Precipitation of Bismuth(III) Oxochloride from Nitrate Solutions

X-ray phase analysis, thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis were used to study precipitation of bismuth from nitrate solutions upon addition of aqueous solutions of hydrochloric acid or ammonium chloride. The conditions in which bismuth(III) oxochloride of BiOCl composition is formed and the possibility of obtaining a high-purity product were determined.     

Conductivity Studies on Aqueous Solutions of Stereoisomers of Tartaric Acids and Tartrates. Part III. Acidic Tartrates

Conductivity measurements on aqueous solutions of sodium hydrogen tartrate and potassium hydrogen tartrate were performed in the temperature range 5–35°C. By including the dissociation equilibria, the experimental conductivities of the acidic salts can be well described using equivalent limiting conductivities of the bitartrate anion (HTar^–) and the tartrate anion (1/2 Tar^2–) when applying the Quint and Viallard equations for unsymmetrical electrolytes.     

Precipitation of Titanium(IV) and Iron(III) Phosphates from Sulfuric Acid Solutions

Conditions for the precipitation of phosphates from solutions of titanium(IV) sulfate containing iron(III) were studied. The precipitation of components and the mechanism of the phase formation in the system under study were considered in relation to the TiO₂ : Fe₂O₃ ratio in the starting solution.     

Solubility of Lead Nitrate in Aqueous Solutions of Nitric Acid and Iron(III) Nitrate

Solubility of lead(II) nitrate in the system H₂O-Fe(NO₃)₃-HNO₃ was studied using the simplex-lattice method of experiment design.     

Bismuth(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide

Bismuth(III) bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amide (Bi(NTf₂)₃, 3) has been prepared from the reaction of protiodemetallation of tri-p-tolylbismuth by a stoichiometric amount of bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)amine (1). The intermediates BiPh_3−n(NTf₂)_n (n=2 (4), 1 (5)) resulting from the reaction of 1 with triphenylbismuth have also been isolated. The amide 3 was able to catalyze the benzoylation and the benzenesulfonylation of toluene.     

Synthesis of Copper-Chromium-Barium Catalyst from Tetraamminecopper(II) Nitrate Solutions

A method is proposed for obtaining copper-chromium-barium catalyst with the use of a nitrate ammonia solution of copper(II), obtained as a result of leaching of a spent copper-chromium-barium catalyst.     

Structures of Bismuth(III) Complexonates in Aqueous Solutions Studied by 1H NMR Method

Aqueous solutions of bismuth(III) nitrilotriacetates BiNta · 2H₂O and M₃Bi(Nta)₂ ·nH₂O (M = Na, K, Rb, Cs, NH₄, CN₃H₆, n = 0–4) and the K[Bi(Edta)(Tu)₂] complex (Edta^4– is the anion of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Tu is thiocarbamide) are studied by the ¹H NMR method at room temperature in the pH interval from 2 to 11. The formation of two types of bismuth nitrilotriacetate complexes in solutions is established. They are characterized by the presence (type 1) or absence (type 2) of the Bi–N bond. Their ratio, depending on the composition and pH of the solution, is determined. The K[Bi(Edta)(Tu)₂] compound in solutions occurs as one form. The pH values at which the substance begins to decompose are determined for each compound.     

Precipitation of bismuth(III) oxobromide from bromide media

Abstract—X-ray phase analysis, thermogravimetry, IR spectroscopy, and chemical analysis were used to study bismuth(III) precipitation from nitrate solutions upon addition of aqueous solutions of hydrobromic acid or ammonium bromide, and from bismuth-containing hydrobromic acid solutions. The conditions in which bismuth(III) oxobromide of BiOBr composition is formed were determined and the possibility of obtaining a high-purity product was assessed.     

Formation of Cr(III) Hydroxides from Chrome Alum Solutions: 1. Precipitation of Active Chromium Hydroxide

The formation of active chromium hydroxide, Cr(OH)₃·3H₂O, was studied through potentiometric titrations and turbidimetric measurements. UV-Vis and IR spectroscopies were also employed to characterize the synthesized solid. The rapid addition of NaOH solution to aqueous chrome alum (KCr(SO₄)₂·12H₂O) solutions caused the immediate precipitation of the active material. Only monomeric Cr(III) species seemed to be participating in the precipitation process; neither chromium polymers nor complexes with anions (SO²⁻₄, Cl⁻, NO⁻₃, ClO⁻₄) influenced the fast formation of Cr(OH)₃·3H₂O. Titration studies allowed the determination of several hydrolysis and precipitation constants for Cr(III). Nevertheless, they cannot be used for the estimate of Cr(OH)⁰₃formation constant.     

Bismuth(V) iron(III) tris(phosphate) oxide

Bi^V_0.4Fe₃^IIIO(PO₄)₃ crystallizes with two Fe atoms (one on an inversion centre and one on a mirror plane) displaying octahedral geometry and a third Fe atom (on a mirror plane) with trigonal bipyramidal coordination. Fe atoms are seen in oxy­gen‐bridged chains. Bi^V atoms are found in the interstitial sites between these chains. Bi shows sevenfold coordination, with Bi—O distances between 2.357 (7) and 2.529 (6) Å.     

