光纤受制于其纤芯高折射率材料的本征性缺陷,空芯光纤可以通过特定的微结构设计将光场限制在低折射率的空气纤芯中,具有低延迟、低色散、低非线性、高光致损伤阈值、抗干扰和可填充液体或气体的高灵活性等优势,因此保偏空芯光纤不仅能在上述应用领域发挥其性能的优势,还在高功率脉冲激光传输、生物化学分析等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.本文简要回顾了保偏空芯光纤的发展历程,对其中的设计思想和关键技术进行了讨论.     

空芯光纤中介质层材料色散的研究

提出一种根据实验测量的损耗谱曲线,通过曲线拟合等方法获得空芯光纤巾介质层薄膜材料色散性质的方法,并使用此方法得到了数种空芯光纤中常用的介质层材料在可见光与近红外Ⅸ域的色散柯西公式.将得列的介质层材料色散引入到空芯光纤传输损耗谱的理论计算中之后,相对于小考虑材料色散或者使用文献中提供的色散数据进行计算的结果,理论计算结果能更好地符合实验测量结果,从而能够在理论上更加准确地预估空芯光纤在可见光与近红外区域的低损耗窗口的位置.所获得的材料色散柯西公式对于空芯光纤的高性能化没计有重要的辅助作用.     

Recent advance in hollow-core fiber high-temperature and high-pressure sensing technology [Invited]

The pure-silica hollow-core fiber(HCF) has excellent thermostabilities that can benefit a lot of high-temperature sensing applications. The air-core microstructure of the HCF provides an inherent gas container, which can be a good candidate for gas or gas pressure sensing. This paper reviews our continuous efforts to design, fabricate, and characterize the hightemperature and high-pressure sensors with HCFs, aiming at improving the sensing performances such as dynamic range,sensitivity, and linearity. With the breakthrough advances in novel anti-resonant HCFs, sensing of high temperature and high pressure with HCFs will continuously progress and find increasing applications.     

Design and fabrication of hollow-core photonic crystal fibers for high-power ultrashort pulse transportation and pulse compression

We report on the recent design and fabrication of kagome-type hollow-core photonic crystal fibers for the purpose of high-power ultrashort pulse transportation. The fabricated seven-cell three-ring hypocycloid-shaped large core fiber exhibits an up-to-date lowest attenuation (among all kagome fibers) of 40 dB/km over a broadband transmission centered at 1500?nm. We show that the large core size, low attenuation, broadband transmission, single-mode guidance, and low dispersion make it an ideal host for high-power laser beam transportation. By filling the fiber with helium gas, a 74?μJ, 850?fs, and 40?kHz repetition rate ultrashort pulse at 1550?nm has been faithfully delivered at the fiber output with little propagation pulse distortion. Compression of a 105?μJ laser pulse from 850?fs down to 300?fs has been achieved by operating the fiber in ambient air.     

Polycarbonate hollow-core microstructured optical fiber

A hollow-core microstructured polymer optical fiber is fabricated from polycarbonate material and guidance by inhibited coupling in a two-layer structure is demonstrated in two strong transmission bands with minimum losses of 9.0 dB/m at 800 nm and 3.1 dB/m at 1550 nm. The latter corresponds to a loss well below the polycarbonate material loss at this wavelength, and to our knowledge it is the lowest loss hollow-core polymer fiber reported to date. The short-term operational temperature limit of the fiber is shown to be 135 degrees C, significantly higher than that of conventional polymer optical fibers made of other polymers.     

