保偏空芯光纤的研究进展

保偏光纤可以通过人为引入的高双折射,降低外界环境扰动引起的不可控双折射或偏振模色散给光纤传输带来的影响,在精密干涉传感、激光器系统、光通信等领域的应用中具有重要意义.相比传统实芯光纤受制于其纤芯高折射率材料的本征性缺陷,空芯光纤可以通过特定的微结构设计将光场限制在低折射率的空气纤芯中,具有低延迟、低色散、低非线性、高光致损伤阈值、抗干扰和可填充液体或气体的高灵活性等优势,因此保偏空芯光纤不仅能在上述应用领域发挥其性能的优势,还在高功率脉冲激光传输、生物化学分析等领域展现出广阔的应用前景.本文简要回顾了保偏空芯光纤的发展历程,对其中的设计思想和关键技术进行了讨论.     

基于空芯反谐振光纤的三芯结构宽带耦合器设计

提出一种基于三芯结构空芯反谐振光纤的太赫兹耦合器。采用有限元分析法对太赫兹光纤的模式特性进行分析,并基于耦合理论得到其耦合特性曲线。仿真结果表明,三芯结构模式具有比单芯结构更低的传输损耗,其耦合长度可通过改变纤芯间隔和隔离包层管的间隙进行调节。采用长度为223.2 mm的三芯结构空芯光纤可以实现插入损耗小于3.5 dB、带宽达到0.52 THz的宽带、均匀分束。     

螺旋光纤传输特性的实验分析

通过对螺旋光纤传输特性的分析，提出了一种测量螺旋光纤本地模特性的新方案，并从实验上进行了测量验证，所得的实验结果和理论结果符合得很好。     

窄带空芯反谐振光纤的制备及其模式转换应用研究

空芯反谐振光纤由于其优异的光学特性,如低非线性、超低群速度色散、低温度敏感性和高损伤阈值等,使其在大功率激光传输、量子通信、传感、航空航天等多个领域有着潜在的应用,成为未来最具发展潜力的特种光纤.由于空芯反谐振光纤能够将99.9%以上光场限制在光纤的空芯区域中,这也使其成为光纤滤波器、模式转换等领域的重要光子器件.本文针对980 nm单模激光器的迫切需求,研制了一种应用于980 nm多模激光转980 nm单模激光的空芯反谐振光纤,并对其应用进行了实验验证.     

GeO2—Sb2O3—K2O玻璃空芯光纤材料的光学特性研究

系统地研究了传输ＣＯ２激光用的新型光材料ＧｅＯ２－Ｓｂ２Ｏ３－Ｋ２Ｏ玻璃空芯光纤的光学特性。通过理论计算，得到了该材料ｎｒ＜１的波长范围，消光系数Ｋ和损耗数ａ，通过工艺和材料的选择，使ａ理论值达到０．０５ｄＢ／ｍ。同时讨论了ＨＥ１１，ＴＭ０１，ＴＥ０１模式损耗和频率的关系。     

空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤整体空气孔包层导光特性研究

 传统光纤包层中仅存在泄漏的倏逝波,能量较小,不利于包层传感的应用。增大包层中的能量,实现整体包层导光是提高光纤传感灵敏度的有效途径。从理论上分析了利用空芯带隙型光子晶体光纤(HC-PCF)包层进行导光的机理。在实验上选用带隙外的冷光源和激光对一种典型结构的HC-PCF进行了空气孔包层的导光实验,并利用折射率引导型光子晶体光纤和单模光纤进行对比实验。结果表明,带隙范围外光波在HC-PCF中传输时将不受禁带效应的约束泄露至包层中重新分布。包层中SiO2与空气孔的周期型结构将光波约束在高折射率介质中,实现HC-PCF整体空气孔包层中光波的稳定传输。PBG-PCF包层的整体导光在传感上有提高灵敏度的潜在价值。     

保偏光纤传输损耗与光偏振状态的研究

本文对截止波长为0.85μm的椭芯保偏光纤测试了其传输损耗系数与入射光波长及偏振态的关系。给出了测试原理和实验装置,并分析了实验结果。     

折射率导模高双折射光子晶体光纤

与传统光纤相比,光子晶体光纤芯区与包层之间具有更高的折射率差,并且制作过程中可以灵活地制造各种对称与非对称结构,这为在光子晶体光纤中实现高双折射提供了可能。应用全矢量模型分析一种折射率导模高双折射光子晶体光纤,其包层采用两种尺寸的空气孔,使该光纤具有二重旋转对称性,原来简并的两个正交偏振模不再简并,呈现出较高的双折射,模式双折射比普通的保偏光纤高至少一个量级。分析结果表明,在波长1540nm,其拍长可达0．4067mm。理论分析结果与实验测量结果相吻合。     