Bismuth(III) dication trapped on a chlorobismuthate

Abstract

Metal cations observed with tetrachloroaluminate anion provide insights into the structure and stability of reactive cations. Addition of tris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate anion (Tp^Me2) to [BiCl₂][AlCl₄] traps a bismuth(III) dication, [Tp^Me2Bi]²⁺, possessing a highly electrophilic bismuth center with short coordinate Bi―N bonds. [Tp^Me2Bi]²⁺ has weak interactions with the chlorides of [Bi₃Cl₁₃]_∞. Strong affinity of [Tp^Me2Bi]²⁺ with the triflate (OTf) observed in [Tp^Me2Bi(OTf)₃]^- demonstrates the high electrophilicity at bismuth.     

Precipitation of bismuth(III) salicylates from mineral acid solutions

Powder X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetry, and chemical analysis were used to study the precipitation of bismuth(III) salicylates from perchloric, nitric, and hydrochloric acid solutions as dependent on the salicylate ion concentration, temperature, and pH. Depending on the synthesis parameters, precipitation from perchloric and nitric acid solutions yields monosalicylate BiOC₇H₅O₃ or disalicylate Bi₂O(C₇H₅O₃)₄.     

Anion Recognition with Antimony(III) and Bismuth(III) Triaryl-Based Pnictogen Bonding Receptors

The synthesis and characterisation of a library of acyclic antimony(III) and bismuth(III) triaryl pnictogen bonding (PnB) receptor systems are reported. In the first-generation receptor series, quantitative ¹H NMR chloride titration experiments in THF solvent media reveal halide anion binding potency is intimately correlated with both the electronic-withdrawing nature of the aryl- substituent and the polarisability of the PnB donor. Further extensive anion binding investigations with the most potent Sb- and Bi-based PnB receptors: 1⋅Sb^2CF3 and 1⋅Bi^2CF3 , reveal novel selectivity profiles, both displaying Cl⁻ selectivity relative to the heavier halides and, impressively, to a range of highly basic oxoanions. The synthesis and preliminary chloride anion binding studies of a series of novel tripodal tris-proto-triazole triaryl Sb(III) and Bi(III) mixed PnB-HB receptor systems are also described. Whereas parent triphenyl Sb(III) and Bi(III) compounds are incapable of binding Cl⁻ in THF solvent media, the PnB-triazole HB host systems exhibit notable halide affinity.     

Mechanistic Studies on Rhodium(III) Chelates Aquation of Cis-Dinitrobisbiguaniderhodium(III) Nitrate

Aquation of cis-dinitrobisbiguaniderhodium (III) nitrate was investigated conductometrically. Rates of the release of first and the second nitro groups were derived by a graphical method. For both the steps of aquation, the presence of electron accepting ‘nitro’ group, favours ‘bond formation’ by the incoming ligand in the transition stage and it occurs before the ‘bond rupture’ is complete. The loss of the second ‘nitro’ group most probably takes place along with a hydrogen ion from the ‘aquo’ ligand introduced in the first step of aquation with the resultant formation of the hydroxoaquobisbiguanide complex. Activation parameters were evaluated and are as follows: ΔH? are 18±1.2 and 18.6±1.1 k cals mole^?1 and ΔS? are ?15±2.7 and ?19±2.3 e. u. respectively for the first and the second steps of aquation.     

Improved Protocol for Mononitration of Phenols with Bismuth(III) and Iron(III) Nitrates

A simple and efficient multigram procedure was developed for the selective mononitration of various activated phenols. The reaction proceeded smoothly with 0.5 equivalents of Bi(NO₃)₃ · 5H₂O or Fe(NO₃)₃ · 9H₂O in acetone at ambient temperature or at reflux. The desired products were isolated in 62–93% total yield and essentially no overnitrated compounds were detected.     

Supported Bismuth(III) Nitrate on Silica Sulfuric Acid as Useful Reagent for Nitration of Aromatic Compounds under Solvent-Free Conditions

A number of aromatic compounds were nitrated to the corresponding nitroaromatic derivatives with the use of supported bismuth(III) nitrate on silica sulfuric acid under solvent-free conditions.     

Bismuth(III) reagents in steroid and terpene chemistry

Steroid and terpene chemistry still have a great impact on medicinal chemistry. Therefore, the development of new reactions or "greener" processes in this field is a contemporaneous issue. In this review, the use of bismuth(III) salts, as "ecofriendly" reagents/catalysts, on new chemical processes involving steroids and terpenes as substrates will be focused. Special attention will be given to some mechanistic considerations concerning selected reactions.     

A New,Mild, and Rapid Transformation of Acylals to Bisulfites in One-Pot Synthesis by Bismuth (III) Nitrate Pentahydrate

Abstract

Direct conversion of acylals to the corresponding bisulfites can be easily performed in the presence of bismuth (III) nitrate pentahydrate in ethanol at room temperature in good yields.     

Iron(III) Removal from Aluminum Sulfate Solutions by Sorption

Russian Journal of Applied Chemistry - Sorption of aluminum(III) and iron(III) from their individual solutions and of iron(III) impurity from Al2(SO4)3 solutions on macroporous resins, Puromet...