PS/MWNT复合材料界面上的化学反应性

利用悬浮聚合法制备了可溶于甲苯的聚苯乙烯／多壁碳纳米管（PS／MWNT）复合材料,通过透射电镜观察到MWNT完全或部分被PS包裹。拉曼光谱分析表明,复合材料中MWNT的两个特征峰D峰和G峰的位置均发生了红移,且D峰的强度及ID／IG值也较MWNT明显增大。凝胶渗透色谱测得复合材料的分子量相对于纯PS的分子量有较大幅度提高。同时比较共混法与悬浮聚合法制得的复合材料在甲苯中的溶解性。可以认为悬浮聚合法制备复合材料的过程中,MWNT参与了PS的聚合反应,与PS形成了化学键从而完全或部分地被PS包裹。     

The influence of nano‐PS particle on structure evolution and electrical properties of PP/PS

The polypropylene‐g‐polystyrene (PP‐g‐PS) copolymers with different grafting ratios are used as compatibilizers to control the size of polystyrene (PS) particles at nanometer scale in polypropylene (PP) matrix. Then the PP/PS insulating nanocomposites (containing 10 wt % PS calculated from PS and PP‐g‐PS) are manufactured. With the increase in grafting ratio of PP‐g‐PS, the size of PS particle is reduced and the interfacial adhesion is enhanced. Meanwhile, the dielectric properties, DC breakdown strength and volume resistivity are increased with the decreasing of PS particle size. The spherulite size of PP is decreased and the boundary between crystals and amorphous regions is blurred or even disappears due to the presence of PS nanoparticles. This evolution of PP structure is attributed to the serious entanglements of PP and PS molecular chains. Finally, the correlation between morphological structure and electrical properties is ultimately established based on the in‐depth understanding of the molecular chain movement, crystal structure, and phase morphology. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2018 , 56, 706–717     

多壁碳纳米管对PS分子量影响的研究

由于碳纳米管（CNT）具有优异的力学、电学、光学等性能,近年来,聚合物／碳纳米管（polymer／CNT）复合材料的研究已经成为研究者关注的热点。相关的研究主要集中在：一是将CNT作为填充材料制各复合材料,使复合材料的力学、电学等性能得到提高。二是将CNT作为主体,用聚合物对CNT进行修饰,使CNT在有机溶剂中能够获得良好的溶解度。而对于在聚合反应中,CNT的加入对聚合物分子量影响的研究,相关的报道较少。本文利用悬浮聚合法制备了聚苯乙烯／多壁碳纳米管（PS／MWNT）复合材料,采用透射电镜（TEM）和凝胶渗透色谱（GPC）对其进行了分析,详细研究了MWNT对于PS分子量的影响。     

Flory状态方程理论研究PS/PMMA/SAN相行为

将改进的Flory状态方程理论(EOS)引入含“分子内链段排斥性相互作用”的高分子共混物中,研究含无规共聚物的三元共混体系聚苯乙烯(PS)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/聚苯乙烯-丙烯腈(SAN)无规共聚物的相行为,建立相应的适用于含无规共聚物三元共混体系Spinodal方程.用PS、PMMA、PAN的特征参数及其链段间相互作用参数分别计算相应共聚物的特征参数,由二元相互作用模型计算均聚物-共聚物间的相互作用能参数.在运用EOS理论研究三元均聚物共混体系相行为基础上,进一步预测PS/PMMA/SAN体系的相行为,计算并绘制不同温度下的Spinodal曲线并进行实验验证,理论计算与实验结果吻合.结果表明,EOS理论可以克服经典平均场理论的缺陷,成功描述含分子内排斥作用共混体系相行为与共聚物组成及温度之间的关系.     

Synthesis and Optical Properties of ZnO Nanoparticles in Submicron PS Hollow Reactors

ZnO nanoparticles were first encapsulated in submicron PS hollow microspheres through two-step swelling process of core-shell structured PMMA/PS (PMMA: polymethyl methao-rylate) microspheres in acid-alkali solution, and the ZnO precursors, i.e. the ethanol solu-tions of (CH₃COO)₂Zn and LiOH. The transmission electron microscope, X-ray diffraction, and thermogravimetric analysis results show that the feeding order of ethanol solutions of (CH₃COO)₂Zn and LiOH in the second swelling step has great influence on the loading efficiency and the size of ZnO nanoparticles, but little on their crystal form. The photolumi-nescence and UV-Vis absorption behavior of ZnO/PS microspheres show that the PS shell can effectively avoid the fluorescence quenching effect.     

