钙离子光频标研究进展

钙离子光频标是原子光频标的成员之一。中国科学院精密测量科学与技术创新研究院(原武汉物理与数学研究所)从2000年开始选择钙离子为研究体系,先后解决了单离子稳定囚禁与有效冷却、超窄线宽激光稳频等一系列关键问题,特别是一步步抑制微运动和黑体辐射效应,实现了不确定度3.0×10^-18的液氮低温离子光频标和不确定度4.8×10^-18的室温离子光频标,稳定度达到6.3×10-18@52万秒。通过集成化设计,实现了不确定度1.3×10^-17、高鲁棒性的可搬运钙离子光钟,并基于该光钟实现了高程差测量应用。通过参考本地铯喷泉钟和本地时标,并远程溯源到国际秒定义,实现了不确定度达3.2×10^-16的钙离子光频跃迁绝对频率测量。钙离子光频跃迁被国际计量局推荐为新增的次级秒定义参考。     

囚禁冷却离子光频标

激光技术和冷原子物理的发展促进了冷原子光频标的研究.文章主要介绍了激光技术与光频标的关系,并重点介绍囚禁离子光频标的工作原理和相关的研究进展.     

囚禁冷却离子光频标

激光技术和冷原子物理的发展促进了冷原子光频标的研究.文章主要介绍了激光技术与光频标的关系,并重点介绍囚禁离子光频标的工作原理和相关的研究进展.     

离子光频标的原理和发展

人类对时间的计量历史可以追溯到几千年前,随着科学技术的发展与进步,人类对事件的计量精度也越来越精确。当前,世界上最精确的计时工具为光频标,可以达到百亿年不差一秒的水平。文章回顾了离子光频标的发展过程和当前的研究进展,简要介绍了钙离子光频标和量子逻辑铝离子光频标的原理及进展。     

离子光频标的研究进展和空间应用展望

现在人们正发展和评估新型的光频标的特点和应用.光频标由于其参考频率在1015的量级,比微波频率高出4—5个数量级,在相同的谱线线宽条件下,光频标的精度与微波频标相比具有很大的优越性,可望成为新的频率基准,有可能在微重力环境中得到应用.     

利用光频梳提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法

提出一种利用光频梳和可调谐半导体激光器提高台阶高度测量准确度的方法. 通过将可调谐激光器锁定至光频梳,可对激光器的输出波长进行精确锁定与测量.基于可调合成波长链原理,利用锁定后的半导体激光器构建了一套台阶高度测量方案,该方案可消除合成波长误差对台阶高度测量不确定度的影响. 采用一台可调谐半导体激光器和光频梳进行了5000 s的连续锁定实验, 结果表明,锁定后的可调谐半导体激光器的频率稳定度达 1.8×10^-12.该方法的理论测量不确定度约为7.9 nm, 且测量结果可溯源至时间频率基准.     

199Hg+光频标的黑体辐射频移

光学频率标准会受到环境温度的黑体辐射影响发生频移,进而影响其准确度. 本文估算了¹⁹⁹Hg⁺的超精细能级5d¹⁰6s²S_1/2 (F=0)和5d⁹6s^{2 2}D_5/2 (F=2)的极化率,得到了室温(300 K)下黑体辐射引起的相对频移为-5.4×10^-17, 最后讨论了低温环境下黑体辐射对¹⁹⁹Hg⁺光频标的影响.     

Fura—2双波长荧光法测定蟾蜍骨骼肌细胞肌浆中的自由钙离子浓度

本文对应用Ｆｕｒａ－２ＡＭ荧光法测定细胞肌浆中的自由钙离子浓度时几种影响其测量精度的因素进行了讨论，提出了用化学去膜方法加以改进。在此基础上，测量了处于静息状态时完整蟾蜍骨骼肌细胞肌浆内自由钙离子浓度，其值为（１１６．８±５．３）×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ，而常用的方法得出相应用结果为（１２２．２±４．１）×１０＾－９ｍｏｌ／Ｌ。     

激光大气成丝中的非线性光频转换

超快强激光在光学介质（如空气）中传播时由于克尔自聚焦效应和等离体散焦效应动态平 衡会发生一种独特的非线性激光成丝现象。激光成丝过程会诱导一些独特的物理现象,如非线性 光频转换产生超连续光谱、等离子体诱导高压放电、锥形辐射等,在大气传感、天气控制等研究 领域具有重要的应用前景。本文针对飞秒激光大气成丝过程中与传输介质相互作用所诱导的非线 性发光过程,介绍了激光大气成丝所产生的超连续光谱（白光）激光、谐波产生和太赫兹波辐射 三种非线性光频转换现象,并着重探讨了太赫兹波辐射的物理机理、研究现状和应用前景。     