基于反谐振空芯光纤的中红外TDLAS系统设计及应用实验研究

针对燃烧诊断在2～3μm波长的光谱测量需求，设计并搭建了基于反谐振空芯光纤的可调谐半导体吸收光谱（TDLAS）测量装置，开展了高温水汽在2.5μm波长吸收光谱的定标与测量研究。在2～5μm中红外波段，反谐振空芯光纤可实现低损、单模长距离传输，能够有效解决商用氟化物光纤多模干涉造成的TDLAS测量精度下降的问题。经所提TDLAS系统准直后光束的直径低至2.5 mm，发散角为0.004 rad，系统信噪比为31 dB，相比基于氟化物光纤的TDLAS系统，所提系统的性能得到了极大提升。进一步分析了反谐振空芯光纤中痕量水蒸气对于4029.52 cm-1谱线测量的影响，并通过抽真空的方式降低其影响，从而提高了系统的测量精度。     

多孔芯光子晶体光纤及其偏振特性

强激光与气体的长距离相互作用能产生许多新奇的物理效应,而自由空间光束的自聚焦、衍射、散射等问题限制了该科技领域的发展。本文提出了一种新型多孔芯光子晶体光纤,纤芯亚波长、低折射率空气孔可以传光,具有宽带、低损耗、单模传输特性。利用倏逝波耦合效应,研究了纤芯亚波长空气孔束缚光的原理。根据光波传输的电磁场理论,分析了低折射率空气孔中的光强增大效应。强光在空气孔中长距离传输,为光与物质的相互作用提供了新条件,可以用于气体传感、非线性光学、高集成光子技术、原子操控等。由于纤芯空气孔可以传光,改变空气孔的大小,直接影响模场分布,进而可以获得很高的结构双折射。通过光纤结构参数的合理设计,分别获得了B=4×10^-2的高双折射、纤芯直径5 μm的大模场高双折射、大模面积单偏振单模特性,在光纤偏振器、光纤滤波器、光开关及光纤传感等领域有广泛的应用前景,为新型光场调控提供了新方法。     

Theoretical analysis of feedback high birefringence fiber loop mirror for application in single-frequency fiber lasers

A feedback high birefringence fiber loop mirror with a piece of erbium-doped fiber and a polarization controller is newly proposed. When the erbium-doped fiber is properly pumped to offset the loss of the feedback ring in the loop mirror, narrowband transmission peaks with large effective free spectral range can be achieved by the intrinsic vernier effect between orthogonally polarized lights respectively traveling along the two primary axes of the high birefringence fiber. In addition, the side transmission suppression ratio can reach about 6 dB. These special properties are independent of the polarization state of the input signal, which makes it feasible for the proposed feedback high birefringence fiber loop mirror to be employed as a narrowband filter in single-frequency fiber lasers.     

The role of birefringence in modulation instability fiber ring resonators

We considered a high birefringence fiber ring cavity, which can be represented by a system of two incoherently coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with periodic boundary conditions. The stability of the system against time domain periodic perturbations could be strongly conditioned by fiber birefringence. We apply both a perturbative approach and a mean field approximation, in order to highlight the dependence of modulation instability on birefringence and ring detuning. We extend the study of the dynamical properties of the system by means of a phase matching interpretation and a selection of numerical solutions of the governing equations.     

Theoretical and experimental investigation of thermal effects in a high power Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser

In this paper, based on the thermal conduction equations and the steady-state rate equations, a theoretical and numerical analysis of thermal effects is investigated for a single end pumped Yb-doped double-clad fiber laser (YDDC). The distributions of signal power and temperature for different pump powers and fiber parameters are compared. According to the results, the parameters of the optical-cavity have been optimized and an effective method has been adopted to reduce the thermal effects in an experimental investigation. As a result, an output power of 621 W has been obtained with a slope efficiency of 78%.     

