Synthesis, characterization, and crystal structural study of the iron(II) 4,4′-bithiazole complex [Fe(C6H4N2S2)3]2+(NO3?)2

Abstract  

The complex [Fe(C₆H₄N₂S₂)₃]²⁺(NO₃⁻)₂ was prepared from the reaction of 4,4′-bithiazole with Fe(NO₃)₃·9H₂O in methanol. It was characterized by IR, UV-Vis, luminescence, ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy, and X ray crystallography. The structure was solved in the orthorhombic space group P2₁2₁2₁ with a = 12.1500(5), b = 12.8434(6), c = 16.2222(7) ?, V = 2531.43(19) ?³, Z = 4, and with wR ₂  = 0.0897.     

Synthesis and stereochemistry of some novel dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazoles

Abstract  

Eleven novel dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrazole derivatives were obtained by the reaction of chiral (1R)-N-(1-phenylethyl)maleimide and C,N-aryl-substituted nitrilimines. The reaction afforded the cycloadducts as a regioisomeric mixture which can be separable in some cases. The structure and stereochemistry of cycloadducts were assigned on the basis of infrared (IR), ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), mass and X-ray spectra, optical rotation measurements, and CHN analyses.     

Dissolving the insoluble: CdF<Subscript>2</Subscript> and moist ammonia form cadmium(II) difluoride monohydrate—synthesis and crystal structure of [Cd(NH<Subscript>3</Subscript>)<Subscript>6</Subscript>]F<Subscript>2</Subscript>·H<Subscript>2</Subscript>O

Abstract  

Hexaamminecadmium(II) fluoride monohydrate (1:1) [Cd(NH₃)₆]F₂·H₂O was synthesized from CdF₂ and liquid ammonia in open reaction vessels, so that moisture from the air was in contact with the solvent. The compound crystallizes in the chiral space group P3₁21- (No. 152) in the form of needle-shaped, colorless crystals with a = 6.8974(1) ?, c = 17.7156(5) ?, V = 729.89(3) ?³, and Z = 3.     

Different coordination modes and supramolecular aggregations in copper(II) pentane-2,4-dionato compounds with 2-pyridone and 3-hydroxypyridine

Abstract  

Copper(II) bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-κ² O,O′) compounds with 2-pyridone (1) and 3-hydroxypyridine (2) were prepared by the reaction of bis(pentane-2,4-dionato-κ² O,O′)copper(II) with selected ligands. The coordination of Cu(II) in both compounds is square pyramidal with the fifth coordination site occupied by the carbonyl oxygen atom of the 2-pyridone ligand in 1 and by the nitrogen atom of 3-hydroxypyridine in 2. The X-ray crystallographic studies revealed different crystal aggregation influenced by the ability of the 2-pyridone ligand to act as a hydrogen bond donor and acceptor, and 3-hydroxypyridine acting only as a hydrogen bond donor. Intermolecular N–H···O hydrogen bonding forms dimers in 1 and infinite chains in 2. Three-dimensional aggregation is achieved by π–π interactions and C–H···π (arene) hydrogen bonding.     

Stability constants of the Li+, Na+, H3O+, NH4+, Ag+, and K+ complexes of the cone conformer of tetraethyl p-tert-butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene tetraacetate in nitrobenzene saturated with water

Abstract  

From extraction experiments in the two-phase water–nitrobenzene system and γ-activity measurements, the stability constants of the tetraethyl p-tert-butyltetrathiacalix[4]arene tetraacetate (cone)·M⁺ complexes (M⁺ = Li⁺, H₃O⁺, NH₄ ⁺, Ag⁺, or K⁺) were determined in water-saturated nitrobenzene. It was found that these constants increase in the cation order NH₄ ⁺ < K⁺ < H₃O⁺ < Ag⁺ < Li⁺ < Na⁺.     

Experimental evidence, stability, and the most probable structure of protonated p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetrakis(N,N-dimethylacetamide)

Abstract  

From extraction experiments and γ-activity measurements, the extraction constant corresponding to the equilibrium H₃O⁺(aq) + 1·Na⁺(nb) \leftrightarrows \leftrightarrows 1·H₃O⁺ (nb) + Na⁺ (aq) taking place in the two-phase water–nitrobenzene system (1 = p-tert-butylcalix[4]arenetetrakis(N,N-dimethylacetamide); aq = aqueous phase, nb = nitrobenzene phase) was evaluated as log K _ex (H₃O⁺, 1·Na⁺) = −0.1 ± 0.1. Further, the stability constant of the 1·H₃O⁺ complex in water-saturated nitrobenzene was calculated for a temperature of 25 °C as log β _nb (1·H₃O⁺) = 10.9 ± 0.2. By using quantum mechanical DFT calculations, the most probable structure of the 1·H₃O⁺ cationic complex species was derived. In this complex, the hydroxonium ion H₃O⁺ is bound partly to one phenoxy oxygen atom and partly to two carbonyl oxygens of 1 by strong hydrogen bonds and obviously by other electrostatic interactions.     