太赫兹半导体激光光频梳研究进展

光频梳由一系列等间距、高稳定性的频率线组成.由于具有超高频率稳定性和超低相位噪声,光频梳在精密光谱测量、成像、通信等领域具有重要应用.在太赫兹波段,基于半导体的电抽运太赫兹量子级联激光器具有大功率输出、宽频率覆盖范围等特点,是产生太赫兹光频梳的理想载体.本文主要介绍基于太赫兹半导体量子级联激光器光频梳的研究进展,详细列举了自由运行、主动稳频和被动稳频模式下产生光频梳的方法.双光梳光谱可以克服传统太赫兹光谱仪需要机械扫描系统而难以实现实时光谱检测的难题,是光频梳应用的主要方向.在光频梳基础之上,本文还介绍了采用两个太赫兹量子级联激光器产生双光梳的方法和应用.     

Preliminary frequency measurement of the electric quadrupole transition in a single laser-cooled 40Ca+ ion

The trapping and laser cooling of ⁴⁰Ca⁺ ion on the way toward optical frequency standards have been developed. A single ⁴⁰Ca⁺ ion is trapped in the miniature Paul trap and laser cooled by two frequency-stabilized diode lasers. A commercial Ti:Sapphire laser system at 729 nm is referenced to a high-finesse cavity to meet the requirements of ultra narrow linewidth of the 4s²S_1/2-3d²D_5/2 electric quadrupole transition. Its center frequency is preliminarily measured to be 411 042 129 686.1 (2.6) kHz. The attempt to finally lock the 729-nm laser system to atomic transition is made. Further work to improve the accuracy of measurement and the stabilization of system locking is in consideration and preparation.      

Determining the structural phase transition point from the temperature of ~（40）Ca~＋ Coulomb crystal

We observed the linear-to-zigzag structural phase transition of a ^40Ca^＋ crystal in a homemade linear Paul trap. The values of the total temperature of the ion crystals during the phase transition are derived using the molecular-dynamics（MD） simulation method. A series of simulations revealed that the ratio of the radial to axial secular frequencies has a dependence on the total temperature that obeys different functional forms for linear and zigzag structures, and the transition point occurs where these functions intersect; thus, the critical value of the ratio of secular frequencies that drives the structure phase transition can be derived.     

New designed helical resonator to improve measurement accuracy of magic radio frequency

Based upon the new designed helical resonator, the resonant radio frequency (RF) for trapping ions can be consecutively adjusted in a large range (about 12 MHz to 29 MHz) with high Q-factors (above 300). We analyze the helical resonator with a lumped element circuit model and find that the theoretical results fit well with the experimental data. With our resonator system, the resonant frequency near magic RF frequency (where the scalar Stark shift and the second-order Doppler shift due to excess micromotion cancel each other) can be continuously changed at kHz level. For ⁸⁸Sr⁺ ion, compared to earlier results, the measurement accuracy of magic RF frequency can be improved by an order of magnitude upon rough calculation, and therefore the net micromotion frequency shifts can be further reduced. Also, the differential static scalar polarizability Δα₀ of clock transition can be experimentally measured more accurately.     

X-ray spectra induced in highly charged 40Arq+ interacting with Au surface

By use of optical spectrum technology, the spectra of X-ray induced by highly charged ⁴⁰Ar ^q+ ions interacting with Au surface have been studied. The results show that the argon Kα X-ray were emitted from the hollow atoms formed below the surface. There is a process of multi-electron exciting in neutralization of the Ar¹⁶⁺ion, with electronic configuration 1s² in its ground state below the solid surface. The yield of the projectile Kα X-ray is related to its initial electronic configuration, and the yield of the target X-ray is related to the projectile kinetic energy.     

Photoluminescence of an Yb3+/Al3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre

An Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is prepared based on photonic crystal fibre technology.The characteristic spectra of preforms and fibres are experimentally investigated.The results show that under a 971 nm excitation,besides the known infrared fluorescence luminescence around 1050 nm,a blue luminescence peak at 486 nm is obtained.Moreover,an unexpected emission peak at 730 nm is also observed.The photoluminescence mechanism of an Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is discussed.The emission peak at 486 nm is attributed to the cooperative upconversion resulting from pairs of Yb 3+ ions,and the emission peak around 730 nm is ascribed to the stimulated Raman scattering because of nonlinear effects of microstructured optical fibre.The Yb 3+ /Al 3+-codoped microstructured optical fibre is promising for varieties of applications from laser printing and optical recording to cancer treatments,such as photodynamic therapy.