静电喷涂法制备具有低吸附力的超疏水性聚苯乙烯膜

采用聚苯乙烯的N,N-二甲基甲酰胺溶液为原料, 通过静电喷涂的方法制备了具有微-纳米复合结构的聚苯乙烯膜. 通过调节溶液浓度, 得到了不同的结构、浸润性及吸附性的表面. 当聚苯乙烯的质量分数为5%、分子量为25000时, 得到的表面与水的接触角达到167°, 吸附力达到15 μN, 表明该膜表面具有超疏水性的同时对水滴具有很低的吸附力. 此外, 分子量的大小也对静电喷涂膜表面形貌的变化起重要的作用.     

用透射电镜研究PS薄膜银纹的微观结构、变形特性和破坏过程

本文介绍了用透射电镜观察PS薄膜银纹的微观结构、变形特性和破坏过程。实验观察到PS银纹质完整的网络结构和取向银纹质断裂以后的松弛特性。实验发现PS银纹质断裂转变成微裂纹的过程类似有机玻璃慢裂纹区的“撕布”模式,裂端银纹的外形符合Dugdale模型。     

The structure of latex polystyrenes blends: dynamic properties of PS/XPS systems

The dynamic behavior of latex polystyrene/crosslinked polystyrene (PS/XPS) systems has been studied. PS and XPS lattices were either physically blended, or used as seeds in semi-continuous sequential two-stage polymerizations. The Cox–Merz equation is not met by any PS/XPS system. Power-law relaxation has been observed for the physically blended PS–b–XPS system in the terminal region. A two-parameter equation suggested for polymers at the critical gel point fits the experimental data for XPS contents beyond 60%. This has been attributed to the formation of a “continuous” XPS network. This network is able to disrupt upon flow, due to the unique morphology of the XPS phase. It is possible that, for the sequential system with XPS seed particles, such a network may appear at a lower XPS content, due to a PS occlusion effect. A qualitative model is presented for these PS/XPS systems.     

COMPATIBILITY AND PHASE BEHAVIOR OF PS/SBR BLEND Ⅰ. EFFECT OF MOLECULAR WEIGHT OF PS

The results of this study reveals not only the sensitivity of the compatibility of PS with SBR to the molecular weight (MW) of PS and temperature, but also some other interesting characteristics, i. e., unusual morphology change during the process of mixing with increase in temperature of specimen preparation observed under optical microscope and double-peak UCST curves for three blends with PS of low MW from DSC data. Acording to the amount of inward shift of the component T_g's and the broadening of the transition regions, it may be said that this polymer pair is compatible only when the MW of PS is low, and even then there still exists micro-heterogeneity.     

Vertical phase separation and liquid-liquid dewetting of thin PS/PCL blend films during spin coating

Thin films of an amorphous polymer, polystyrene (PS), and a crystalline polymer, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL), blend were prepared by spin coating a toluene solution. Surface chemical compositions of the blend films were measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the surface and interface topographical changes were followed by atomic force microscopy (AFM). By changing the PS concentration and keeping the PCL concentration of the solution at 1 wt %, a great variety of morphologies were constructed. The results show that the morphology of the blend films can be divided into three regions with increasing PS concentration. In region I, PS island domains are embedded in PCL crystals when the PS concentration is lower than 0.3 wt % and the size of the PS island increases with increasing PS concentration. In region II, holes with different sizes surrounded by a low rim are obtained when the concentration of PS is between 0.35 and 0.5 wt %. After selectively washing the PS domains, we studied the interface morphology of PS/PCL and found that the upper PS-rich layer extended into the bottom PCL layer, forming a trench surrounding the holes. In region III, an enriched two-layer structure with the PS-rich layer on top of the blend films and the PCL-rich crystal layer underneath is obtained when the concentration of PS is higher than 0.5 wt %. Last, the formation mechanism of the different surface and interface morphologies is further discussed in terms of the vertical phase separation to a layered structure, followed by liquid-liquid dewetting and crystallization processes during spin coating.     

