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1.
A new binuclear mercury(I) complex, [Hg2(L)2(NO3)2] (L = (4-nitrophenyl)pyridin-2-ylmethyleneamine), 1, has been synthesized and characterized by CHN analyses, IR, UV–vis spectroscopy and X-ray crystal structure analysis. The complex contains a metal–metal bonded core, [Hg–Hg]2+, in which a single bidentate imine ligand is coordinated to each mercury atom. The Hg atoms have an additional interaction with the oxygen atom of the NO3 ? ion. Theoretical studies show that the interaction energy between the two {Hg(L)NO3} fragments is about 45–59 kcal/mol depending on the level of calculation. The Mayer-Mulliken and Wiberg bond indices (WBI) for Hg–Hg bond at different levels of theory are about 0.75–0.88 and 0.60–0.70, respectively, and are significantly larger than that for Hg–N and Hg–O bonds. The NBO calculations by using different methods and basis sets also show that the S character in Hg–Hg bond is very large (94.65–97.81 %). All above data for this complex are compared with those for linear Hg2X2 (X = F,Cl, Br, I, Ph) complexes. Interestingly, the bond order for Hg–Hg bond in complex 1 is comparable with that for Hg2F2 and larger than those in above linear complexes. This is consistent with the experimental data indicating that the Hg–Hg bond in 1 is shorter than that in all above complexes, except Hg2F2.  相似文献   

2.
Photoionization efficiency data for Hg2+ have been obtained in the region of 650–1400 A. The ionization energy of Hg2 was determined to be 9.103 ± 0.010 eV. This value allows the calculation of the dissociation energy of Hg+2 to be 1.40 ± 0.02 eV. By analyzing the differences in energy between corresponding autoionization peaks observed in the Hg+ and the Hg2+ spectra and by assuming the charge induced-dipole interaction to be the dominant interaction between Hg+(2D5/2, 3/2) and Hg at the equilibrium bond distance of Hg2, the equilibrium bond distance for Hg2 was deduced to 3.35 A.  相似文献   

3.
Yellowish single crystals of acidic mercury(I) phosphate (Hg2)2(H2PO4)(PO4) were obtained at 200 °C under hydrothermal conditions in 32% HF from a starting complex of microcrystalline (Hg2)2P2O7. Refinement of single crystal data converged at a conventional residual R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 3.8% (C2/c, Z = 8, a = 9.597(2) Å, b = 12.673(2) Å, c = 7.976(1) Å, β = 110.91(1)°, V = 906.2(2) Å3, 1426 independent reflections > 2σ out of 4147 reflections, 66 variables). The crystal structure consists of Hg22+‐dumbbells and discrete phosphate groups H2PO4 and PO43–. The Hg22+ pairs are built of two crystallographically independent Hg atoms with a distance d(Hg1–Hg2) = 2.5240(6) Å. The oxygen coordination sphere around the mercury atoms is asymmetric with three O atoms for Hg1 and four O atoms for Hg2. The oxygen atoms belong to the different PO4 tetrahedra, which in case of H2PO4‐groups are connected by hydrogen bonding. Upon heating over 230 °C, (Hg2)2(H2PO4)(PO4) condenses to (Hg2)2P2O7, which in turn disproportionates at higher temperatures into Hg2P2O7 and elemental mercury.  相似文献   

4.
Mass spectra of doubly charged mercury clusters (m/z=30-1065) were investigated by secondary ion mass spectrometry. Positively charged ions were generated from an amalgam of mercury and silver by bombardment with a xenon ion beam and mass analysis by a grand-scale sector type mass spectrometer. Hg n 2+, n=1-10 and Hg n +, n =1- 5 were observed. Some doubly charged mercury clusters, (Hg n 2+) survived at least for 0.1 ms.  相似文献   

5.
Hg2(CH3SO3)2: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, Thermal Behavior, and Vibrational Spectroscopy Colorless single crystals of Hg2(CH3SO3)2 are formed in the reaction of HgO, Hg, and HSO3CH3. In the monoclinic compound (I2/a, Z = 4, a=883.2(2), b=854.0(2), c=1188.9(2) pm, β = 92.55(2)°, Rall=0.0445) the Hg22+ ion is coordinated by two monodentate CH3SO3 anions. Further contacts Hg‐O occur in the range from 262 to 276 pm and lead to a linkage of the [Hg2(CH3SO3)2] units. The thermal analysis shows that Hg2(CH3SO3)2 decomposes at 300° yielding elemental mercury. The mass numbers of the species evolved lead to the assumtion that SO3, SO2, CO2, CO and H2CO are formed during the reaction. In the IR and the Raman spectrum the typical vibrations of the CH3SO3 ion are observed, the Raman spectrum shows the Hg‐Hg stretching vibration at 177 cm—1 within the Hg22+ ion additionally.  相似文献   

