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使用3-喹啉硼酸作为催化剂,催化脂肪类羧酸与胺直接脱水形成酰胺键.在室温条件下,该催化剂对多数脂肪族羧酸和伯胺/仲胺的反应表现出较好的催化活性,得到中等至较好收率的酰胺产物.对于具有挑战性的芳香酸及杂环芳香酸底物,在升高温度的条件下该催化剂也展示出较好的催化性能. 相似文献
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采用浸渍法制备了多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)负载的Cu2O和CuI催化剂,并运用粉末X射线衍射、红外光谱、扫描电镜-能量散射谱、透射电镜和NH3程序升温脱附等技术对催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,催化剂中沉积的Cu2O和CuI分别以立方相和γ相存在于MWCNT上,且表现出由弱到强的拉电子(Lewis酸)性能。将催化剂用于催化芳醛与2-氨基吡啶氧化酰胺化反应合成N-(吡啶-2-基)苯酰胺类化合物,产物选择性为100%,收率为50%–95%。 CuI/MWCNT催化剂上产物分离收率性能好于Cu2O/MWCNT,但后者的循环使用性能更好。与共价的CuI相比,离子化的Cu2O与极性的酸活化的MWCNT间具有更适宜的相互作用,这种不同的相互作用可显著影响2-氨基吡啶的氨基对芳醛羰基的亲核进攻速率。 相似文献
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研究了在低温、近中性条件下,在微量Fe(II)离子存在下Ferrihydrite(又称为水合氧化铁hydrousironoxide)的相转化过程.结果表明,微量Fe(II)离子的存在不仅可以加速Ferrihydrite的相转化过程,而且其相转化产物的组成也与没有Fe(II)离子存在时产物的组成有所不同,即除了α-FeOOH和α-Fe2O3外,还形成了γ-FeOOH;相转化过程既与阴离子的种类、反应温度、反应时间等因素有关,也与Fe(II)离子存在状态有关;Fe(II)离子通过催化Ferrihydrite的溶解过程,从而加速整个相转化过程.对该过程的深入研究将对认识和了解自然条件下铁氧化物的形成与相互转化具有重要意义. 相似文献
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低温下 Fe(Ⅱ)对Ferrihydrite相转化的催化作用研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究了在低温、近中性条件下,在微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在下Ferrihydrite(又称为水合氧化铁hydrous iron oxide)的相转化过程.结果表明,微量Fe(Ⅱ)离子的存在不仅可以加速Ferrihydrite的相转化过程,而且其相转化产物的组成也与没有Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在时产物的组成有所不同,即除了α—FeOOH和α—Fe2O3外,还形成了γ-FeOOH;相转化过程既与阴离子的种类、反应温度、反应时间等因素有关,也与Fe(Ⅱ)离子存在状态有关;Fe(Ⅱ)离子通过催化Ferrihydrite的溶解过程,从而加速整个相转化过程.对该过程的深入研究将对认识和了解自然条件下铁氧化物的形成与相互转化具有重要意义. 相似文献
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脂肪酶催化扁桃酸乙酯酯交换反应的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用脂肪酶Novozym 435在正丁醇体系中催化酯交换反应,对(R,S)-扁桃酸乙酯进行了动力学拆分,考察了系统初始加水量,反应温度,振荡速度,底物浓度等因素对脂肪酶催化活性和对映体选择性的影响.研究结果表明,最适初始加水量为0.4%;在20℃~60℃范围内,酶催化活性随温度升高而增加,酶选择性随温度先升高后下降,最适温度45℃;底物扁桃酸乙酯浓度达5000 mmol/L时,未观察到底物抑制现象,反应初速度为2.78mmol.L-1.m in-1. 相似文献
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对脂肪酶催化含酯基的异核金属簇合物的水解反应进行了初步研究. 发现脂肪酶对簇合物的酯基进行水解时确有不对称效应, 同时簇骨架中的重金属使酶失活. 尽管不知道水解产物的e.e.值,但从旋光结果可以看出, 酶催化确是一条拆分手性簇合物的途径. 相似文献
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脂肪酶在有机溶剂中催化酯合成和酯交换反应 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
报道了猪胰脂肪酶在冻干时的pH值、有机溶剂的极性、反应系统的含水量、温度以及底物碳链的长度和支链对酶在有机相中催化活性的影响规律。利用该酶合成了具有玫瑰香味的月桂酸香茅酯和辛酸香茅酯。 相似文献
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生物酶催化的有机化学反应具有选择性高、反应条件温和、环境友好等优点,本项目通过对酶催化合成单月桂酸甘油酯的反应条件和产物分离条件进行详细研究,将酶催化反应引入本科实验教学,使学生学习先进的知识技术。本项目的合成部分采用月桂酸:甘油=1:3.5 (摩尔比)的投料比、5%酶用量,在52℃反应80 min;回收脂肪酶后,洗涤除去甘油,蒸馏除去叔丁醇,最后用石油醚重结晶可得到纯度90%以上的高含量产品,分离产率47%–53%,实验的稳定性和重现性好,很适合作为一个大学本科有机实验项目。 相似文献
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Ashok K. Prasad Mofazzal Husain Brajendra K. Singh Vijay K. Manchanda Virinder S. Parmar 《Tetrahedron letters》2005,46(26):4511-4514
Lipase-catalyzed enantioselective amidation was performed by reacting the racemic amine with aliphatic acids in nonsolvent system. The reaction equilibrium was shifted towards amide synthesis by the removal of water under reduced pressure. This methodology avoids the use of activating agents and hazardous solvents. 相似文献
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WANG Zhi QUAN Jing WENG Liang ZHENG Liang-yu LIU Ning DONG Huan CAO Shu-gui ** . Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology Engineering of Educational Ministry . College of Life Science Jilin University Changchun P. R. China 《高等学校化学研究》2003,19(4):446-449
