碳纳米管/铜纳米结构电极材料在葡萄糖检测中的应用

利用电化学沉积法制备了碳纳米管/铜纳米结构电极材料, 采用扫描电子显微镜和电化学方法对电极表面的形貌和电化学性质进行了表征. 结果表明, 碳纳米管/铜纳米结构电极材料具有较大的电化学活性表面积、 高稳定性、 良好的导电性以及高葡萄糖电氧化活性, 有望用于葡萄糖的检测.     

碳纳米管/聚合物基柔性电磁干扰屏蔽复合材料研究进展

当今,柔性可穿戴电子设备、航空航天等领域的快速发展对柔性、轻质电磁干扰(electromagnetic interference,EMI)屏蔽材料的需求不断增加,碳纳米管/聚合物基复合材料因具有柔性好、质量轻、导电性和机械稳定性优异、EMI屏蔽效能可调等优点而备受关注。本文介绍了电磁屏蔽机理,对碳纳米管的分散方法和碳纳米管/聚合物基柔性EMI屏蔽复合材料的制备方法进行了对比总结,综述了碳纳米管/聚合物基柔性EMI屏蔽复合材料的研究进展。最后,提出了碳纳米管/聚合物基柔性EMI屏蔽复合材料亟待解决的关键科学问题,并对其未来发展趋势进行了展望。     

多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/含邻苯二甲腈的苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料的电学与力学性质(英文)

采用溶液共混法及层压成型的方法制备了多壁碳纳米管/玻璃纤维/含双邻苯二甲腈的苯并噁嗪树脂复合材料,并考察了该纳米复合材料的力学及电学性质。材料的渗滤阀值为碳纳米管含量为0.7%,此时,材料也表现出最好的机械性能。通过扫描电镜对材料的断面进行了考察,发现在碳纳米管含量为0.7%时形成了网状结构,因此此时复合材料表现出最好的电学及力学性质。复合材料在碳纳米管含量低于7%时具有很低的吸水性。     

碳纳米管/半导体复合材料光催化研究进展

碳纳米管具有良好的机械性能和导电性、高化学稳定性、大表面积以及独特的一维结构,与半导体光催化剂结合能够增强催化剂的吸附能力、提高光催化效率、扩展光响应范围,而且有利于回收催化剂,极大地提高了半导体光催化剂的综合性能。本文首先分析了半导体光催化剂和碳纳米管的特点,总结了碳纳米管增强半导体光催化的机理,然后分别从复合材料制备方法、复合半导体种类和典型的应用三个不同角度,归纳总结了近年来碳纳米管/半导体复合材料光催化的研究进展,最后对其发展趋势作了展望。     

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料

碳纳米管/壳聚糖复合材料是一种具有生物和光电双重功能的复合材料。本文在对碳纳米管和壳聚糖各种性质进行简单介绍的基础上,重点综述了碳纳米管与壳聚糖复合材料的各种复合方法、机理、主要应用以及存在的主要问题。     

碳纳米管-聚合物复合材料的研究进展

本文综述了两类碳纳米管-聚合物复合材料的制备方法,碳纳米管/复合材料的力学、光、电化学等性质,以及当前研究的焦点和存在的问题,侧重讨论碳纳米管与聚合物相互作用的机理,并展望两类复合材料的应用前景。     

石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及应用进展

石墨烯和碳纳米管都是纳米尺寸的碳材料,具有极大的比表面积、良好的导电性以及优秀的机械性能等特性. 选择合适的方法制备出石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料,它们之间可以产生一种协同效应,使其各种物理化学性能得到增强,因而这种复合材料在很多领域有着极大的应用前景. 以石墨烯/碳纳米管复合材料为综述对象,详细地介绍了它的制备、掺杂和应用等方面的进展,同时也对其发展前景进行了展望. 这种复合材料不仅被成功地应用在电容器、光电器件、储能电池、电化学传感器和其它领域,而且也会在这些领域内深化并向其它领域延伸.     