6.
Colourless needles of mercurous dimethylglyoximato nitrate, Hg2(Dmg)2(NO3)2, grow from a diluted nitric acid solution of mercurous nitrate and dimethylglyoxime. The crystal structure (triclinic, P1¯, a = 728.50(13), b = 1066.8(2), c = 1167.9(2) pm, α = 93.78(2)°, β = 94.16(2)°, γ = 98.61(2)°, Rall = 0, 0726) contains the cations [Hg2(Dmg)2]2+ and “non‐coordinating” (NO3) anions. In the cation, two neutral dimethylglyoxime molecules coordinate bidentately with Hg—N distances in the narrow range of 236 to 239 pm to the mercurous ion, Hg22+, which exhibits a Hg—Hg bond distance of 252.23(8) pm).  相似文献   

7.
Results of measurements of the yield of Nd3+ radioluminescence photons in inorganic laser liquids POCl3-MCln-235UO 2 2+ -Nd3+ (M = Ti, Zr, Sn, or Sb) during homogeneous excitation by uranium α-particles are presented. It was found that the intensity of radioluminescence corresponding to the 4 F 3/24 I 11/2 transition in neodymium ions depends on the solvent composition. Data on the radiation-chemical yield, G, of excited neodymium ions in the POCl3-MCln-235UO 2 2+ -Nd3+ (M = Ti, Zr, Sn, or Sb) system were obtained. At a neodymium concentration of 0.25 mol/l, the values of G for the excited ions were 0.60 ± 0.10, 0.84 ± 0.10, 1.20 ± 0.10, and 1.64 ± 0.16 ion/100 eV in solutions with TiCl4, ZrCl4, SnCl4, and SbCl5, respectively. The maximum yields of excited ions estimated at G = 1.68 ± 0.10 and 2.20 ± 0.24 ion/100 eV were obtained for the solutions with SnCl4 and SbCl5, respectively, at neodymium ion concentrations above 0.4 mol/l.  相似文献   

8.
A new electronic systems has been observed from excited Hg vapour, which is assigned to collisionally induced emission from the Hg2 O±g first excited states of the dimer: Hg2O±g + M → 2Hg(6 1S0) + M + hvmax 3950 A). For M = N2, the rate coefficient is 5.3(±0.7) × 10?19 cm3 molecule?1 at 298 K. From time resolved measurements of the luminescence in the afterglow following pulsed excitation, the decay rate of the green emission, in an excess of N2, is shown to be a linear function of [Hg][N2]. It is concluded that the reaction which controls the decay of the excitation is formation of an excited trimer in a termolecular reaction; the trimer is the carrier of the green emission: Hg2 O±g + Hg(6 1S0 + Hg(61S0 + N2 → Hg33Πu + N2. The rate coefficient is 1.10(±0.07) × 10?30 cm6 molecule?2 s?1 at 298 K.  相似文献   

9.
E. M. F. of the Cell, Cd-Hg (2-phase)/CdAc2(m), Hg2Ac2(s)/Hg was measured at 20°, 25°, 30° and 40°C. The standard e. m. f. of the cell, Cd/CdAc3(m), Hg2Ac2(c)/Hg was evaluated as E°=1.1500?11.09×10?4T+1.06×10?8T2 The thermodynamic data of the reaction, Cd(c) + Hg2Ac2(c)=2Hg(l)+Cd++(aq)+2Ac?(aq) at 25°C were estimated as ΔF°=?42,139, ΔH°=?48,698 cal mole?1 and ΔS°=?22.0 cal deg?1 mole?1 at 25°C. The thermodynamic data for the formation of Hg2Ac2(s) were evaluated as ΔFf°=?202.3, ΔHf°=?154.5 Kcal mole?1 and S°=72.9 cal deg?1 mole?1. From measurements of the heats of solution of CdAc2·2H2O in aqueous solution, the relative partial molal enthalpies of cadmium acetate in aqueous solution were estimated.  相似文献   