IntroductionThe demand for the high purity of chiral com-pounds has led to the increasing use of biocatalystsand the increasing research in order to obtain en-zymes with a higher activity and selectivity.In thisfield the utilization of lipases has been proved to beone of the simplest but most promising techniquesfor the enantioselective conversion of various hy-drophobic acids and alcohols in the last decade.There has been a considerable interestin improvingthe enantioselectivity of lipases an… 相似文献
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The Pseudomonas species lipase inhibition shows enantioselectivity for R‐enantiomer over S‐enantiomer of exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamates. R‐, S‐, and racemic‐exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamates are all characterized as pseudo substrate inhibitors of the enzyme. Thus, the mechanism for Pseudomonas species lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis of the inhibitor is formation of the first enzyme‐inhibitor Michaelis complex via nucleophilic attack of the active site serine to the inhibitor (Ki step) then formation of the butylcarbamyl enzyme intermediate from this complex (k2 step). Comparison of bimolecular rate constants (ki = k2 / Ki) of the inhibitors indicates that R‐enantiomer is 1.8 times more potent than S‐enantiomer. Thus, Pseudomonas species lipase shows enantioselectivity of 1.8 for R‐exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butyl‐carbamate over S‐exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate. Protein‐ligand interaction studies on both enantiomers of exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate as inhibitors of Pseudomonas species lipase using AutoDock suggest that R‐enantiomer binds more tightly into the active site of the enzyme than S‐enantiomer. The norbornyl ring of S‐exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate is repulsive to Ser 82 and His 251 of the catalytic triad as well as to Met 16 of the oxyanion hole. These repulsions may create few unfavorable interactions between S‐exo‐2‐norbornyl‐N‐n‐butylcarbamate and the enzyme and make this inhibitor a less potent one. 相似文献
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C. I. Sainz-Dí az G Wohlfahrt E. Nogoceke A. Hern ndez-Laguna Y. G. Smeyers U. Menge 《Journal of Molecular Structure》1997,390(1-3):225-237
The molecular structures of the chiral compounds 1-phenylethanol, 2-hexanol and 1-phenylethanol acetate have been studied theoretically by ab initio methods. Conformational analysis and electronic structure studies have been carried out with these molecules at STO-3G* and 6-31G* basis sets. For the study of the interaction of lipases with substrates, a simplified model of the tetrahedral intermediate has been calculated at the 6-31G*//4-31G* level. Molecular mechanics simulations of the interaction of these compounds with the lipases of Candida rugosa, Pseudomonas cepacia and Rhizomucor miehei have been used to study the enantioselectivity of these lipases in the transesterification reaction of the chiral alcohols. The theoretical results have been compared with experimental data and good agreement was observed. It can be concluded that the enantioselectivity of these lipases is controlled by the formation of a tetrahedral intermediate, whereas Michaelis complex formation has a much lower significance. 相似文献