MWNTs/HDPE复合体系在太赫兹波段的光电性质

利用太赫兹时域光谱技术和电导测量研究了多壁碳纳米管/高密度聚乙烯(MWNTs/HDPE)复合体系的光电性质. 直流电导率结果表明, 复合体系的逾渗阈值在5%左右; 交流电导率则随频率的变化出现一个拐点, 拐点的位置与颗粒浓度以及导电颗粒的存在状态密切相关. 加入碳纳米管后, 复合体系在太赫兹波段的吸收系数和折射率均有很大的提高. 通过假定在此波段导电颗粒在聚合物中的介电行为类似于偶极子的弛豫, 利用Cole-Cole理论对复合材料的介电性质进行了解释.     

碳纳米管介电电泳精确及可控组装技术

碳纳米管(CNTs)具有优良的电学、热学、光学、力学性能和大的长径比,使得碳纳米管在能源存储、生物医药学、催化剂载体、水气过滤、复合材料等领域存在极大的应用价值。碳纳米管在金属电极之间的精确可控组装是实现其诸多应用的前提,介电电泳法是目前最常用且最具前景的组装方法之一。文中介绍了介电电泳法组装碳纳米管的原理,分析了介电电泳组装碳纳米管的影响因素,分别从碳纳米管的精确定位组装和数量可控组装两个方面进行了综述。     

原位法制备纳米银修饰碳纳米管环氧导电复合材料

将碳纳米管(CNTs)和乙酸银同时引入到环氧树脂-咪唑固化体系中,在固化过程中原位热降解银-咪唑复合物生成纳米银修饰碳纳米管,差示扫描量热仪(DSC)表明改性碳纳米管对环氧固化有一定的促进作用.采用X-射线衍射(XRD)表征了乙酸银和咪唑配合物[Ag(2E4MZ)2]Ac的结构,并提出了原位降解生成纳米银的机理.XRD结果表明,单独的乙酸银-咪唑配合物热降解生成的纳米银粒径为21-24nm,而配合物在环氧基体中生成的纳米银粒径为11-13nm.添加80%(质量分数)片状微米银粉制备的纳米银/碳纳米管环氧导电复合材料其体积电阻率低达9×10-5Ω·cm.当纳米银和碳纳米管质量比为80:20时,复合材料导电性和剪切强度达到最佳;采用扫描电镜(SEM)表征了复合材料的形貌结构.     

具有隔离结构的聚丙烯/碳纳米管复合材料的制备及电磁屏蔽性能

通过共挤出包覆-热压法制备了具有隔离结构的聚丙烯(PP)/碳纳米管(CNTs)电磁屏蔽复合材料。 其中,CNTs随机分布于PP基体中形成导电相,该导电复合物作为包覆层包敷在纯PP颗粒表面,形成包覆复合粒子,经热压后形成隔离导电网络。 结果表明,所制备的隔离结构复合材料呈现良好的导电性能,可获得较低的导电逾渗值0.28%(体积分数);在CNTs质量分数为5.6%时,该复合材料电磁屏蔽性能达到25.6 dB,同时具有良好的力学性能。 本文结果表明,共挤出包覆-热压法制备隔离结构导电复合材料方法简单可控、绿色环保,对开发高性能电磁屏蔽复合材料具有重要指导意义。     

Preparation of Polylactide/Poly(ether)urethane Blends with Excellent Electro-actuated Shape Memory via Incorporating Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids Fillers

In this work, hybrid conductive fillers of carbon black(CB) and carbon nanotubes(CNTs) were introduced into polylactide(PLA)/thermoplastic poly(ether)urethane(TPU) blend(70/30 by weight) to tune the phase morphology and realize rapid electrically actuated shape memory effect(SME). Particularly, the dispersion of conductive fillers, the phase morphology, the electrical conductivities and the shape memory properties of the composites containing CB or CB/CNTs were comparatively investigated. The results suggested that both CB and CNTs were selectively localized in TPU phase, and induced the morphological change from the sea-island structure to the co-continuous structure. The presence of CNTs resulted in a denser CB/CNTs network, which enhanced the continuity of TPU phase.Because the formed continuous TPU phase provided stronger recovery driving force, the PLA/TPU/CB/CNTs composites showed better shape recovery properties compared with the PLA/TPU/CB composites at the same CB content. Moreover, the CB and CNTs exerted a synergistic effect on enhancing the electrical conductivities of the composites. As a result, the prepared composites exhibited excellent electrically actuated SME and the shape recovery speed was also greatly enhanced. This work demonstrated a promising strategy to achieve rapid electrically actuated SME via the addition of hybrid nanoparticles with self-networking ability in binary PLA/TPU blends over a much larger composition range.     