10.
The effusion technique with mass spectral recording of ions was employed to investigate the ionic component of molybdenum trifluoride saturated vapour. The equilibrium constants of ion—molecular reactions involving MoF5?, MoF6? and MoOF4? were measured. The following thermodynamic values were obtained from experimental data: MoF4(g) + F?(g) = MoF5?(g),ΔH2980 = ?382.0 ± 20.1 kJ/mole; MoF5(g) + F?(g) = MoF6?(g), ΔH2980 = ?413.4 ± 20.1 kJ/mole; MoOF3(g) + F?(g) = MoOF4?, ΔH2980 = ?418.0 ± 20.5 kJ/mole; EA(MoF5 = 3.6 ± 0.2 eV, EA(MoF6) = 3.6 ± 0.2 eV, EA(MoOF4) = 4.0 ± 0.4 eV. Reported as well as estimated molecular constants were used to calculate thermodynamic functions of some participants of ion—molecular reactions. For MoOF3, BeF3? and Be2F5? vibration frequencies were calculated from the estimated force field.  相似文献   

11.
Isotope ratio measurements characterizing 202Hg/200Hg in NIST SRM 3133 Mercury Standard Solution were undertaken by multicollector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry employing NIST SRM 997 Tl for mass bias correction by use of the slope and the intercept obtained from a natural logarithmic plot of each session of measurements of 202Hg/200Hg against 205Tl/203Tl. The calculated value of 1.285333 ± 0.000192 (mean and one standard deviation, n = 40) for the mass bias corrected 202Hg/200Hg was then used for mass bias correction of other Hg isotope pairs. Ratios of 0.015337 ± 0.000011, 1.68770 ± 0.00054, 2.3056 ± 0.0015, 1.3129 ± 0.0013, 2.9634 ± 0.0038, and 0.67937 ± 0.0013 (expanded uncertainty, k = 2) were obtained for 196Hg/198Hg, 199Hg/198Hg, 200Hg/198Hg, 201Hg/198Hg, 202Hg/198Hg, and 204Hg/198Hg, respectively. Reduction of Hg(II) to Hg0 in solutions of SRM 3133 was then undertaken using SnCl2, NaBH4, UV photolysis in the presence of formic acid, and ethylation of Hg(II) using NaBEt4. These reactions induced significant isotope fractionation with maximum values of 1.17 ± 0.07, 1.08 ± 0.09, 1.34 ± 0.07, and 3.59 ± 0.09‰ (one standard deviation, 1SD, n = 5) for δ 202/198Hg relative to the initial isotopic composition in the solution following 85–90% reduction of the Hg by SnCl2, NaBH4, UV photolysis, and ethylation with NaBEt4, respectively. Mass-dependent fractionation was found to be dominant for all reduction processes. Figure Mass dependence of fractionation for all samples from Hg fractionation experiments using NaBEt4. Solid lines are the theoretically predicted MDF based on δ202/198 Hg using equation 7. Error bars displayed are one standard deviation of the mean of 5 measurements of each sample  相似文献   

12.
The interaction between mercuric ion and apoCopC in the absence or presence of cupric ion was investigated through difference UV spectra in Hepes buffer (10 mmol·L^-1) at pH 7.4. The results suggest that mercuric ion can bind to C- and N-terminal binding sites of apoCopC, and the conditional binding constants were calculated to be kN=(6.79± 1.12)× 10^6 mol^-1·L and kc=(3.06±0.05)× 10^5 mol^-1·L. Using urea as a chemical agent, the conformational stabilities of apoCopC and HgN^2+ -CopC-Hgc^2+ were monitored by fluorescence spectrum in Hepes buffer (50 mmol·L^-1) at pH 7.4. The free energy of stabilization is (14.69±0.85) and (16.66±0.55) kJ.mol^-1, respectively. HgN^2+ -CopC-Hgc^2+ is more stable than apoCopC.  相似文献   

13.
A single probe of an Au nanocluster–CdTe quantum dots nanocomposite has been developed by using tripeptide‐capped CdTe quantum dots (QD) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) protein‐conjugated Au25 nanocluster (NC) for detection of both Hg2+ ion and F? ion. The formation of Au‐NC–CdTe QD nanocomposite has been confirmed by TEM, steady state and time resolved spectroscopy, CD and FTIR studies. A significant signal off (74 % PL quenching at 553 nm) phenomenon of this nanocomposite is observed in presence of 6.56×10?7 M Hg2+ ion, due to salt‐induced aggregation. However, a dramatic PL enhancement (128 %) of the Au‐NC–CdTe QD nanocomposite is observed in presence of 8.47×10?7 M F? anion. The calculated limit of detections (LOD) of Hg2+ ion concentration and F? ion concentration are found to be 9 and 117 nM , respectively, which are within the safety range set by the United States Environment Protection Agency. Thus, the simple Au‐NC–CdTe QD optical‐based sensor is very useful to detect both toxic cations and anions.  相似文献   