Crystal structures and magnetic interactions in nickel(II) dibridged complexes formed by both phenolate oxygen-azide,or methanlate groups

Abstract  

Tridentate Schiff base ligands L¹ and L², derived from the condensation of 2-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde (L) with 2-aminoethanol or 2-aminobutan-1-ol, react with nickel chloride, azide, or thiocyanate to give rise to two dinuclear complexes of formulas [Ni₂(L)(L¹)₂N₃]·H₂O (1), [Ni₂(L²)₃(μ_1,1-N₃)]·2H₂O (2), and one tretranuclear complex [Ni₂(L²)₂(NCS)]₂(C₂H₅OH)₂ (3), where L¹ = HOCH₂CH(C₂H₅)NCHC₆H₃(O⁻)(OCH₃) and L² = HO(CH₂)₂NCHC₆H₃(O⁻)(OCH₃). We have characterized these complexes by analytical, crystal structures, and variable temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnetic properties of the complexes are studied by magnetic susceptibility (χ_M) vs. temperature measurements. The χ_M T vs. T plots reveal that compounds 1, 2 and 3 are ferromagnetically coupled.     

Design, synthesis, and bioactivity of cyanonitrovinyl neonicotinoids as potential insecticides

Abstract  

A series of cyanonitrovinyl neonicotinoids were designed and synthesized via five steps in about 35% overall yields. All compounds were structurally characterized by ¹H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), ¹³C NMR, infrared (IR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), and single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of 2-[1-[(6-chloropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinylidene]-2-nitroacetonitrile revealed that the double bond is (E)-configured. The preliminary agriculture bioassay indicated that one compound exhibited moderate insecticidal activity against pea aphid.     

Preparation and electrochemical performance of Li3V2(PO4)3/C cathode material by spray-drying and carbothermal method

Composite Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C cathode material can be synthesized by spray-drying and carbothermal method. The monoclinic-phase Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C was prepared with the process of double spray drying at 260 °C and subsequent heat treatment at 750 °C for 12 h. The results indicate that the Li₃V₂(PO₄)₃/C presents large reversible discharge capacity of 121.9 mA h g⁻¹ and charge capacity of 131.8 mA h g⁻¹ at the current density of C/5, good rate capability with 61.1 mA h g⁻¹ at 20C, and excellent capacity retention rate close to 100% at various current densities in the region of 3.0–4.3 V.     

Inhibition of J-aggregation of meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin by an ionic liquid with π-conjugated character

Abstract  

UV–visible spectral observations indicate that the J-aggregation of protonated meso-tetra(4-sulfonatophenyl)porphyrin ([H₂TSPP]²⁺) under acidic conditions is completely inhibited by the π–π counteraction between 1-butyl-pyridinium tetrafluoroborate ([bpy]BF₄) and [H₂TSPP]²⁺. The studies also suggest that the intermolecular π–π force is of relative importance for the J-aggregates of [H₂TSPP]²⁺ and the intermolecular electrostatic force for the H-aggregates.     

A novel mononuclear square-planar copper(II) complex (Pip-H+)2[CuL4]2? with 2-cyano-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid as ligand: synthesis, crystal structures, spectral and thermal studies

Abstract  

2-Cyano-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid and its novel mononuclear square-planar copper(II) complex dipiperidinium tetrakis[2-cyano-3-(2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)acrylic acid]copper(II) ((Pip-H⁺)₂[CuL₄]²⁻) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, FT–IR, UV–Vis spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, the ligand was characterized by ¹H and ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. The structures of the ligand and its copper(II) complex were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray crystallography. Whereas the ligand crystallizes in the triclinic space group Pī with unit cell parameters a = 4.6911(2) ?, b = 9.0181(4) ?, c = 13.7084(6) ?, α = 74.946(4)°, β = 87.152(4)°, γ = 89.220(4)°, V = 559.34(4) ?³, and Z = 2, the complex crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pccn with unit cell parameters a = 27.5486(5) ?, b = 12.9484(2) ?, c = 15.8822(3) ?, V = 5,665.34(17) ?³, and Z = 4.     

