蓖麻油和聚氧乙基蓖麻油的结构和组成的波谱表征

核磁共振波谱法;质谱法;红外光谱法;蓖麻油和聚氧乙基蓖麻油的结构和组成的波谱表征     

Determination of Organophosphorus Pesticides in Soybean Oil, Peanut Oil and Sesame Oil by Low-Temperature Extraction and GC-FPD

A low-temperature clean-up method for residue determination was developed and validated for 14 organophosphorus pesticides in soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil by gas chromatography with flame photometric detector (GC-FPD). A different matrix influenced the response and retention time of pesticides. Hence matrix-matched calibration standards were used to counteract the matrix effect. The pesticide responses in blank samples of soybean oil, peanut oil and sesame oil were within the linear range of 0.02–1 mg kg⁻¹ and the correlation coefficients were higher than 0.9989. Average recoveries obtained from different oil samples at three fortified levels were higher than 50% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of less than 15%. The limit of detections (LODs) of studied pesticides ranged from 2 to 5 μg kg⁻¹. Thirty-nine commercial samples were analyzed, and the results were confirmed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) in selective ion monitoring (SIM) mode.     

Oil and gas production

Colloid and interface science is fundamental to many aspects of oil and gas production processes. This review focuses on recent advances in water-based drilling fluids, reservoir fracturing fluids, polymer gels for modifying reservoir permeability, avoiding problems caused by colloidal asphaltene oil fractions and characterising the wettability of reservoir rocks. There have been major advances in the design and responsiveness of polymer and surfactant fluids, in the understanding and control of shale clayrock swelling and in the relationships between mesoscopic-scale phenomena in porous media and reservoir production performance.     

费谢尔判别法鉴别原油/燃料油

以多环芳烃作为变量,建立了原油、燃料油属性鉴别的费谢尔判别法。分别测定了来自不同国家和地区的26个原油样品和25个燃料油样品中8种多环芳烃的含量,并将它们作为判别变量。借助SPSS 16.0进行费谢尔判别分析,建立费谢尔判别函数。将未知样品的判别变量值代入后,可以快速地得知样品的类别。结果表明,以多环芳烃作为判别变量进行原油、燃料油费谢尔判别快速而准确。     

食用油中非食用油的检验

介绍了食用油中含有的桐油、大麻油、蓖麻油、巴豆油、棉籽油及矿物油等非食用油的检验方法,简便易行,对食用油中含有的非食用油成分的检验有一定的参考作用。     

区分动植物油的气相色谱-质谱分析

在实际办案中,经常需要对附着在不同载体上的油脂斑痕进行检验,嫌疑斑痕为何类何种油脂对案件的侦破有重大意义.各个领域的专家对动植物油的成分进行研究的目的各不相同,食品工业中偏重于动植物油的食用价值,医学中偏重研究油脂对身体的益处或危害,而司法鉴定领域,偏重于对常见油类进行定性分析,从而为侦查破案提供线索.     

油脂氢化

本文在简要介绍油脂组成和结构的基础上说明了油脂氢化的目的与要求。着重叙述了油脂氢化反应的机理、“油脂氢化选择性”的概念的发展、以及各种氢化反应条件对油脂氢化速率及选择性的影响。进一步说明催化剂作用原理在于降低氢化反应的活化能。最后指出我国当前油脂氢化领域研究的一个热点是食用油氢化催化剂的研制,可望不久的将来即会有所突破。     

基于费谢尔判别法的原油、燃料油鉴别技术研究

对原油、燃料油的鉴别方法进行了研究.以来自不同国家和地区的30个原油样品以及不同产地、不同种类的24个燃料油样品中的正构烷烃(n-C7～30)、植烷(Ph)、姥鲛烷(Pr)的含量构成训练集.借助SPSS 16.0进行费谢尔(Fisher)判别分析,建立Fisher判别函数.将判别变量值代入后,得到样本的空间位置,再计算样本至各组重心的距离,据此判断分类情况.结果表明,Fisher判别法可以很好地用于原油和燃料油的鉴别,具有快速、准确等特点.     

原油中双环倍半萜指纹的内标法分析

采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术,建立了原油中双环倍半萜化合物内标法半定量的分析方法,确定了基于谱图特征、确认离子m/z 123、179、193、207及计算保留指数的组分定性方法,对10种双环倍半萜化合物进行了定性、定量分析.对不同地理位置海上油井平台9个原油的双环倍半萜指纹进行了分析.研究结果表明:原油中双环倍半萜化合物总含量在600～8000μg/g之间;各原油中均以4,4,8,9,9-五甲基十氢化萘(BS3)、4,4,8,9,9-五甲基十氢化萘(BS4)、C16-sesquiterpane(BS8)、8β(H)-升补身烷(BS10)化合物的含量较高,占双环倍半萜总量的60％以上;不同地理位置的原油中双环倍半萜含量的分布规律为:涠洲岛海区＞渤海海区＞进口原油G1、G2;国外原油G3的双环倍半萜含量与渤海原油B3的含量相当,但分布形式不同.同一区块不同采油平台原油中的双环倍半萜指纹非常相似,不同来源的原油中双环倍半萜化合物的分布特征及含量有很大的差异.通过此方法可以实现不同来源原油的准确鉴别.     