14.
The inclusion of Hg among the transition metals is readily debated. Recently, molecular HgF4 was synthesized in a low‐temperature noble gas but the potential of Hg to form compounds beyond a +2 oxidation state in a stable solid remains unresolved. We propose high‐pressure techniques to prepare unusual oxidation states of Hg‐based compounds. Using an advanced structure search algorithm and first‐principles electronic structure calculations, we find that under high pressure Hg in Hg? F compounds transfers charge from the d orbitals to the F, thus behaving as a transition metal. Oxidizing Hg to +4 and +3 yielded the thermodynamically stable compounds HgF4 and HgF3. The former consists of HgF4 planar molecules, a typical geometry for d8 metal centers. HgF3 is metallic and ferromagnetic owing to the d9 configuration of Hg, with a large gap between its partially occupied and unoccupied bands under high pressure.  相似文献   

15.
Colourless single crystals of [Hg(OH)](NO3)(H2O) were obtained by slow evaporation of an aqueous solution of Hg(NO3)2 and Bi(NO3)3. The crystal structure (orthorhombic, Pbca, Z = 8, a = 943.2(2), b = 697.6(1), c = 1349.0(2) pm, R1(all) = 0.0780) contains [Hg(OH)] = …OH–Hg–OH–Hg… zig zag chains (O–Hg–O angle: 168°, Hg–O–Hg angle: 112°, Hg–OH distance: 212 pm) to which one water molecule is attached loosely. The [Hg(OH)](H2O) chains are connected via bis‐monodentate‐bridging nitrate ions to corrugated layers that are stacked in the [001] direction. Hg2+ has an effective 2+2+2(+1) coordination.  相似文献   

16.
On Fluorides of Univalent and Divalent Mercury For the first time Rb2HgF4 and Cs2HgF4, both colourless, have been obtained. From single crystal investigations they crystallize tetragonal in the K2NiF4-type of structure, space group I4/mrnm-D4h17 (No. 139) with a = 455.6 pm, c = 1375.7 pm, Z = 2 for Rb2HgF4 and a = 462.5 pm, c = 1451.8 pm, Z = 2 for Cs2HgF4. The determination of the crystal structure of Hg2F2 confirmed the unit cell [1] with a = 367.00(4) pm, c = 1090.1(2) pm, Z = 2 space group I4/mrnm-D4h17 (No. 139).  相似文献   

17.
Polycationic Hg–As Frameworks with Trapped Anions. II Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Magnetism of (Hg6As4)[MoCl6]Cl, (Hg6As4)[TiCl6]Cl, and (Hg6As4)[TiBr6]Br (Hg6As4)[MoCl6]Cl is obtained by reaction of Hg2Cl2, Hg, As, and MoCl4 in closed, evacuated glass ampoules in a temperature gradient 450 → 400 °C in form of dark red cubelike crystals. (Hg6As4)[TiCl6]Cl and (Hg6As4)[TiBr6]Br are also formed in closed, evacuated ampoules from Hg2X2 (X = Cl, Br), Hg, As, and Ti metal at 275 °C and 245 °C in form of dark green and black crystals, respectively. All three compounds are air and light sensitive. They crystallize isotypically (cubic, Pa 3, a = 1207.8(4) pm for (Hg6As4)[MoCl6]Cl, a = 1209.4(3) pm for (Hg6As4)[TiCl6]Cl, a = 1230.9(3) pm for (Hg6As4)[TiBr6]Br, Z = 4). The structures consist of a three‐dimensionally connected Hg–As framework which is made up of As2 groups (As–As distance averaged 242 pm) each connected via six Hg atoms to six neighbouring As2 groups. There are two cavities of different size in the polycationic framework. The bigger cavity is filled with [MoCl6]3–, [TiCl6]3–, and [TiBr6]3– ions of nearly ideal octahedral shape, the smaller cavity with discrete halide ions. The magnetic properties of the two Ti containing compounds are in accordance with a d1 paramagnetism. The temperature dependence and the magnitude of the magnetic moment can be interpreted with consideration of the spin‐orbit coupling. The so far known representatives of this structure type can be characterised by the ionic formula (Hg6Y4)4+[MX6]3–X (Y = As, Sb; M = Sb3+, Bi3+, Mo3+, Ti3+; X = Cl, Br).  相似文献   