O-Tolyl/benzyl dithiocarbonates of phosphorus(III) and (V): syntheses and characterization

Abstract  

O-Tolyl/benzyl dithiocarbonates, ROCS₂Na (R = o-, m-, or p-CH₃C₆H₄–, and –CH₂C₆H₅), were synthesized and characterized. These new ligands reacted with PCl₃/POCl₃ in refluxing toluene which resulted in the formation of phosphorus(III) and phosphorus(V) tolyl/benzyl dithiocarbonates corresponding to [(ROCS₂) _n PCl_3−n ] and [(ROCS₂) _n POCl_3−n ] (R = o-, m-, or p-CH₃C₆H₄–, and –CH₂C₆H₅; n = 1, 2, 3). These pale yellow liquid compounds were characterized by IR, mass, and NMR (¹H, ¹³C, and ³¹P) spectral studies, which suggest the dithiocarbonate ligands bind in a monodentate mode leading to P–S–C linkages in these derivatives.     

Biophysical, spectroscopic vis-à-vis biochemical investigation on DNA–metalloprotein interaction: a model study involving cobalt(II)-glutathione complex

Abstract  

The interaction of cobalt(II)-glutathione (CoGSH) with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) has been studied by UV–vis, fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD), thin-film infrared (IR), and viscometric techniques. From the UV-spectroscopic method, binding constant (K _b) was determined and was found to be 2.3 × 10⁶ M⁻¹. In fluorimetric analysis, the quenching of fluorescence intensity of DNA bound to ethidium bromide (EB) was investigated. The Stern–Volmer quenching constant (K _sv) was also estimated from this study and was found to be 2.8 × 10⁶ M⁻¹at 37 °C. The solution CD spectra of DNA and DNA–CoGSH indicate that in each case, DNA exists in the ‘B’ conformation and suggested an intercalative binding mode. Thin-film IR data also reveal that DNA attains the ‘B’ family of conformations after interaction with CoGSH complex. The increase in DNA viscosity in the presence of CoGSH complexes is attributed to the lengthening of DNA helix due to intercalation.     

Dioxygen affinities of Schiff base cobalt(II) complexes with aza-crown or morpholino pendants

Abstract  

Schiff base Co(II) complexes, CoL₂¹–CoL₂⁶ with aza-crown or morpholino pendants were synthesized. The oxygenation constants (KO₂) of these complexes in MeOCH₂CH₂OMe solution were measured over the range of −5 to 25 °C, and the thermodynamic parameters (∆H ⁰, ∆S ⁰) for oxygenation were calculated based on these KO₂ values. The effects of different substituents on the Schiff base ligand with respect to the modulation of O₂-binding capability were explored. The results indicate that the dioxygen affinities of the Co(II) complexes are much more enhanced by aza-crown pendants than that by morpholino pendants, and the O₂-binding capabilities of the aza-crown pendants complexes can also be enhanced by adding Na⁺ cations.     

Bismuth flux crystal growth of RERh6P4 (RE?=?Sc, Yb, Lu): new phosphides with a superstructure of the LiCo6P4 type

Abstract  

The rhodium-rich phosphides RERh₆P₄ (RE = Sc, Yb, Lu) were synthesized from the constituent elements in bismuth fluxes and their structures were refined from X-ray single-crystal diffractometer data: P3, a = 6.968(2), c = 3.666(2) ?, wR (F ²) = 0.0481, 895 F ² for ScRh₆P₄; a = 6.971(1), c = 3.673(1) ?, wR (F ²) = 0.0614, 700 F ² for YbRh₆P₄; a = 6.971(2), c = 3.682(1) ?, wR (F ²) = 0.0828, 722 F ² for LuRh₆P₄ with 37 variables per refinement. All three crystals are twinned. The twinning and the structural relationship with the aristotype LiCo₆P₄, space group P[`6]m2P\bar 6m2 are discussed on the basis of a group–subgroup scheme. The RERh₆P₄ phosphides belong to the large number of metal-rich compounds with a metal-to-phosphorus ratio near 2:1. The isolated phosphorus atoms have trigonal prismatic metal coordination by RE and Rh atoms. The high rhodium content leads to a pronounced rhodium substructure (278–293 pm Rh–Rh in ScRh₆P₄). From a geometrical point of view, the RERh₆P₄ structures can be viewed as intergrowth variants of slightly distorted ThCr₂Si₂-related slabs as realized for KRh₂P₂.     

Thermodynamic data for lanthanoid(III) sequestration by phytate at different temperatures

Abstract  

The results of an investigation on the interactions between phytate ion (myo-inositol hexaphosphate, Phy) and some lanthanoid cations (La³⁺, Nd³⁺, Sm³⁺, Dy³⁺, and Yb³⁺) are reported. The stability constants of various LnH _j Phy species (Ln = generic lanthanoid) were determined by potentiometry (ISE-H⁺ glass electrode) in NaCl_aq at I = 0.15 mol dm⁻³ and t = 25 °C, and the corresponding formation enthalpies by calorimetric titration. The thermodynamic data obtained were used to provide a speciation scheme for the lanthanoid(III)–phytate systems at different temperatures. The sequestering ability of this ligand toward Ln³⁺ was also evaluated by calculation of pL₅₀ values (the total concentration of ligand necessary to bind 50% of a cation present in trace amounts) under different conditions, and equations were formulated to model their dependence on temperature and pH.     