Preparation of Polylactide/Poly(ether)urethane Blends with Excellent Electro-actuated Shape Memory <Emphasis Type="Italic">via</Emphasis> Incorporating Carbon Black and Carbon Nanotubes Hybrids Fillers

In this work, hybrid conductive fillers of carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were introduced into polylactide (PLA)/thermoplastic poly(ether)urethane (TPU) blend (70/30 by weight) to tune the phase morphology and realize rapid electrically actuated shape memory effect (SME). Particularly, the dispersion of conductive fillers, the phase morphology, the electrical conductivities and the shape memory properties of the composites containing CB or CB/CNTs were comparatively investigated. The results suggested that both CB and CNTs were selectively localized in TPU phase, and induced the morphological change from the sea-island structure to the co-continuous structure. The presence of CNTs resulted in a denser CB/CNTs network, which enhanced the continuity of TPU phase. Because the formed continuous TPU phase provided stronger recovery driving force, the PLA/TPU/CB/CNTs composites showed better shape recovery properties compared with the PLA/TPU/CB composites at the same CB content. Moreover, the CB and CNTs exerted a synergistic effect on enhancing the electrical conductivities of the composites. As a result, the prepared composites exhibited excellent electrically actuated SME and the shape recovery speed was also greatly enhanced. This work demonstrated a promising strategy to achieve rapid electrically actuated SME via the addition of hybrid nanoparticles with self-networking ability in binary PLA/TPU blends over a much larger composition range.     

碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料

本文简要介绍了碳纳米管的纯化和表面改性方法,着重对碳纳米管/聚合物复合材料的制备方法、微观结构表征及其力学、电学、光学等性能的研究进行了综述;简述了此类复合材料在电学、电磁屏蔽材料及吸波隐身材料、纤维材料以及航天工业等领域的应用,探讨了该研究领域所面临的一些问题及今后的发展方向。     

聚苯乙炔/碳纳米管复合材料的导电性能研究

本文以无水A lC l3作催化剂合成聚苯乙炔(PPA),用H2SO4对其进行磺化改性,采用其混法制得了PPA/碳纳米管(CNTs)及磺化PPA/CNTs复合材料,对二者的常温电导率及变温电导率进行了测试。结果表明:磺化PPA的电导率较PPA的提高了3个数量级;随着CMTs含量增加,复合材料的电导率升高;PPA/CNTs导电的阈值是3%,达极限电导率(0.04S/m)所需CNTs含量为25%,而磺化PPA/CNTs导电的阈值是2%,达极限电导率所需CNTs(0.14 s/m)含量为25%。并分析了温度变化对复合材料电阻变化的影响因素。     

Novel conductive nanocomposites from perfluoropolyether waterborne polyurethanes and carbon nanotubes

The exceptional electrical conductivity of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has been exploited for the preparation of conductive nanocomposites based on a large variety of insulating polymers. Among these, perfluoropolyether‐polyurethanes (PFPE‐PUs) represent a class of highly performing fluorinated materials with excellent water/oil repellency, chemical resistance, and substrate adhesion. The incorporation of highly conductive fillers to this class of highly performing materials allows them to be exploited in new technological and industrial fields where their unique properties need to be combined with the electrical conductivity or the electrostatic dissipation properties of carbon nanotubes. However, no studies have been presented so far on nanocomposites based on PFPE‐PUs and CNTs. In this work, polymer nanocomposites based on waterborne PFPE‐PUs and increasing amounts of carboxylated multiwall CNTs (COOH‐CNTs) were prepared and characterized for the first time. The effect of increasing concentration of COOH‐CNTs on the physical, mechanical, and surface properties of the nanocomposites was investigated by means of rheological measurements, dynamic mechanical analysis, thermal characterization, optical contact angle measurements, and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, electrical measurements showed that the highly insulating undoped PFPE‐PU system undergoes substantial modifications upon addition of COOH‐CNTs, leading to the formation of conductive nanocomposites with electrical conductivities as high as 1 S/cm. The results of this study demonstrate that the addition of COOH‐CNTs to PFPE‐PU systems represents a promising strategy to expand their possible use to technological applications where chemical stability, water/oil repellence and electrical conductivity are simultaneously required. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究进展