18.
Geometry optimization of small (H2O)n+ clusters (n ≤ 4) at the UHF/4–31 + + G** level indicates that the cations consist of two fragments: the OH radical and the H2n−1 O+n−1 ion. The latter can be considered as a thermodynamically stable combination of a distorted H3O+ ion and (n−2) H2O molecules. The H bond between the fragments becomes weaker with increasing cluster size. Extrapolation of the adiabatic ionization potentials calculated for the (H2O)n oligomers (n ≤ 4) at the MP2 level to an infinite cluster size provides the value of approximately 8.7 eV, which can be presumably necessary for the ionization of liquid water in a vacuum. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.  相似文献   

19.
A remarkable transition in the chemical bonding in (HgF2)n clusters as a function of n is identified and characterized. HgF2 is a fascinating material. Certain significant consequences of relativistic effects on the structure of the HgF2 molecule, dimer, and trimer disappear in the extended solid. Relativistic effects in Hg ensure that HgX2 molecules (X≡F, Cl, Br, and I) are linear, rigid, and form weakly bound dimers and trimers held together by weak electrostatic and van der Waals‐type forces (unlike ZnX2 and CdX2 systems in which the intermonomer contacts are strong polar covalent bonds). For HgF2, the location and nature of an apparent transition from weak interactions in the smallest (HgF2)n clusters to ionic bonding in the (fluorite) HgF2 extended solid has remained a mystery. Computational evidence obtained at the M06‐2X, B97D3, and MP2 levels of theory and reported herein indicate that polar covalent bonding in (HgF2)n begins as early as n=5. For n=2 through to n=13, the transition or switch from weak (primarily dipole–dipole‐type) intermonomer interactions to a preference for polar covalent bonding occurs within the range 5<n≤9. Thermodynamic evidence for this transition is provided. Our results demonstrate a significant risk associated with crystal structure prediction from the ground up (i.e., based on bonding patterns in small clusters). The path from monomers through to extended solids may be punctuated at one or several points (as n increases) with transitions in structure and bonding that are not anticipated or betrayed by the bonding in small clusters.  相似文献   

20.
Single crystals of HgII(H4TeVIO6) (colourless to light‐yellow, rectangular plates) and HgI2(H4TeVIO6)(H6TeVIO6)·2H2O (colourless, irregular) were grown from concentrated solutions of orthotelluric acid, H6TeO6, and respective solutions of Hg(NO3)2 and Hg2(NO3)2. The crystal structures were solved and refined from single crystal diffractometer data sets (HgII(H4TeVIO6): space group Pna21, Z = 4, a =10.5491(17), b = 6.0706(9), c = 8.0654(13)Å, 1430 structure factors, 87 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0180; HgI2(H4TeVIO6)(H6TeVIO6)·2H2O: space group P1¯, Z = 1, a = 5.7522(6), b = 6.8941(10), c = 8.5785(10)Å, α = 90.394(8), β = 103.532(11), γ = 93.289(8)°, 2875 structure factors, 108 parameters, R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0184). The structure of HgII(H4TeVIO6) is composed of ribbons parallel to the b axis which are built of [H4TeO6]2— anions and Hg2+ cations held together by two short Hg—O bonds with a mean distance of 2.037Å. Interpolyhedral hydrogen bonding between neighbouring [H4TeO6]2— groups, as well as longer Hg—O bonds between Hg atoms of one ribbon to O atoms of adjacent ribbons lead, to an additional stabilization of the framework structure. HgI2(H4TeVIO6)(H6TeVIO6)·2H2O is characterized by a distorted hexagonal array made up of [H4TeO6]2— and [H6TeO6] octahedra which spread parallel to the bc plane. Interpolyhedral hydrogen bonding between both building units stabilizes this arrangement. Adjacent planes are stacked along the a axis and are connected by Hg22+ dumbbells (d(Hg—Hg) = 2.5043(4)Å) situated in‐between the planes. Additional stabilization of the three‐dimensional network is provided by extensive hydrogen bonding between interstitial water molecules and O and OH‐groups of the [H4TeO6]2— and [H6TeO6] octahedra. Upon heating HgI2(H4TeVIO6)(H6TeVIO6)·2H2O decomposes into TeO2 under formation of the intermediate phases HgII3TeVIO6 and the mixed‐valent HgIITeIV/VI2O6.  相似文献   

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