微波微化—连续流动进样冷原子吸收法测定中成药中痕量汞

本实验室建立了用微波消化系统，消化中成药样品，用连续流动进样冷原子吸收法测定了中成药中痕量汞的方法，研究了硝酸－过氧化氢和硝酸－硫酸－高氯酸两种不同混合酸的消化体系及消化时间和压力对测定结果的影响。方法的相对标准偏差为4.9%，回收率在91％－116％之间，检出限为0.15ng/mL。     

微波消解-FAAS法测定中成药中的钾、钠、铜、铅、镉

本文采用微波消化法溶解样品,使用火焰原子吸收法法连续测定中成药中的钾、钠、铜、铅、镉等元素。研究了策波消解的最佳条件,并用硝酸镧消除基体干扰,方法快速,简便,具有良好的精密度和准确度,相对标准偏差为1．7％－2．7％,回收率为92．4％－108．0％。     

微波消解-原子吸收分光光度法测定魔芋粉中铜、铁、锰、锌的含量

将硝酸和过氧化氢放入聚四氟乙烯密闭罐中，置于家用微波炉内，微波消化魔芋粉，火焰原子吸收分光光度法测定铜、铁、锰、锌的含量。回收率为95．2％－106．4％，相对标准偏差为1．0％－3．9％。方法快速、简便，具有良好的精密度和准确度。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药阿胶中铜、铬、镉、铅、砷、锑、锡和汞

本文以５０ｍｌ比色管作消化容器，硝酸－高氯酸混酸消化中成药阿胶，采用火焰原子吸收法测定其中的铜；石墨炉法测定其中的铬、镉、铅；氢化物法测定其中的砷、锑、锡。以硝酸－硫酸加过氧化氢水浴加热消化处理样品、采用冷原子法测定其中的汞，均取得较满意的结果。     

氢化物-原子荧光光谱法测定建筑用粘合剂中汞

用硝酸－硫酸－高锰酸钾在高压锅中溶样，采用氢化物发生原子荧光光谱法测定建筑用粘合剂中汞。相对标准偏差为4．3％，回收率为87．6％－106％。该方法快速、简单、准确。     

石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血清中的微量Mn,Ni,Co和Cr

本文建立了一种用石墨炉原子吸收光谱法测定血清中微量Ｍｎ，Ｎｉ，Ｃｏ和Ｃｒ的方法，血清以０．２％硝酸和ｔｒｉｔｏｎ Ｘ－１００混合溶液稀释１０倍后直接测定，方法简便，快速，回收率为９０－１１０￥，相对标准偏差为３．２６－４．３８％。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定化妆品中的铅和砷

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法测定化妆品中铅、砷的方法。用湿式消解法消化样品，易掌握。方法简便，灵敏度高。用本方法测定铅的检出限为０．０１０ｎｇ，砷的检出限为０．０１３ｎｇ，相对标准偏差为０．８％－５．２％，方法的回收率为９６．１％－１０５．８％。     

ICP-AES法测定铝合金中的Sc

本文采用ICP－AES法测定铝合金中的Sc，并讨论了基体元素及共存元素对Sc的干扰，进行了酸度试验，采用盐酸和硝酸溶解试样，回收率为96．0％－101．0％，RSD为0．31％－0．59％，方法简便，可靠，可获得满意的分析结果。     

石墨炉原子吸收法测定玉米中镉

本文研究了石墨炉原子吸收法测定玉米中镉的方法。用聚四氟乙烯高压消化弹溶解样品，用金属钯做基体改进剂和李沃夫平台石墨管提高方法的灵敏度。用本法测定镉的检出限为０．１２ｐｐｂ，相对标准偏差为２．６６％（ｎ＝１１），方法的回收率为９７％－１０５％之间。     

原子吸收光谱法测定中成药中微量元素

采用HNO3－HClO4(4:1)混酸消化用于治疗糖尿病的消渴丸、玉泉丸、渴乐宁、降糖舒、降糖Ⅰ-Ⅴ号9种中成药，用原子吸收光谱法对药物消化液中的Cu,Zn,Ni,Co,Mn,Cr,Mo,Fe,Ca,Mg,Cd,Pb12种微量元素进行了分析测定。该方法的加标回收率为97％－105％，相对标准偏差（RSD）小于5％，具有良好的准确度和精密度。结果表明：糖尿病类中成药中除Cd,Pb外，其余10种元素的含量均较为丰富，本测定结果为探讨上述糖尿病类中成药中微量元素的含量与药效的相关关系提供了有用的数据。     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.