Cholesterol complexes with some proton acceptors in benzene and toluene solutions

Abstract  

Cholesterol complexes with tri-n-butyl phosphate, tri-n-octylamine, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and cyclohexanone in benzene and toluene solutions were studied using conventional IR spectroscopy. The spectra were recorded in the region of fundamental OH stretching (3,700–3,100 cm⁻¹) at 298 K. The experimental spectra were resolved into bands corresponding to the cholesterol monomer and particular oligomeric and complex species. The formation constants of complexes were determined from the-least squares plots of the linearized expressions of Bjerrum’s formation function. The stoichiometry of complexes was also identified in this way. The identification of the particular resolved bands was performed from their location, and from the dependence of their intensity on the cholesterol monomer and free base concentration.     

Thiolate-bridged Trinuclear Heterobimetallic Complexes [Cd(μ-SPh-4-Me)4{M(PPh3)2}2] (M?=?Cu, Ag) and [Sn(μ-SPh)6(AgPPh3)2]

Abstract  

Reaction of the [Me₄N]₂[Cd(SPh-4-Me)₄] with two equivalents of [M(PPh₃)₂NO₃] afforded the neutral linear trinuclear complexes [Cd(μ-SPh-4-Me)₄{M(PPh₃)₂}₂] (M = Cu 1, Ag 2) in which two [M(PPh₃)₂]⁺ fragments chelate with the opposite edges of a tetrahedral [Cd(SPh-4-Me)₄]²⁻ moiety via the sulfur atoms of the Me-4-PhS⁻ species. Treatment of [Sn(SPh)₄] with two equivalents of [Ag(PPh₃)₂NO₃] gave the neutral linear trinuclear complex [Sn(μ-SPh)₆(AgPPh₃)₂] (3) that is composed of a central distorted SnS₆ octahedron sharing two opposite planes with two slightly distorted AgS₃P tetrahedrons. Complexes 2 and 3 are air and optically stable. Their nonlinear optical absorption and refraction were investigated under the same conditions. The nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of complex 2 were determined to be α ₂ = 3.11 × 10⁻¹¹ m/W and n ₂ = 4.15 × 10⁻¹² esu, respectively. The nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of complex 3 were determined to be α ₂ = 8.36 × 10⁻¹¹ m/W and n ₂ = 1.47 × 10⁻¹¹ esu, respectively.     

Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Photophysical Properties, and DFT Calculations of a Bis(tetrathia-calix[4]arene) Tetracadmium Complex

Abstract  

Thiacalix[4]arenes are a unique family of polydentate ligands that offer a combination of four soft sulfur atoms together with four hard phenol oxygen atoms for binding to metal ions. In this study, the tetranuclear cadmium (II) complex Cd₄^II(tca)₂·1.5CH₂Cl₂ (tca⁴⁻ = tetra-anionic p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene) (1) was synthesized by reaction of a deprotonated p-tert-butylthiacalix[4]arene and various Cd^II salts. The structure of 1 was established by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The neutral complex 1 contains a square arrangement of four cadmium (II) ions sandwiched between two tca⁴⁻ ligands that have a ‘cone’ conformation similar to that of the free ligand. The absorption and emission properties of the free ligand H₄tca and complex 1 have been recorded and explained by DFT calculations of the molecular orbitals and electronic transitions between them.     

N–H···O=P hydrogen-bonded dimers as the main structural motif of aminophosphonate diesters

Abstract  

Crystal and molecular structures of three aminophosphonate diesters, diethyl and dibutyl [α-(quinolin-3-ylamino)-N-benzyl]phosphonates (1 and 2) and dibutyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]phosphonate (3) were reported and comparatively discussed. Characteristic structural features for these compounds are strong N–H···O=P hydrogen bonds that connect two organophosphorus molecules in cyclic centrosymmetric dimer. Phosphoryl oxygen forms additional interaction with a C–H donor from the nearby aromatic group. Dimer formation in solution was also confirmed using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Mass spectra of six structurally similar aminophosphonate derivatives, 1–3 along with diethyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-3-yl)methyl]phosphonate (4), diethyl and dibutyl [α-anilino-(quinolin-2-yl)methyl]phosphonates (5 and 6) were studied and dimolecular ions [2M + Na]⁺ and [2M + H]⁺ were observed.