Nucleation and crystallization of H-shaped (PS)2PEG(PS)2 block copolymers

<正>A series of H-shaped(PS)_2PEG(PS)_2 block copolymers with different PS chain lengths were prepared.The influence of different confinements active on the crystallization and self-nucleation(SN) behavior of the PEG blocks was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).When the content of the crystalline block was high,a classical SN behavior was obtained.The block copolymer with PEG content of 49%(by weight) showed a classical SN behavior with a narrow self-nucleation domain and had bimodal crystallization exotherms.When the PEG dispersed as separated microdomains in the block copolymer,the self-nucleation domain disappeared and only annealing was observed.     

PS/PVC互贯大孔吸附树脂对脲酸的吸附研究

大孔球状PVC经苯乙烯的自由基互穿聚合反应改性得PS PVC大孔互贯树脂 ,再与有机胺反应制得了PS PVC互贯含氮大孔吸附树脂 .研究表明 ,所得吸附树脂对脲酸的吸附率可达 5 0 %以上 ,在清除体液中过量脲酸方面具有应用潜力 .同时对吸附树脂含氮量与吸附脲酸性能的关系以及其它因素的影响也进行了探讨     

几种高聚物拉伸过程中的声发射现象

研究了４种塑料ＰＳ、ＰＯＭ、ＡＢＳ和ＰＣ拉伸过程中的声发射现象，发现声发射信号主要产生在屈服前和断裂时，说明高聚物的声发射信号主查由于分子链的解缠结，晶体的滑移裂纹的亚临界扩展和分子链的断裂等诸因素产生的，ＡＢＳ拉伸时大面积银纹的生成也可能是信号源，拉伸应变速率，材料的结构和不同的屈服过程等对塑料的拉伸声发射规律有较大影响。     

Trifluoperazine causes a disturbance in glycerophospholipid monolayers containing phosphatidylserine (PS): effects of pH, acyl unsaturation, and proportion of PS

We have studied the interaction of trifluoperazine (TFP) with monolayers of various glycerophospholipids at 37 degrees C. TFP (1-10 microM) had little effect on surface pressure/molecular area isotherms in monolayers (on pure water) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidylethanolamine but greatly increased the mean molecular area (mma) of dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine; the increment was greatest between 0 and 1 microM, and a further increase to 10 microM TFP gave only a slight increase in mma. With phosphatidylserine (PS)-containing stearoyl and varying acyls in the sn-1 and -2 positions, respectively, TFP increased the mma in a manner that depended on the number of double bonds and chain length. In mixtures of DPPC with two of these PS species the TFP-induced mma of the monolayers (on buffer, pH 7.4) increased linearly with the proportion of PS. Both PS and TFP have ionizable groups, and the TFP-induced mma increase had optima at pH 5.0 and 7.0. We conclude that the TFP-PS interaction is mainly, but not entirely, driven by electrostatic interactions between the TFP cation and PS headgroup anion, with an insertion of the phenothiazine moiety among the acyls in the monolayer that depends on the packing of the acyls.     

PS colloidal particles stabilized by graphene oxide

Exfoliated graphene oxide (GO) sheets with hydrophilic functional groups on the surface were prepared by the oxidation of graphite. Because of the hydrophilic groups on the sheets and the hydrophobic carbon surface, GO sheets were located at the oil-water interface and could be used as a stabilizer in Pickering emulsions. After the Pickering emulsion polymerization of styrene, PS colloidal particles with GO sheets on the surface were prepared. The size of the GO sheets exerts an important influence on the preparation of PS colloidal particles. Small GO sheets located at the liquid-liquid interface and GO-stabilized PS colloidal particles were prepared; however, for large GO sheets, smaller PS colloidal particles prepared on the GO surface were observed. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the colloidal particles. TEM, SEM, and XPS results all suggest the successful preparation of GO-stabilized PS colloidal particles.     