概述了用超临界流体作为物理发泡剂对聚合物基导电复合材料进行微孔发泡的基本原理,总结了聚合物基导电复合材料及其微发泡复合材料的几种导电机理,简要介绍了近年来微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的研究现状。并从微发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的基体特性、所使用的导电填料类型、导电填料的含量、填料在基体中的分散方法及微发泡复合材料的泡孔形态等几个方面,分析了影响微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料电学性能的主要因素,并展望了新型微孔发泡聚合物基导电复合材料的研究和发展趋势。     

碳纳米管的宏量制备及产业化

作为纳米材料的代表之一,碳纳米管因其独特的一维结构具备了优异的力学、电学、热学、光学和反应性能,使其在能源存储与转化、复合材料、多相催化、环境保护及生物医药等领域具有大量的应用潜力.本文总结了多种类型碳纳米管宏量制备的化学及工程原理,并对多壁碳纳米管、单壁碳纳米管、双壁碳纳米管、定向碳纳米管、超顺排碳纳米管、水平超长碳纳米管、掺杂碳纳米管、螺旋碳纳米管、碳纳米管结及碳纳米管/石墨烯杂化物的宏量制备方法进行了评述.同时,对碳纳米管产业化中新的工程问题,如工业标准、环境评估以及产业化进展进行了分析.目前,碳纳米管已经具有成千吨的产能,并广泛应用于锂离子电池电极、导电复合材料、汽车配件和体育用品等领域.尽管如此,高性能的碳纳米管的宏量制备及其配套产业化技术仍有待深入开发,产品需要进一步丰富、市场需要进一步拓展,以望形成大规模纳米产业,促进社会的可持续发展.     

Requirements of amount of carbon nanotubes for damage detection in large polymer composite structures

Due to their very high electrical conductivity, the addition of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) into polymers such as epoxies makes these materials conductive. This conductivity has been utilized to provide damage sensing in composite structures. Usually, the amount of CNTs needs to be more than the percolation threshold to assure electrical conductivity. The percolation threshold is usually determined using small samples. For large samples, the amount of CNTs needs to be higher to take into account some non-uniformity of the dispersion. More CNTs would provide better conductivity. One normally expects that more CNTs would also provide better damage detection. However, it was found that this is not the case. Certainly, the amount of CNTs needs to be more than a certain lower limit to assure conductivity throughout the large structures. Once this condition is met, adding more CNTs would reduce the sensitivity for damage detection. The sensitivity of damage detection can be measured by the change in electrical resistance (due to the occurrence of damage) between grid points that are attached on the surface of the composite structure. Higher sensitivity in damage detection would enable coarse grids (larger distance between grid points). Coarse grid points would mean lower number of grid points, less space, less wiring and less weight. This paper describes this phenomenon in detail. It provides models that simulate the conductivity configurations. It also introduces a new term call “Aggregately Conductive Materials” to distinguish the particular conductive characteristics of materials that are made conductive by the addition of nano-particles.     

An experimental investigation on the conductive behavior of carbon nanotube-reinforced natural polymer nanocomposites

It is well known that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have excellent electrical properties and can be used as the nanofiller in natural polymers to produce conductive CNT/polymer nanocomposites. In this study, the conductive behavior of CNT-reinforced natural polymer nanocomposites was investigated. The effect of CNT concentration on the conductivity of CNT/natural polymer nanocomposites was also investigated. The natural polymers used were plasticized starch (PS) and chitosan (CS). FTIR spectroscopy was used to examine the interactions between PS, CS, and CNTs. TEM analysis on both nanocomposites were made to study the dispersion states of CNTs in both polymers. The results showed that the surface resistivities of both CNT/PS and CNT/CS nanocomposites decreased steeply with increasing CNT concentration. Particularly, the CNT/CS nanocomposites showed a better conductivity than the CNT/PS composites at the same CNT concentration. The TEM result showed that CNT/CS nanocomposites had better dispersibility and formation of fully connected, three-dimensional network structures between the CNTs than the CNT/PS nanocomposites, which results in the superior conductive property of CNT/CS nanocomposites compared to the CNT/PS nanocomposites.