High energy femtosecond supercontinuum light generation in large mode area photonic crystal fiber

A large mode area photonic crystal fiber (LMA PCF) with an effective area of 180 μm² is used to generate a high energy, micro-joule range, flat, octave spanning supercontinuum (SC) extending from ~ 600 nm to ~ 1720 nm. A train of femtosecond pulses from a widely-tunable parametric amplifier pumped by a Ti:Sapphire regenerative amplifier system are coupled into a 20 cm length of LMA PCF generating a SC of 1.4 μJ energy. We present an experimental study of the high energy SC as a function of the input power and the pumping wavelength. The spectrum obtained at a pump wavelength of 1260 nm presents spectral flatness variation less than 12 dB over more than 1.1 octave bandwidth. The physical processes behind the SC formation are described in the normal and the anomalous dispersion regions. Our experimental results are successfully compared with the numerical solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation.     

锥形光纤模场直径极小值特征研究

模场直径是光纤波导基模的特征参量。单模光纤中的功率密度与模场直径成反比。随着光纤激光器单模输出功率的不断攀升,纤芯中的功率密度不断增加,过高的功率密度会使光纤波导产生光学损伤和热损伤。基于锥形光纤模场分布近似模型,研究发现不同参数的拉锥光纤模场直径最小值位置对应的归一化频点具有规律性。采用有限差分波束传播法（FD-BPM）对不同波长、不同数值孔径下纤芯直径和模场直径的对应关系进行模拟,结果表明:模场直径最小值位置在归一化频率1.8附近,与光纤参数和波长的选取没有直接关系。这个特征参数可为高功率激光在光纤中功率密度最大值位置的快速确定提供依据,也为光纤光学理论增加了新的内涵。     

阶跃型椭圆光纤的色散特性与几何双折射

本文采用计算介质波导色散关系的叠代矩量法计算阶跃型椭圆光纤两个基本偏振模式的传播常数、几何双折射及群折射率差.本方法简便、有效,能给出与精确数值计算吻合的结果.     

Elliptically birefringent optical fiber transmission characteristics

Abstract

This paper presents a rigorous analysis of spun hi-bi (highly birefringent) fibers, loosely categorized as elliptically bi fibers, via the initial value problem approach. Two kinds of transmission problem are treated. In the single-eigenmode transmission regime, it is found that the major technological difficulty inherent to spun hi-bi fibers concerns excitation of the eigenmode, which strictly requires that the launched light be exactly oriented in conformity with one or the other local principal axes of the fiber and, meanwhile, that the ellipticity of the launched light be exactly equal to the eigen-ellipticity of the same fiber. In the second kind of problem that involves the interaction of two eigenmodes, a basic result is derived to show that an arbitrary polarization mode of excitation will reproduce itself in integer multiples of the local beat length. Such a kind of transmission regime is relieved of the excitation difficulty but, because of being severely length-sensitive, is inherently impractical from the application viewpoint.     

Elliptically birefringent optical fiber transmission characteristics

This paper presents a rigorous analysis of spun hi-bi (highly birefringent) fibers, loosely categorized as elliptically bi fibers, via the initial value problem approach. Two kinds of transmission problem are treated. In the single-eigenmode transmission regime, it is found that the major technological difficulty inherent to spun hi-bi fibers concerns excitation of the eigenmode, which strictly requires that the launched light be exactly oriented in conformity with one or the other local principal axes of the fiber and, meanwhile, that the ellipticity of the launched light be exactly equal to the eigen-ellipticity of the same fiber. In the second kind of problem that involves the interaction of two eigenmodes, a basic result is derived to show that an arbitrary polarization mode of excitation will reproduce itself in integer multiples of the local beat length. Such a kind of transmission regime is relieved of the excitation difficulty but, because of being severely length-sensitive, is inherently impractical from the application viewpoint.     

V型高双折射光子晶体光纤超连续谱产生的实验研究

高非线性高双折射光子晶体光纤是超连续谱产生的最有效介质之一, 因此本文选取V型光子晶体光纤作为研究对象. 通过多极理论数值模拟的结果, 确定V型光纤具有高双折射、高非线性等特性. 通过实验手段, 发现入射光中心波长和光纤的双折射效应对产生的超连续谱有很大的影响: 当入射光波长处于光子晶体光纤大的反常色散区时, 脉冲相对展得比较宽, 长轴要比短轴方向的超连续谱更宽, 频谱成分更加丰富. 在同一波长下光偏振方向越接近45°时, 超连续谱谱宽范围越大. 随着入射脉冲功率的增加, 超连续谱展得越宽, 但是当功率比较大时会达到功率饱和. 关键词： 光子晶体光纤 高双折射 多极理论 超连续谱