光子晶体光纤非线性光谱特性的理论与实验研究

光子晶体光纤具有特殊的导光机制和结构可调性,可以产生奇异的色散特性及高非线性,为非线性光纤光学领域的研究提供了新的条件。受多种非线性光学效应的共同作用,在不同泵浦光脉冲参数条件下,不同结构参数及传输特性的光子晶体光纤能产生丰富的非线性光谱。利用分步傅里叶方法求解非线性薛定谔方程,模拟飞秒激光脉冲在光子晶体光纤中的传输过程,获得输出光谱与入射光脉冲参数(泵浦光峰值功率P、泵浦光波长λ、光脉冲形状、光脉冲宽度T_FWHM)、光纤结构参数(孔间距Λ、空气填充比d/Λ、光纤长度z)、传输特性(色散、非线性系数)的关系,分析拉曼孤子、色散波、自相位调制等非线性效应产生的光谱特性。利用光子晶体光纤包层节区进行非线性光学实验研究,获得了孤子波和色散波的宽带光谱输出。理论分析与实验测量的光谱中都包括了波长0.5 μm附近可见光波段的蓝移色散波、0.82 μm波段的剩余泵浦光、1.1 μm波段的孤子波、2 μm附近的红移宽带色散波。理论分析与实验测量结果一致,阐明光子晶体光纤中非线性光谱产生的物理原理,实现了对宽带光谱的可控输出,为高非线性光子晶体光纤的结构设计、制备及非线性光谱的应用研究奠定基础。     

Large-pitch kagome-structured hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

We report the fabrication and characterization of a new type of hollow-core photonic crystal fiber based on large-pitch (approximately 12 microm) kagome lattice cladding. The optical characteristics of the 19-cell, 7-cell, and single-cell core defect fibers include broad optical transmission bands covering the visible and near-IR parts of the spectrum with relatively low loss and low chromatic dispersion, no detectable surface modes and high confinement of light in the core. Various applications of such a novel fiber are also discussed, including gas sensing, quantum optics, and high harmonic generation.     

国产中红外光纤的研制及其应用研究

中红外光纤与红外光谱仪联用能够用于原位、远距离和在体的无创检测。对国产中红外光纤进行改装 ,对光纤的导光性能和用于测定进行研究。采用新的设计 ,研制出单根裸光纤可减少能量损耗 ,使得光谱信噪比提高。对水、乙醇体系以及肿瘤样品进行了光谱测定 ,得到了比较好的结果 ,表明国产光纤可以用于一般样品及生物样品的检测。     

4 × 4 Plastic Optical Fiber Star Coupler Incorporated with a Common Polymer Waveguide Optical Power Distribution Region

Abstract

Two types of 4 × 4 plastic optical fiber star couplers incorporated with a polymer waveguide as the optical power distributor are proposed, and their high performances are demonstrated. The characteristics of the proposed star coupler are investigated based on ray optics, and its power distribution performance is evaluated in terms of the flatness of the coupling ratio and the amount of the excess loss. Under the best conditions, the flatness of the coupling ratio and the excess loss of the fabricated device have been obtained as 2.0 dB and 2.5 dB, respectively.     

Low loss broadband transmission in hypocycloid-core Kagome hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

We report on the fabrication of a seven-cell-core and three-ring-cladding large-pitch Kagome-lattice hollow-core photonic crystal fiber (HC-PCF) with a hypocycloid-shaped core structure. We demonstrate experimentally and theoretically that the design of this core shape enhances the coupling inhibition between the core and cladding modes and offers optical attenuation with a baseline of ～180?dB/km over a transmission bandwidth larger than 200?THz. This loss figure rivals the state-of-the-art photonic bandgap HC-PCF while offering an approximately three times larger bandwidth and larger mode areas. Also, it beats the conventional circular-core-shaped Kagome HC-PCF in terms of the loss. The development of this novel (to our knowledge) HC-PCF has potential for a number of applications in which the combination of a large optical bandwidth and a low loss is a prerequisite.     

Hollow-core tapered coupler for large inner diameter hollow-core optical fibers

A novel hollow-core tapered coupler has been theoretically designed and fabricated by fiber drawingmachine. The coupler's inner wall is coated with a polycrystalline GeO_2 film. The coupling loss ofhollow-core tapered coupler is about 0.2 dB. Hollow-core tapered coupler reduces the transmission loss ofhollow-core optical fiber(HCOF) by 0.5 dB/m, therefore the coupler is suitable for coupling high powerCO_2 laser in industrial application.     

Low optical insertion-loss and vacuum-pressure all-fiber acetylene cell based on hollow-core photonic crystal fiber

We report a novel and easy-to-implement hollow-core photonic crystal fiber cell fabrication technique based on helium diffusion through silica. The formed gas cells combine low optical insertion loss (1.8 dB) and vacuum acetylene pressure (microbar regime). The estimates of the final gas pressure, using both Voigt interpolation and electromagnetically induced transparency, show a good match with the initial fitting pressure.