Control of the morphology of linear and cyclic PS-b-PI block copolymer micelles via PS addition

We have studied the effect of polystyrene (PS) homopolymer addition on the morphology of self-assembled block copolymer micelles made from linear or cyclic poly(styrene-b-isoprene), PS-b-PI, in a selective solvent for the PI block (heptane). Both copolymers have the same composition: the degree of polymerization is 290 for the PS block, and 110 for the PI block, and we focused on the influence of the addition of small amounts of PS homopolymer on the micellar morphology. For the copolymer concentrations considered, the linear copolymer self-organizes into spherical micelles while the cyclic copolymer forms cylindrical micelles. PS and PI chains constitute the core and the corona of these micelles, respectively, due to the different affinity of the blocks for heptane. Consequently, the PS homopolymer added is "solubilized" into the micellar core. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) data combined with atomic force microscopy (AFM) results show that the addition of PS homopolymer induces a drastic change in the micellar organization. Indeed, a morphological transition, from spheres to cylinders for the linear copolymer, and from cylinders to vesicles for the cyclic copolymer, is observed. These results highlight the fact that a small incorporation of PS homopolymer is clearly sufficient to modify the morphology (size and shape) of the micelles. This approach could be a key parameter for the design/control of micelles for specific applications in nanotechnology.     

PREPARATION AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF T-ZnOw/PS COMPOSITES

The main subject of this work is about the preparation of T-ZnOw/PS composites through different methods and the evaluation of mechanical properties of the composites.Different surface modification methods of T-ZnOw whiskers,the so called wet-type modification and dry-type modification,and different molding processing methods of T-ZnOw/PS composites,namely compression molding and injection molding,have been employed.Two different coupling agents, titanate coupling agent (NDZ105) and silane coupling agent...     

Interaction of opioid molecules with PS,PC and PS/PC monolayers

The interaction between opiate molecules and phosphatidylserine (PS) or phosphatidylcholine (PC) has been studied on compression isotherms and penetration kinetics. Phosphatidylcholine-opiate interactions are weak and similar in magnitude for all opiate molecules. On contrary, PS and PS/PC interact strongly and differently with opiate molecules. The differences in penetration are not directly related to the pKa or hydrophobicity of the molecules.     

Viscoelastic properties of PS–POSS hybrid materials prepared by reactive processing

The viscoelastic properties of hybrid nanocomposites of polystyrene and polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (PS–POSS) are determined in the molten state by small-amplitude oscillatory shear rheometry (SAOS) and in the solid state by dynamical-mechanical thermal analysis (DMA). PS–POSS samples synthesized to form various molecular structures and phase morphologies are investigated. Overall, both viscoelastic data sets correlate well with the POSS dispersion level and with the degree of grafting of the PS–POSS samples. From the SAOS data, enhanced POSS dispersion and degrees of grafting are characterized by deviations of the zero-frequency viscosity ratios of the Einstein and Einstein–Batchelor models and by linearity in the Han plots. PS–POSS samples with enhanced POSS dispersion and degrees of grafting are characterized as those with higher free-volume fractions and lower flow activation energies, as determined by storage modulus master curves that stem from applying the time-temperature superposition (TTS) principle to the DMA data.     

Characterization and Non-isothermal Decomposition Kinetic Analysis of PS/FeNi3 Nanocomposites

Polystyrene/iron-nickel (PS/FeNi3) nanocomposites were synthesized via an in-situ polymerization route and characterized by XRD,SEM and FTIR. FeNi3 nanoparticles were characterized by TEM and XRD. The pure FeNi3 nanoparticles (100～125 nm) were highly clustered and percolated through the PS matrix. When the content of FeNi3 nanoparticles reached 5 wt%,an interaction between FeNi3 nanoparticles and PS matrix was observed. The thermal decomposition behavior of PS/FeNi3 nanocomposites was investigated by thermal analysis. The activation energies (E) and pre-exponential factors (lnA) were calculated by using Archar method. The results show that the thermal decomposition of pure PS is a one-dimensional diffusion mechanism. A three-dimensional diffusion mechanism appears when FeNi3 nanoparticles incorporate. The E of PS/FeNi3 nanocomposites with different FeNi3 contents is 217.5,225.3,180.6 and 73.0 kJ·mol-1,and the corresponding lnA is 35.6,34.9,27.5 and 10.4 S-1,respectively.