Formation of Consolidated Bed by Carbon Sorbent and Oil in Removal of Spilled Oil

Formation of a consolidated bed by carbon sorbent and oil in sorption removal of spilled oil was observed and substituted experimentally; the dynamics of this process was analyzed. A process for eliminating oil spills on the water surface using a carbon sorbent was developed.     

基于植物油的润滑油基础油及添加剂合成研究

综述了植物油用作润滑油基础油的改性方法,包括提高植物油中油酸含量的生物改性方法、减少植物油分子不饱和度和提高植物油分子支化度的化学改性方法以及加入硼酸类添加剂或氮化硼纳米粒子等添加剂改性方法;通过在植物油分子中引入功能性官能团以及与其他单体聚合等方法可由植物油合成润滑油添加剂,提高油品的增黏、降凝和抗磨等性能。      

植物油酸／Tween—60复配体系与原油间的界面张力

研究了植物油酸及其中和物／Ｔｗｅｅｎ－６０复配体系与大庆原油间界面张力随各种因素的变化规律，结果表明，当０．４０％ＮａＣｌ存在时，植物油酸中和度为０．８５，ＮａＣｌ浓度为０．９０％时，复配以０．１０％Ｔｗｅｅｎ－６０既可使体系兼容，又可使之保持较低界面张力。     

植物油酸／Tween－60复配体系与原油间的界面张力

研究了植物油酸及其中和物／Ｔｗｅｅｎ－６０复配体系与大庆原油间界面张力随各种因素的变化规律。结果表明，当０．４０％ＮａＣｌ存在时，植物油酸中和度为０．８５，ＮａＣｌ浓度为０．９０％时，复配以０．１０％Ｔｗｅｅｎ－６０既可使体系兼容，又可使之保持较低界面张力。     

准噶尔盆地陆梁油田部分原油生物降解程度与重排藿烷的相互关系

1原油的分类 原油生物降解现象在准噶尔盆地普遍存在,在陆梁油田部分原油中,还普遍存在新藿烷系列和重排藿烷系列.据最新研究成果表明,陆梁油田原油来自同一油源,我们本次研究准噶尔盆地陆梁油田部分原油以同一油源为前提.     

Polyurethane Dispersions Based on Sardine Fish Oil,Soybean Oil,and Their Interesterification Products

Alkyd resins were synthesized from different ratios of sardine fish oil and soybean oil. Three alkyd resin samples were styrenated. The styrenated alkyd resins and alkyd resins were subsequently converted into the polyurethane dispersions. The physicochemical properties, such as iodine value, saponification value, and specific gravity were determined. Infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance techniques were used for structural elucidation of newly synthesized resins. The coating properties, such as adhesion, flexibility, scratch hardness, pencil hardness, impact, solvent, and chemical resistance were evaluated. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to investigate the thermal stability of alkyd resin and polyurethane dispersions. Cost effective volatile organic components (VOC) compliant coatings for various applications can be synthesized successfully by partly replacing soybean oil with commercially available, inexpensive sardine fish oil.     

红外光谱法测定航空润滑油液压油中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚含量

用红外光谱法测定航空润滑油、航空液压油中抗氧剂2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的含量.用光学衰减器作补偿,记录试样在3 760～3 550cm-1区间的红外光谱,基线法计算试样中2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的羟基伸缩振动吸收带在3 650 cm-1处的吸光度.以工作曲线定量.2,6-二叔丁基对甲酚的质量分数在0.05%～0.10%范围内服从比耳定律.其线性回归方程为A=0.003 03+0.560 81 C,相关系数为0.998 0.     

木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料的制备及性能

以过氧化苯甲酰为引发剂,制备了木棉纤维接枝聚苯乙烯吸油材料。考察了引发剂浓度、单体浓度、反应温度和反应时间等因素对吸油材料吸油性能的影响。红外光谱表明苯乙烯接枝到了木棉纤维分子骨架上。在引发剂浓度为1.77 mmol/L、单体浓度为0.16 mol/L、反应温度80°C和反应2 h的条件下,吸油材料有最大的吸油倍率,对...